Reaction cleavage. Medical search. Frequent questions

These are oxidation reactions which also involve the cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds, with the oxidation occurring at both ends. (everyscience.com)
The proposed reaction sequence consists of anodic oxidation, dimerization, rearrangement and reduction. (dntb.gov.ua)
Bonding to Si is induced by a spontaneous electrochemical reaction that involves oxidation of Si-H and the reduction of the S-S bonds. (rsc.org)

Diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for Echinococcus multilocularis (lanes 1-8, 2 specimens in parallel) and E. granulosus (lanes 9-12, 1 specimen). (cdc.gov)
3' Tth Endonuclease Cleavage Polymerase Chain Reaction (3TEC-PCR) Technology for Single-Base-Specific Multiplex Pathogen Detection using a Two-Oligonucleotide System. (cdc.gov)

In plants, animals and bacteria the glycine cleavage system catalyzes the following reversible reaction: Glycine + H4folate + NAD+ ↔ 5,10-methylene-H4folate + CO2 + NH3 + NADH + H+ In the enzymatic reaction, H-protein activates the P-protein, which catalyzes the decarboxylation of glycine and attaches the intermediate molecule to the H-protein to be shuttled to the T-protein. (wikipedia.org)
The results revealed that electrochemically produced 1H-pyrazoleox plays the role of acceptor in a reaction with the starting molecule via a N-N coupling and ring cleavage reaction of pyrazoles. (dntb.gov.ua)
Only upon the presence of an appropriate input molecule, the two parts are joined, the DNAzyme complex is formed and the cleavage of RNA occurs ('True' output) ( Fig. 1b ). (nature.com)
As its name suggests, the glycine cleavage system breaks down a molecule called glycine by cutting (cleaving) it into smaller pieces. (medlineplus.gov)
The breakdown of glycine by the glycine cleavage system produces a molecule called a methyl group. (medlineplus.gov)
The reaction of the spike protein with Au enabled single-molecule protein circuits, by connecting the spike S1 protein between two Au nano-electrodes using the scanning tunnelling microscopy-break junction (STM-BJ) technique. (rsc.org)
Based on the structure of the molecule, the test item may be metabolized by Phase I enzymes undergoing functionalization reactions aiming to increase hydrophilicity. (europa.eu)
The reaction starts with the fully reduced form of the enzyme, presumably with a water molecule weakly coordinated to the type-2 copper (Cu-T2) ion and no bridging moiety between the two type-3 copper (Cu-T3) ions.17,22 The incoming di- oxygen is immediately reduced, yielding a peroxide-level intermediate (PI),12 with a peroxide ion bound in the centre of the TNC. (lu.se)
The approach is based on the counting of thousands of single immunocomplexes in femtoliter-sized reaction chambers which are termed Simoa - Single Molecule Arrays. (lu.se)
In wells containing a bead with a single target molecule, the formation of an immunocomplex will result in enzymatic cleavage of a substrate, which will be converted to a fluorescent product imaged by the SR-X reader. (lu.se)

The glycine cleavage system (GCS) is also known as the glycine decarboxylase complex or GDC. (wikipedia.org)
The glycine cleavage system is composed of four proteins: the T-protein, P-protein, L-protein, and H-protein. (wikipedia.org)
In both animals and plants, the glycine cleavage system is loosely attached to the inner membrane of the mitochondria. (wikipedia.org)
When coupled to serine hydroxymethyltransferase, the glycine cleavage system overall reaction becomes: 2 glycine + NAD+ + H2O → serine + CO2 + NH3 + NADH + H+ In humans and most vertebrates, the glycine cleavage system is part of the most prominent glycine and serine catabolism pathway. (wikipedia.org)
This reaction, and by extension the glycine cleavage system, is required for photorespiration in C3 plants. (wikipedia.org)
The glycine cleavage system takes glycine, which is created from an unwanted byproduct of the Calvin cycle, and converts it to serine which can reenter the cycle. (wikipedia.org)
The ammonia generated by the glycine cleavage system, is assimilated by the Glutamine synthetase-Glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase cycle but costs the cell one ATP and one NADPH. (wikipedia.org)
The glycine cleavage system is constantly present in the leaves of plants, but in small amounts until they are exposed to light. (wikipedia.org)
During peak photosynthesis, the concentration of the glycine cleavage system increases ten-fold. (wikipedia.org)
In the anaerobic bacteria, Clostridium acidiurici, the glycine cleavage system runs mostly in the direction of glycine synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
While glycine synthesis through the cleavage system is possible due to the reversibility of the overall reaction, it is not readily seen in animals. (wikipedia.org)
Glycine encephalopathy, also known as non-ketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH), is a primary disorder of the glycine cleavage system, resulting from lowered function of the glycine cleavage system causing increased levels of glycine in body fluids. (wikipedia.org)
The disease was first clinically linked to the glycine cleavage system in 1969. (wikipedia.org)
Initial research using carbon labeling showed decreased levels of CO2 and serine production in the liver, pointing directly to deficiencies glycine cleavage reaction. (wikipedia.org)
This specific mutation directly affected the active site of the T-protein, causing lowered efficiency of the glycine cleavage system. (wikipedia.org)
This protein is one of four enzymes that work together in a group called the glycine cleavage system. (medlineplus.gov)
When an altered version of this enzyme is incorporated into the glycine cleavage system, it impairs the system's ability to break down glycine. (medlineplus.gov)

As you pointed out, the main feature here is the cleavage reaction of the aromatic ether group (top left corner) into the alcohol group via a demethylation mechanism . (brainmass.com)

Activated factor Xa converts prothrombin to thrombin on phospholipid surfaces in a calcium-dependent proteolytic reaction, which results in the cleavage of prothrombin at 2 sites. (medscape.com)
Activated protein C inactivates factors Va and VIIIa by means of proteolytic cleavage. (medscape.com)

Structural analysis of specificity: alpha-lytic protease complexes with analogues of reaction intermediates. (genome.jp)

Together the proteins involved in these reactions comprise about half the proteins in mitochondria from spinach and pea leaves. (wikipedia.org)
The pFastBac™ HBM TOPO™ vector has also a C-terminal His-Tag with a TEV cleavage signal to enable easy purification of Histidine fusion proteins on nickel-chelating resins (ProBond™ Purification System) and native proteins with the aid of AcTev™ protease. (fishersci.com)
The only peptidase reactions known to be catalysed by proteins in the family at the time were autolytic cleavage events. (ebi.ac.uk)
In these reactions, precursor proteins converted themselves into active enzymes that were not peptidases. (ebi.ac.uk)

Do you have experience/suggestions with selective ether cleavage reactions? (chemicalforums.com)
In particular, radical cross-coupling reactions exploiting SmI 2 -induced selective generation of aminoketyl radicals have emerged as concise and efficient methods for constructing 2-azabicycles, pyrrolidines and complex polycyclic barbiturates. (mdpi.com)
However, PAC derivatives also undergo a cleavage reaction under mild, but selective, conditions to generate the same single analyte for all species. (cdc.gov)

Samarium(II) iodide (SmI 2 , Kagan's reagent) has been widely used to forge challenging C-C bonds through reductive coupling reactions. (mdpi.com)

For subsequent reactions, I would like to cleave the aryl methyl ether group to obtain a phenol. (chemicalforums.com)

Nsp5 cleaves TRMT1 at a specific position that matches the consensus sequence of SARS-CoV-2 polyprotein cleavage sites, and a single mutation within the sequence inhibits Nsp5-dependent proteolysis of TRMT1. (elifesciences.org)
Nsp3 is contained within pp1a and releases itself from the polyprotein through self-cleavage. (elifesciences.org)

The reaction occurs in a single phase and no formation of intermediates happens. (bartleby.com)
The nature and structure of the reaction intermediates during the recombination are determined, elucidating the full mechanism of photodissociation and recombination on ultrafast time scales. (lu.se)

Metals react with aryl halides and alkyl halides and they also go through nucleophilic substitution reactions and elimination reactions. (bartleby.com)

Class II RNRs generate a transient 5'- deoxyadenosyl radical through cleavage of the C-Co bond in adenosylcobalamin. (lu.se)
Class III RNRs are strictly anaerobic and generate a stable glycyl radical on the protein by cleavage of S- adenosylmethionine, which can be regarded as a homologue of adenosylcobalamin. (lu.se)

Mice receiving the appropriate anti-BoNT serotype anti- a unique cleavage site on a unique peptide, the mass-spe- body are asymptomatic and survive, while mice treated cific product peptides detected by mass spectrometry dif- with the other serotype antibodies show symptoms of botu- ferentiate active BoNT serotypes. (cdc.gov)
The signal peptide of the precursor is removed by intramolecular autoproteolytic cleavage, producing a two-chain heterodimer and liberating the N-terminal nucleophilic Thr responsible for hydrolytic activity. (ebi.ac.uk)

The derivatives were reconverted to the parent compound (Cur) after cleavage of the ester bonds by microsomal esterase, indicating that the compounds could act as Cur prodrugs. (researchgate.net)
The two conductance states are governed by the S-S bonds reaction with Au which controls the orientation of the protein in the circuit, and via which different electron pathways are created. (rsc.org)

Write a suitable mechanism for the cleavage of butyl isopropyl ether with HI. (brainmass.com)
Write a suitable mechanism for the cleavage of butyl isopropyl ether with HI at 100 degrees Celsius to form exclusively isopropyl alcohol and 1-iodobutane. (brainmass.com)
The key step in the reaction mechanism of multicopper oxidases (MCOs)--the cleavage of the O-O bond in O2--has been investigated using combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) methods. (lu.se)
The QM/MM calculations were further supported by multireference calculations of the MCO spectroscopic properties20 and combined extended X-ray absorption fine- structure EXAFS/QM/MM calculations.21 This has led to the consensus reaction mechanism depicted in Fig. 1. (lu.se)

The barriers in these reactions arise from the greater extent of bond cleavage in the reactant than that of bond formation in the transition state. (iisc.ac.in)
Analysis of bond orders estimated from bond lengths using Pauling's relation also leads to the fact that the bond-cleavage process is more advanced than is the bond-formation process in these reactions. (iisc.ac.in)
Resolving the structural dynamics of bond breaking, bond formation, and solvation is required for a deeper understanding of solution-phase chemical reactions. (lu.se)

AbstractThe electrocatalyzed N-N coupling and ring cleavage reaction of 3-methyl-, 3,5-dimethyl-, 3-methyl-5-phenyl- and 3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole was investigated and led to the electro-organic synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds. (dntb.gov.ua)

Human cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibit a decrease in TRMT1 protein levels and TRMT1-catalyzed tRNA modifications, consistent with TRMT1 cleavage and inactivation by Nsp5. (elifesciences.org)
The 3 × 10 −4 G 0 level is attributed to a single SARS-CoV-2 protein connecting to the two STM Au nano-electrodes from the receptor binding domain (RBD) subunit and the S1/S2 cleavage site. (rsc.org)
8 The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 is composed of three domains, the receptor binding domain (RBD) that contains 4 S-S bridges, the N-terminal domain (NTD) that contains 3 S-S bridges and the S1/S2 cleavage site that contains 3 S-S bridges ( Fig. 1a(iii) ). (rsc.org)
Furthermore, vacuum calculations on a smaller model of the active site have allowed us to estimate the entropy contributions to the barrier height and to obtain further insight into the reaction by comparing the small cluster model with the QM/MM model, which includes the entire protein. (lu.se)

Figure 5 Time curves of cleavage reactions of HpRz prepared in vitro . (wjgnet.com)

The TRMT1 cleavage fragments exhibit altered RNA binding activity and are unable to rescue tRNA modification in TRMT1-deficient human cells. (elifesciences.org)

Display a pathway starting from this reaction. (ethz.ch)
This process represents a reaction pathway from the peroxy intermediate after it accepts one electron from the nearby type-1 Cu site to the experimentally-observed native intermediate, which is the only fully oxidised catalytically relevant state in MCOs. (lu.se)

Quantitative cleavage results of 3 independent experiments (bottom-middle panel) and Plate Reader results showing reaction kinetics (bottom panel). (nature.com)

The alkyl halide containing a partial +ve charge on the C atom linked to the halogen interacts with a nucleophile, a substitution reaction occurs and a halide ion is produced as the atom of halogen departs as the leaving group. (bartleby.com)
S N 1 reaction occurs in polar protic solvents. (bartleby.com)

Probe-based qPCR allows multiple targets to be quantified in a single reaction (multiplexing) by using a unique fluorescent dye for each amplicon-specific probe. (neb.com)

Once converted to their active forms the peptidases in family T2 vary in the reaction that they catalyse. (ebi.ac.uk)

Elimination reactions. (bartleby.com)

A few simple atom-transfer reactions (i.e. (iisc.ac.in)
Results reveal that during these reactions a small free valence always develops on the migrating atom at the transition state. (iisc.ac.in)

It is very important to know the functional groups to understand Organic reactions. (brainmass.com)

The electrochemically catalyzed reactions were accomplished under constant-current and constant-potential conditions using an undivided electrochemical cell with the advantages of mild reaction conditions, remarkable yields and environmental compatibility. (dntb.gov.ua)

In the 1st stage, a carbocation & a halide ion are produced, when the polarized carbon-halogen bond goes through a slow cleavage. (bartleby.com)

ACD is a of Risk from Existing Knowledge (DEREK) may be delayed (type IV) hypersensitivity reaction to an useful to some extent in the initial screening of exogenous chemical mediated by T-cell-related potential sensitization hazard of chemicals in processes (1-3). (cdc.gov)

In S N 2 reactions, the reactivity of primary alkyl halides is more when compared to secondary alkyl halides along with tertiary alkyl halides. (bartleby.com)

In 1989, he earned his Ph.D. degree in inorganic chemistry from the Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, and his research field was photo-induced charge transfer reactions in zeolites. (rsc.org)

In the S N 2 reaction, the carbon-halide bond is fragmented as the entering nucleophile interacts with an alkyl halide, and a new carbon-nucleophile bond is made. (bartleby.com)
As the reaction goes by, the generation of a carbon-nucleophile bond happens and the carbon-leaving group bond gets weakened. (bartleby.com)
Structural analysis of the scattering data resolves the solvent-dependent structural evolution during the bond cleavage, internal rearrangements, solvent-cage escape, and bond reformation in real time. (lu.se)
It has also been shown that the reaction involves protonation of the O2 moiety before bond cleavage. (lu.se)

E = Se, II) were synthesized by reactions of the isostructural complexes E 2 Fe 3 (CO) 9 with [Co(CO)4] ‒ , respectively. (ntnu.edu.tw)

Metabolites formed in synthetic reactions are more polar and thus more readily excreted by the kidneys (in urine) and the liver (in bile) than those formed in nonsynthetic reactions. (msdmanuals.com)

These findings provide evidence that Nsp5-dependent cleavage of TRMT1 and perturbation of tRNA modification patterns contribute to the cellular pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. (elifesciences.org)
The findings advance previous studies on the transnational cleavage and party positioning on trade, and demonstrate the continued importance of economic factors in driving patterns of trade protection. (lu.se)

This type of substitution reaction generally happens in two stages. (bartleby.com)

F02506-1.png where a-b is an @E01965@ and X is a @N04246@ (which may emerge from the reaction in combined form), and the middle group affords the unsaturated fragment c=d. (iupac.org)

Understanding the association between Cell-free DNA levels in embryo CM and the quality of embryo cleavage could help improve the quality of IVF techniques. (who.int)
This prospective study was conducted with 96 spent CM from patients undergoing IVF cycle, in order to determine relationships of Cell-free DNA levels in embryo CM with embryo cleavage quality on day 3. (who.int)

The Coupling Reaction of Copper(I) Methyltrialkylborates with Benzyl Bromides. (thieme-connect.de)

Its most important function is the cleavage of fibrinogen to create insoluble fibrin. (medscape.com)

This cleavage event separates the reporter fluorophore from the quencher and results in an amplification-dependent increase in fluorescence. (neb.com)

Digital Microfluidics Chips for the Execution and Real-Time Monitoring of Multiple Ribozymatic Cleavage Reactions. (nih.gov)
Probe-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) uses real-time fluorescence from 5ʹ-3ʹ exonuclease cleavage of a fluorescently-labeled, target-specific probe to measure DNA amplification at each cycle of a PCR. (neb.com)

In the presence of active S. equina infection, antigens from the adult and microfilaraemic stages showed the highest degree of cross-reaction with human sera. (who.int)

A coupling reaction in which two alkyl halides reacted with sodium metal in dry ether to form higher alkanes is the Wurtz reaction. (bartleby.com)

So far I tried cleavage with a) high excess AlCl 3 in DCM anh. (chemicalforums.com)

We found that disappearance of some of these plant reactions were caused by inhibition of electrical signal generation and propagation, a target of anesthetics is remarkably similar to animal organisms. (frontiersin.org)

Anatomy23

Organisms10

Chemicals and Drugs133

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes66

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Oxidation3

Polymerase chain re2

Molecule10

Glycine17

Aromatic1

Proteolytic2

Specificity1

Proteins4

Selective3

Reductive1

Ether group1

Polyprotein2

Intermediates2

Aryl1

Radical2

Peptide2

Bonds2

Mechanism4

Formation3

Methyl1

Protein4

Vitro1

Fragments1

Pathway2

Kinetics1

Occurs2

Fluorescent1

Peptidases1

Elimination Reactions1

Atom2

Organic1

Mild1

Carbocation1

Extent1

Tertiary1

19891

Bond4

Complexes1

Polar1

Findings2

Type1

Group1

Cell2

Copper1

Function1

Results1

Time2

Stages1

Form1

High1

Target1