• Synthesis, Fluorine-18 Radiolabeling, and Biological Evaluation of N-((E)-4-Fluorobut-2-en-1-yl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4′-halophenyl)nortropanes: Candidate Radioligands for In Vivo Imaging of the Brain Dopamine Transporter with Positron Emission Tomography. (acs.org)
  • I lead a mini research project in the third year undergraduate teaching laboratory focussing on the synthesis and catalytic properties of palladium nanoparticle/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are inherently complex, and synthesis can require multiple, diverse reaction steps. (matthey.com)
  • APIs are complex structures, typically containing multiple chiral centres, and synthesis requires many precise stereoselective reactions. (matthey.com)
  • One recent process development we worked on through a collaborative development agreement with Snapdragon Chemistry Inc involved the integration of continuous reaction pathways into API synthesis. (matthey.com)
  • Through bioinspired synthesis, in operando characterization, and reaction testing our group hopes to unlock new catalytic possibilities. (montana.edu)
  • The strong interaction among techniques-including controlled catalytic synthesis, synchrotron-based characterization studies, kinetic measurements, and theoretical modeling-was essential for this study, " Liu said. (bnl.gov)
  • The synthesis of bio-based epoxide provides a pathway for making renewable thermoset plastics. (rsc.org)
  • This review presents the recent progress of oxygen functionalization reactions based on non-electrochemical (conventional organic synthesis) and electrochemical methods. (rsc.org)
  • His research focuses on the fundamental understanding of electrochemical reactions and organic electrosynthesis including various oxygen-atom functionalization catalysis, asymmetric synthesis, biochemical reactions. (rsc.org)
  • His main research topics have been the design, synthesis, and study of the binding modes of peptidoglycan biosynthetic pathway inhibitors. (degruyter.com)
  • The synthesis of the peptide stem of bacterial peptidoglycan involves four enzymes, the Mur ligases (MurC, D, E and F). Among them, MurD is responsible for the ATP-dependent addition of d -glutamic acid to UDP-MurNAc- l -Ala, a reaction which involves acyl-phosphate and tetrahedral intermediates. (degruyter.com)
  • A carboxylic-acid-directed oxidative Heck reaction enables a direct synthesis of 4-aryl-3-butenoic acids in good yields. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • Most enzymes are proteins , though certain nucleic acids , called ribozymes , are also capable of catalytic activity. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Enzymes are essential to sustain life because most chemical reactions in biological cells , such as the digestion of food, would occur too slowly or would lead to different products without the activity of enzymes. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Like all catalysts, enzymes work to lower the activation energy of a reaction, or the initial energy input necessary for most chemical reactions to occur. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Heat cannot be added to a living system, so enzymes provide an alternate pathway: they bond with a substrate (the substance involved in the chemical reaction) to form a "transition state," an unstable intermediate complex that requires less energy for the reaction to proceed. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Enzymes may speed up reactions by a factor of many millions. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Enzymes are usually specific, or unique, to the reactions they catalyze and the substrates that are involved in these reactions. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • In living organisms, this reaction is catalyzed by enzymes (proteins that serve as catalysts) such as catalase . (wikipedia.org)
  • A powerful theme that has recently emerged and that is highly relevant to both natural and laboratory evolution of new enzymes is that of catalytic promiscuity, where an enzyme catalyzes an alternative reaction (or reactions) in addition to its biologically relevant one. (rug.nl)
  • His main research interests concern the identification of genes and enzymes involved in this pathway, the regulation of this metabolism, the mode of action of antibiotics and bacteriocins interfering with this pathway and the corresponding resistance mechanisms, as well as the molecular bases for the recognition of bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan by host innate immunity mechanisms. (degruyter.com)
  • This type of experiments should allow to characterise and understand the key steps of enzymatic reactions, and therefore would lead to better design of inhibitors or enzymes. (europa.eu)
  • Moreover, NiRs are structurally homologous enzymes, performing the same reaction, but exhibiting a wide diversity of structural controls. (europa.eu)
  • These reactions are catalysed by transferase enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases . (bionity.com)
  • The CAZy database describes the families of structurally-related catalytic and carbohydrate-binding modules (or functional domains) of enzymes that degrade, modify, or create glycosidic bonds. (lu.se)
  • The conversion of light hydrocarbons with solid catalysts is an important class of reactions in the chemical and energy industries. (edu.au)
  • Here, we report that catalytic single-site Co in a well-defined brookite TiO 2 nanorod (210) surface (Co-TiO 2 ) presents turnover frequencies that are among the highest for Co-based heterogeneous catalysts reported to date, reaching 6.6 ± 1.2 and 181.4 ± 28 s −1 at 300 and 400 mV overpotentials, respectively. (nature.com)
  • Specific catalysts are stereoselective and are often able to react at selected reaction sites, reducing the prospect of unwanted side reactions. (matthey.com)
  • We work closely with our customers to make sure the reaction process and catalysts are right for them. (matthey.com)
  • Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it. (wikipedia.org)
  • Catalysts generally react with one or more reactants to form intermediates that subsequently give the final reaction product, in the process of regenerating the catalyst. (wikipedia.org)
  • Catalytic systems being developed include transition metal catalysts (including methods to prevent coarsening of nanoparticles at higher temperatures) and zeolite templated materials. (montana.edu)
  • In particular, her group is interested in homogeneous transition metal catalysts for achieving highly selective or unusual reactions. (montana.edu)
  • Research areas include catalyst-controlled chemoselectivity in cross-coupling reactions and developing catalysts that can functionalize methane by new mechanistic pathways. (montana.edu)
  • The development of novel catalysts for selective oxidation reactions is an area of decisive importance for both industry and academia. (findaphd.com)
  • Here, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has broad applications in electrochemical devices, but it often requires expensive and scarce Ir-based catalysts in acid electrolyte. (osti.gov)
  • The catalytic character of the hydrogen evolution reactions, involving reduction of high numbers of protons per a single catalytically active moiety, offers particularly high sensitivities of detection of the catalysts. (researchgate.net)
  • Discovering the underlying principles that determine the behavior of catalysts-the chemical "deal makers" that bring reactants together-could provide the key to more selective reactions. (bnl.gov)
  • We were trying to identify the key catalytic principles that make it select one pathway or another, with the idea that these principles could then guide the design of catalysts for an even wider range of reactions. (bnl.gov)
  • By studying catalysts pairing another metal with palladium, scientists identified two arrangements, or phases, that determine the reaction pathway. (bnl.gov)
  • Role of the ceria promoter and carrier on the functionality of Cu-based catalysts in the CO2-to-methanol hydrogenation reaction. (edu.pl)
  • A novel framework is proposed to determine the optimum reaction configurations and reaction pathways for DR of C1-C4 hydrocarbons via a reaction mechanism generator (RMG). (edu.au)
  • however, the general mechanism is as follows: the catalytic cycle begins with oxidative addition of a C(sp2)-X (X = Br, Cl, I, OTf, etc.) bond to a palladium(0) complex followed by 1,2-migratory insertion to access an alkylpalladium(II) intermediate (1). (wikipedia.org)
  • The reductive Heck reaction follows a similar mechanism, but involves intercepting the alkylpalladium(II) intermediate (2) with a hydride source (most commonly formate) to form a palladium complex (3) that can readily undergo reductive cleavage to form a new C-H bond. (wikipedia.org)
  • Based on grand canonical quantum mechanics calculations and the single-site Co atomic structure validated by in situ and ex situ spectroscopic probes, we have established a full description of the catalytic reaction kinetics for Co-TiO 2 as a function of applied potential, revealing an adsorbate evolution mechanism for the OER. (nature.com)
  • The rate increase occurs because the catalyst allows the reaction to occur by an alternative mechanism which may be much faster than the non-catalyzed mechanism. (wikipedia.org)
  • In general, chemical reactions occur faster in the presence of a catalyst because the catalyst provides an alternative reaction mechanism (reaction pathway) having a lower activation energy than the non-catalyzed mechanism. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the present review, we will deal with work performed on substrate specificity, reaction mechanism and 3D structure of E. coli MurD. (degruyter.com)
  • Three distinct antioxidant pathways are considered through which iron-catalyzed oxidative stress may be regulated by nitric oxide (NO). The first two pathways involve direct redox interactions of NO with iron catalytic sites and represent a fast response that may be considered an emergency mechanism to protect cells from the consequences of acute and intensive oxidative stress. (cdc.gov)
  • the structures of the various intermediates on the reaction pathway, the kinetic mechanism and the physical organic chemistry of the reaction catalysed. (europa.eu)
  • In the mechanism of reduction of nitrite (N02-) to nitrous oxide (NO), both the substrate binding reaction and the electron transfer can be observed, and preliminary X-ray experiments using cryo-cooling diffraction indicate an important conformational control of the reaction and sufficiently long-lived intermediates to be caught by freesing. (europa.eu)
  • Abstract The lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM) provides an efficient pathway for accelerating the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in certain electrocatalysts by activating and involving lattice oxygen in the catalytic OER process. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • The key step in the reaction mechanism of multicopper oxidases (MCOs)--the cleavage of the O-O bond in O2--has been investigated using combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) methods. (lu.se)
  • The QM/MM calculations were further supported by multireference calculations of the MCO spectroscopic properties20 and combined extended X-ray absorption fine- structure EXAFS/QM/MM calculations.21 This has led to the consensus reaction mechanism depicted in Fig. 1. (lu.se)
  • Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a critical step in water electrolysis and is often limited by its slow kinetics. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • However, existing nanoscale catalytic systems fail to in situ control reaction kinetics in a closed-loop manner, lacking the precision toward ultimate reaction efficiency. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, the structural complexity of heterogeneous electrocatalysts makes it a great challenge to elucidate the surface catalytic sites and OER mechanisms. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 4: Schematic illustration of possible OER reaction mechanisms over Co-TiO 2 . (nature.com)
  • We use modelling and knowledge of reaction mechanisms to determine the right reactions for the most effective production of the API. (matthey.com)
  • Significant insight into their catalytic mechanisms has been obtained by relating site-directed mutagenesis studies to kinetic activity assays. (iucr.org)
  • An enzyme is a biological catalyst that regulates the rate of a chemical reaction in a living organism. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Yet, a denatured enzyme can refold within fractions of a second and then precisely react in a chemical reaction. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Like any catalyst, the enzyme remains unaltered by the completed reaction and can therefore continue to interact with substrates. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • This region, where the binding of the substrate(s) and the reaction occur, is known as the active site of the enzyme. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The amino acids side chains that make up the active site are molded into a precise shape, which enables the enzyme to perform its catalytic function. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • In this study, we describe the effect of a single amino-acid variation on a prototypical enzyme, human carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), by correlating its high-resolution reaction-intermediate structures with the measured kinetic parameters. (iucr.org)
  • Recent studies from our laboratory on the enzyme 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4-OT), which in nature catalyzes an enol-keto tautomerization step as part of a catabolic pathway for aromatic compounds, uncovered extreme catalytic promiscuity for this enzyme. (rug.nl)
  • We have formed a group of seven laboratories from England, France, Italy, Portugal and Sweden which will design and apply fast X-ray methods for investigating enzyme dynamics in the crystal along reaction pathways. (europa.eu)
  • We find an inter-electrochemical gating effect when operating DNA framework-constructed enzyme cascade nanoreactors on a transistor, enabling in situ closed-loop reaction monitoring and modulation electrically. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, a comprehensive system is developed, encapsulating nanoreactors, analyzers, and modulators, where the gate potential modulates enzyme activity and switches cascade reaction "ON" or "OFF. (bvsalud.org)
  • Such electric field-effect property enhances catalytic efficiency of enzyme by 343.4-fold and enables sensitive sarcosine assay for prostate cancer diagnoses, with a limit of detection five orders of magnitude lower than methodologies in clinical laboratory. (bvsalud.org)
  • The reaction starts with the fully reduced form of the enzyme, presumably with a water molecule weakly coordinated to the type-2 copper (Cu-T2) ion and no bridging moiety between the two type-3 copper (Cu-T3) ions.17,22 The incoming di- oxygen is immediately reduced, yielding a peroxide-level intermediate (PI),12 with a peroxide ion bound in the centre of the TNC. (lu.se)
  • However, Abbott's group found a loophole of sorts while reviewing data from a catalysis experiment: a small section of the chemical reaction pathway contained both slow and fast steps. (sciencedaily.com)
  • An example of heterogeneous catalysis is the reaction of oxygen and hydrogen on the surface of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 , or titania ) to produce water. (wikipedia.org)
  • The PhD will be based within the Cardiff Catalysis Institute (CCI) (www.cf.ac.uk/cci) which is one of the leading centres for catalyst research focussed on improving the understanding of catalysis, developing new catalytic processes with industry and promoting the use of catalysis as a sustainable 21st century technology. (findaphd.com)
  • For both theory and experiment, we looked not just at the catalyst samples as they were originally prepared, but also as they undergo phase transformations during the reaction," said Ping Liu, an expert in DFT calculations in the Catalysis Reactivity and Structure group of Brookhaven's Chemistry Division. (bnl.gov)
  • This structural information is then used to estimate the modifications of the reaction rate constants and the corresponding free-energy profiles of CA II catalysis. (iucr.org)
  • For instance, it is essential to accurately differentiate between reversible and irreversible lattice oxygen redox reactions to elucidate the LOM. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • Benchmarking hydrogen evolving reaction and oxygen evolving reaction electrocatalysts for solar water splitting devices. (nature.com)
  • The group also collaborated with theorists, led by professor Manos Mavrikakis at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, who used electronic structure calculations to dissect the chemical reaction that occurs when hydrogen -- adsorbed to the material -- is exposed to oxygen. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This reaction proceeds because the reaction products are more stable than the starting compound, but this decomposition is so slow that hydrogen peroxide solutions are commercially available. (wikipedia.org)
  • Advantageously, differential pulse voltammetry at SPAgE-AgAP allowed highly sensitive detection of artificial nucleosides dTPT3 and d5SICS (developed to expand genetic alphabet in semi-synthetic organisms) using their catalytic hydrogen evolution signals, with limits of detection of 0.4 pmol l⁻¹. (researchgate.net)
  • This schematic shows two possible reaction pathways for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) with ethane (C 2 H 6 ), where carbon is black, oxygen is red, hydrogen is white. (bnl.gov)
  • This supports hypotheses of both cationic and neutral pathways analogous to the classic Mizoroki-Heck reaction [7, 8]. (wikipedia.org)
  • A Mizoroki-Heck type reaction of boronic acids proceeds under a Pd(II)-mediated pathway using a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc) 2 in the presence of Cu(OAc) 2 as an oxidant. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • Finally, selective modifications of functional groups in HAH were investigated by catalytic etherification, reduction, and dimerization to demonstrate the possibility of applications as monomers in organic dyes and polyethers. (aiche.org)
  • Based on the RMG-Cat (first-principle microkinetic database), the energy profile of the most selective reaction pathway network for the DR of CH4 on Pt(111) at 3 atm and 800°C was deducted. (edu.au)
  • A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed, offering greater energy efficiency relative to non-catalytic pathways. (findaphd.com)
  • These readily undergo iron-catalyzed secondary free radical reactions leading to truncated products which retain the signature PE headgroup and which can readily react with nucleophilic moieties in proteins via their truncated electrophilic acyl chains. (cdc.gov)
  • In stark contrast, the palladium-catalyzed reductive Heck reaction has received considerably less attention, despite the fact that early reports of this reaction date back almost half a century. (wikipedia.org)
  • Further, a strategy to access the natural product ibogaine and analogues (5) involves an intramolecular reductive Heck reaction facilitated by a tether, a strategy that has also been extended to non-strained alkenyl systems. (wikipedia.org)
  • Notably, direct reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) of the high-S poplar wood over Pd-Zn/C catalyst with Pd : Zn ratio 1 : 10 at 225 °C under 35 bar H 2 in methanol gave the highest yield of biophenol monomers from the lignin present, the major product being DMPP. (rsc.org)
  • Efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are paramount to the development of electrochemical devices for clean energy and fuel conversion. (nature.com)
  • We hope to direct the attention of readers to the latest breakthroughs of traditional oxygen functionalization reactions and to the potential of electrochemistry for the transformation of organic substrates to useful end products. (rsc.org)
  • During his postdoctoral research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), he studied the electrochemical oxygen functionalization reactions. (rsc.org)
  • The results revealed that benefiting from the unhybridized Li-O electronic orbitals and the resulting metastable states of Li-O-Li bonds in DRX, LCTO exhibited a typical LOM pathway, and the lattice oxygen was easily activated and participated in the OER. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • As a simple example occurring in the gas phase, the reaction 2 SO 2 + O 2 → 2 SO 3 can be catalyzed by adding nitric oxide . (wikipedia.org)
  • However, revealing the detailed relationship between structural modifications and functional changes remains challenging owing to the lack of information on reaction intermediates and of a systematic way of connecting them to the measured kinetic parameters. (iucr.org)
  • These reactions often act to detoxify poisonous compounds, although in some cases the intermediates in xenobiotic metabolism can themselves be the cause of toxic effects. (bionity.com)
  • The proposed processes with catalytic reaction routes can achieve effective control over functional groups in biomass and provide a facile approach to supply renewable high-value chemicals. (aiche.org)
  • Continuous reaction processes work by applying a constant flow of raw reagents while simultaneously removing products. (matthey.com)
  • Candidates are invited to apply for a PhD in the area of structure-activity relationships in catalytic processes for the development of industrial applications. (findaphd.com)
  • Later work improved the efficiency of the reaction with piperidine and tetraalkylammonium salt additives. (wikipedia.org)
  • The application of flow reactors in multiphase catalytic reactions represents a promising approach for enhancing the efficiency of this important class of chemical reactions. (mdpi.com)
  • These include dual catalytic approaches, reactions involving other metals, and mechanistically distinct palladium-catalyzed methods. (wikipedia.org)
  • The team anticipates applying the technique to other catalytic metals, such as palladium and palladium gold alloys. (sciencedaily.com)
  • For each combination, they examined how the metals come together and measured how the mix of reactants and products changes during the reaction. (bnl.gov)
  • But under reaction conditions, when you expose the catalyst to CO 2 and ethane, those metals start to move. (bnl.gov)
  • Research in the Neufeldt group targets the design, optimization, and understanding of catalytic systems for transforming small molecules into value-added compounds such as sequence-controlled polymers and fuels. (montana.edu)
  • The link is assumed to provide the electron-transfer (ET) pathway between the two sites. (lu.se)
  • This is why a synchrotron like NSLS-II is really critical, because the high intensity photon source allows us to measure the electronic and physical structures of the active sites under reaction conditions," he said. (bnl.gov)
  • TDN structures are assembled to construct the biosensing interface, facilitating CHA reaction by providing free space and preventing unwanted entanglements, aggregation, and adsorption of probes on the graphene channel. (bvsalud.org)
  • The structural comparison shows that the binding affinities and configurations of the substrate (CO 2 ) and product (HCO 3 − ) are altered in the V143I variant and the water network in the water-replenishment pathway is restructured, while the proton-transfer pathway remains mostly unaffected. (iucr.org)
  • Herein, a GFET biosensor based on tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN)-assisted catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) reaction (TCHA) has been fabricated and applied to the sensitive and specific detection of miRNA-21. (bvsalud.org)
  • In fact, it is possible that a month-long batch process could be shortened to just a single day using continuous manufacture technology and continually removing the API product reduces the opportunities for unwanted side-reactions to occur, whilst continuous product purification and isolation can also be integrated, further accelerating the synthetic process. (matthey.com)
  • Prior efforts depended on chemical reactions that could only occur in extreme conditions, such as at high temperatures of several 100 degrees Celsius, and the reactions were often tediously slow -- sometimes as long as 10 minutes -- making the approach impractical for everyday technological applications. (sciencedaily.com)
  • JM's Nick Shackley discusses advanced catalytic activity, combining technologies with collaborations and more. (matthey.com)
  • The SI derived unit for measuring the catalytic activity of a catalyst is the katal , which is quantified in moles per second. (wikipedia.org)
  • The productivity of a catalyst can be described by the turnover number (or TON) and the catalytic activity by the turn over frequency (TOF), which is the TON per time unit. (wikipedia.org)
  • Catalytic activity and reaction pathways. (edu.pl)
  • The tasks of finding the shortest, most efficient reaction pathway requires chemical innovation and creativity. (matthey.com)
  • Scientists have harnessed chemical reactions to make microscale origami machines self-fold -- freeing them from the liquids in which they usually function, so they can operate in dry environments and at room temperature. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Classical chemical transformations are activated with heat, which is unspecific, energy-intensive, and can compromise yields for endothermal reactions. (findaphd.com)
  • The modeling studies used "density functional theory" (DFT) to predict how the arrangement of atoms that make up the catalyst changes as the reaction progresses, based on things like the binding energies between different sets of atoms and the energies needed to break and remake chemical bonds. (bnl.gov)
  • Reaxys enables you to search by structure, substructure, reaction, text, and property data.Being based on the CrossFire Beilstein, CrossFire Gmelin and Patent Chemistry databases Reaxys has a long history beginning with chemical data from 1771. (lu.se)
  • SciFinder-N provides access to the world's most comprehensive and authoritative source of references, substances and reactions in chemistry, chemical engineering, food, biomedicine and related sciences. (lu.se)
  • It contains the PatentPak modul, which can quickly localize chemical information within patents, and chemical reactions are documented in greater details. (lu.se)
  • In chemistry, many different reactions can lead to the same structure. (matthey.com)
  • In addition to standard organic, organometallic, and inorganic chemistry lab techniques, we also use computational tools to gain insight into the structure and reactivity of catalytic systems. (montana.edu)
  • We developed a simple approach to improve the reactor productivity of multiphase catalytic reactions performed using a flow chemistry unit with a packed bed reactor. (mdpi.com)
  • Precision chemistry demands miniaturized catalytic systems for sophisticated reactions with well-defined pathways. (bvsalud.org)
  • This process represents a reaction pathway from the peroxy intermediate after it accepts one electron from the nearby type-1 Cu site to the experimentally-observed native intermediate, which is the only fully oxidised catalytically relevant state in MCOs. (lu.se)
  • Furthermore, vacuum calculations on a smaller model of the active site have allowed us to estimate the entropy contributions to the barrier height and to obtain further insight into the reaction by comparing the small cluster model with the QM/MM model, which includes the entire protein. (lu.se)
  • Theoretical calculations were employed to predict the catalytic pathways and activities of disordered rocksalts (DRX), such as Li1.2Co0.4Ti0.5O2 (LCTO). (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • The availability of extremely powerful X-ray sources, as those of ESRF in Grenoble, makes it possible to observe enzymatic reactions, with properly designed equipment, using real time X-ray diffraction. (europa.eu)
  • In the presence of a catalyst such as manganese dioxide this reaction proceeds much more rapidly. (wikipedia.org)
  • A direct metal-free α-hydroxylation of α-unsubstituted β-oxoesters and β-oxoamides using m -chloroperbenzoic acid as the oxidant enables straightforward metal-free access to important α-hydroxy-β-dicarbonyl moieties under mild reaction conditions. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • The reaction gives hydroarylated products in good yields and with high regioselectivity, albeit only with conjugated olefins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Careful catalyst choice could reduce multiple reaction steps to a single, stereoselective step, avoiding the need for separation. (matthey.com)
  • [9] The catalyst is not consumed in the reaction, and may be recovered unchanged and re-used indefinitely. (wikipedia.org)
  • Accordingly, manganese dioxide is said to catalyze this reaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • 4-OT, which carries a unique catalytic amino-terminal proline (Pro-1), has been found to promiscuously catalyze a wide variety of Michael-type addition reactions. (rug.nl)
  • As a result, a promising multicriteria decision-making process, TOPSIS, was employed to identify the optimum reaction configuration with the trade-off between H2 yield and CO2 reduction. (edu.au)
  • Sulfur dioxide is oxidized rapidly by both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions and is removed from the atmosphere by precipitation and by dry deposition on surfaces, mainly as sulfuric acid. (cdc.gov)
  • Xenobiotic metabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that chemically modify xenobiotics , which are compounds foreign to an organism's normal biochemistry, such as drugs and poisons. (bionity.com)
  • The reactions in these pathways are of particular interest in medicine as part of drug metabolism and as a factor contributing to multidrug resistance in infectious diseases and cancer chemotherapy . (bionity.com)
  • These pathways are also important in environmental science, with the xenobiotic metabolism of microorganisms determining whether a pollutant will be broken down during bioremediation , or persist in the environment. (bionity.com)
  • stream (and ultimate removal from airway tissue), local metabolism, and/or direct reaction with tissue substrates. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, local blood flow, metabolism, and reaction, by lowering the Dose response is the most fundamental concept of toxicology. (cdc.gov)
  • It has also been shown that the reaction involves protonation of the O2 moiety before bond cleavage. (lu.se)
  • Thrombin, generated by reactions initiated by activated tissue factor VII/factor IX pathways, leads to clot formation. (medscape.com)
  • We describe in this study the use of a genetically modified high-S poplar lignin to produce 4-propyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol (DMPP), which is converted to the tri-functional compound propylpyrogallol (DMPPO) by a reaction catalysed by N 2 O 5 in the green solvent water. (rsc.org)
  • We have developed an effective process to produce the HMF from glucose by combining catalytic reactions and Simulated-Moving-Bed (SMB) separation. (aiche.org)
  • The catalytic dry reforming (DR) process is a clean approach to transform CO2 into H2 and CO-rich synthetic gas that can be used for various energy applications such as Fischer-Tropsch fuels production. (edu.au)
  • The most endothermic reaction of the CH4 reforming process was found to be C3H3* + H2O* ↔ OH* + C3H4 (218.74 kJ/mol). (edu.au)
  • A simple ligand-free Pd(II) catalytic system is most efficient under open air conditions. (organic-chemistry.org)