Rbcs surface antigens antigen antibody reactions. Medical search. Frequent questions

It is also used in antenatal screening to detect the presence of antibodies in a pregnant woman's serum that could result in hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn . (medscape.com)

Naturally occurring anti-A and anti-B are the only RBC antibodies in normal human serum or plasma. (medscape.com)
The antibody screening test performed in a clinical laboratory and/or blood bank is designed to detect the presence of unexpected antibodies, especially alloantibodies in the serum to antigens of the non-ABO blood group system: Duffy, Kell, Kidd, MNS, P, and certain Rh types that are considered clinically significant. (medscape.com)
Currently, the methods for ABO blood typing of rhesus and cynomolgus macaque samples consist of 1) reverse typing agglutination tests of surface antigens on human red blood test cells and corresponding naturally occurring serum antibodies in macaques and 2) the saliva inhibition test (SIT). (primateproducts.com)
Reverse typing of macaque serum or plasma, that, as in humans, contains naturally occurring antibodies corresponding to the ABO antigens, can only provide reliable results using human test RBCs expressing the A and B antigens if the macaque sera are first absorbed with human type O red blood cells (RBCs) to remove species specific agglutinins that can cause false positive results. (primateproducts.com)
IgG is the most predominant antibody found in the body and constitutes 80% of the total antibody content in the serum . (bioexplorer.net)
It constitutes 13% of the total antibody content found in the serum. (bioexplorer.net)
In testing blood samples from adults, confirmation of the ABO blood group can be provided by the reactions of the individual's serum with standard A and B red cell suspensions (reverse grouping). (sigmaaldrich.com)
It is also unusual that ceftriaxone antibodies do not react with drug-treated RBCs and are only detected via the immune-complex method, which includes the serum, the drug, and RBCs. (rhochistj.org)
Separated the serum and prepared the RBCs' saline suspension. (labpedia.net)
f) Antitoxin: A solution of antibodies (e.g., diphtheria antitoxin and botulinum antitoxin) derived from the serum of animals immunized with specific antigens. (cdc.gov)

This is usually irrelevant for transfusion since this variant of the antibody does not react at body temperature. (wikipedia.org)
MNS antibodies display dosage (they react stronger against cells which are homozygous vs heterozygous for the antigen in question). (wikipedia.org)
A relatively small amount of plasma in the transfused blood contains anti-A antibodies, which could react with the A antigens on the surface of the recipients RBCs, but a significant reaction is unlikely because of the dilution factors. (sankalpindia.net)
the higher the temperature (ie, the closer to normal body temperature) at which these antibodies react with the RBC, the greater the hemolysis. (msdmanuals.com)

The Plasmodium falciparum protein, apical membrane antigen 1 forms a complex with another parasite protein, rhoptry neck protein 2, to initiate junction formation with the erythrocyte and is essential for merozoite invasion during the blood stage of infection. (nature.com)
Consequently, apical membrane antigen 1 has been a target of vaccine development but vaccination with apical membrane antigen 1 alone in controlled human malaria infections failed to protect and showed limited efficacy in field trials. (nature.com)

A recipient who is immunocompetent may mount an immune response to the donor antigens (i.e., alloimmunization), resulting in various clinical consequences, depending on the blood cells and specific antigens involved. (medscape.com)
The immunologic mechanism for alloimmunization to antigens found on transfused cells involves presentation of the donor antigens by donor antigen-presenting cells (APCs), i.e., monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells, to recipient T cells. (medscape.com)
Today, because of new research and a better understanding of the complex issues regarding immune reaction related to incompatible donor Blood cells, type O Blood is no longer seen suitable. (sankalpindia.net)
The terms universal donor and universal recipient are an over-simplification , because they only consider possible reactions of the recipient's anti-A and anti-B antibodies to transfused red blood cells, and also possible sensitization to RhD antigens (the Rhesus factor or Rhesus D antigens). (sankalpindia.net)
Antibody screening and cross-matching prior to transfusion is necessary as it detects if there are any other blood group incompatibilities between potential donor blood and intended recipients. (sankalpindia.net)
Stem-cell and transplantation studies are rapidly expanding areas of biomedical research that require knowledge of selected blood types including the ABO cell surface antigen phenotypes of both the donor and recipient to prevent fatal immunological reactions during transplantation and stem cell treatment. (primateproducts.com)
During blood transfusion, blood of donor has to be matched with blood of recipients to avoid clumping of RBCs. (ncertbooksolutions.com)
To maximize safety and efficacy, donor blood agglutinogens must match up with any antibodies absent in recipient plasma to avoid adverse reactions such as hemolysis or agglutination that might otherwise arise during transfusions. (whyisdifference.com)
Once the graft has escaped the initial acute phase rejection reactions, a cumulative unresponsiveness to the graft develops as the recipient is continually exposed to donor MHC, a stable state that sometimes depends on the development of antigen-specific T-suppressor cells [ 371 , 5349 - 5354 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
begingroup$ what i know is that o is the universal donor what i don't get is how do we know it's compatible when its plasma has the antibodies or is it not done this way at all(mixing donor's RBCs and recipient's plasma)? (stackexchange.com)
The donor plasma contains antibodies to both A and B antigens, however. (stackexchange.com)
The assumption we're making is that out of total blood volume, donor + recipient, the amount of A/B antibody in the O group plasma will be dilute enough that there's a deleterious effect on hemolytic events involving donor anitbodies. (stackexchange.com)
e) Specific immune globulin: Special preparations obtained from blood plasma from donor pools preselected for a high antibody content against a specific antigen (e.g., hepatitis B immune globulin, varicella-zoster immune globulin, rabies immune globulin, tetanus immune globulin, vaccinia immune globulin, and cytomegalovirus immune globulin). (cdc.gov)

The presence or absence of these antigens in an individual is important, because they determine the type of blood that should be given in case a blood transfusion is necessary. (medscape.com)
It is performed to identify the presence or absence of antibodies in the blood directed against antigens found on red blood cells. (orangehealth.in)
ABO grouping is based on presence or absence of two surface antigens RBC, antigen A and antigen B. The plasma of an individual also contains two antibodies produced in response of antigens. (ncertbooksolutions.com)
There are four major blood groups determined by the presence or absence of two antigens - A and B - on the surface of red blood cells. (feministlawprofessors.com)
There are more than 600 other known antigens, the presence or absence of which creates "rare blood types. (feministlawprofessors.com)

Based on the major antigens, blood groups may be classified as one of these four types: Blood is also classified by rhesus (Rh) factor. (feministlawprofessors.com)
There are two major antigens, A and B. (labpedia.net)

In the ABO system, the phenotype of an individual is usually determined by the hemagglutination reactions of the individual's RBCs with Anti-A, Anti-B, and Anti-AB antisera (forward grouping). (sigmaaldrich.com)
The O phenotype type only exists from a OO combination, where no antigens exist. (netlify.app)
o As a result, cord blood and RBCs from newborn infants phenotype as Le(a -b-). o Some can be shown to be weakly Le(a+) when tested with a potent anti-Lea or with methods more sensitive than direct agglutination. (keepnotes.com)
A study in our lab demonstrated that Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines (DARC, also known as DBGP, the Duffy protein phenotype), led to the inhibition of tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Duffy blood group (DBG) system consists of genotype systems, phenotype systems and five antigens. (biomedcentral.com)

The collected blood sample is treated with a large range of collected or synthetic human RBC antigens and observed under the microscope.These antibodies are naturally produced against incompatible RBC antigens when there is exposure to incompatible red blood cells. (orangehealth.in)

Affected RBCs either possess specific antigenic proteins known as antigens that determine one's antigenic profile as well as compatibility for transfusion. (whyisdifference.com)
DBGP proteins were examined by indirect antiglobulin testing with anti-FYa and anti-FYb antibodies. (biomedcentral.com)
The DBGP system is embodied by proteins that carry blood group antigens on the surfaces of RBC. (biomedcentral.com)

6. Protective function- by the phagocytic action of leucocytes and by the actions of antibodies, the blood provides the most important defense mechanism. (tdmuv.com)

For the last two decades, our understanding of immunology exploded with the advent of technologies that allowed high throughput screening and generation of large molecule biologics such as monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and small molecule compounds. (frontiersin.org)
Since the advent of murine hybridomas, the emergence of a variety of monoclonal antibody (mAb) technologies has enabled the wide applications of murine monoclonal antibodies in medicine, life science, agronomy, and food science. (blood-genomics.com)
Compared with murine monoclonal antibodies, rabbit monoclonal antibodies (RabmAbs) exhibit higher affinity, presenting with increased detection sensitivity and greater specificity for the particular structure of epitopes. (blood-genomics.com)

B cells are lymphocytes that produce antibodies upon encountering an antigen or disease-causing pathogen and form the humoral immune response. (bioexplorer.net)

With further research, it was seen that even O- donors have some antibodies in their blood that can cause reactions in the recipients. (sankalpindia.net)
The increasingly frequent use of rhesus and cynomolgus macaques, who commonly exhibit the A, B and AB blood group phenotypes, as subjects in studies involving transplantation requires that blood and other tissue antigens of donors and recipients be compatible. (primateproducts.com)
Immunobiologic: Immunobiologics include antigenic substances, such as vaccines and toxoids, or antibody-containing preparations, such as globulins and antitoxins, from human or animal donors. (cdc.gov)

The possible reactions of anti-A and anti-B antibodies present in the transfused blood to the recipients RBCs are not considered, because a relatively small volume of plasma containing antibodies is transfused. (sankalpindia.net)
What you also want to watch out for, is attack on the recipients RBC's by antibodies in the donor's plasma. (stackexchange.com)

Red blood cells (RBCs) carry numerous protein and carbohydrate antigens on their surface. (medscape.com)
These antibodies can bind to antigens on the surface of transfused red blood cells (or other tissue cells) often leading to destruction of the cells by recruitment of other components of the immune system. (sankalpindia.net)
The Indirect Coombs test measures:For antibodies that are attached to the surface of your red blood cells (RBCs).The Indirect Coombs test (ICT) is performed on the principle of the antigen and antibody reaction between the incompatible blood groups. (orangehealth.in)
Blood typing (also known as blood grouping) is a process of classifying blood based on the detection of antigens present on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). (sigmaaldrich.com)
We recently reported that AO-176, a clinical stage humanized anti-CD47 IgG2 antibody, possesses differentiated characteristics such as preferential binding of tumor cells compared to normal cells, a lack of binding to red blood cells, non-ADCC direct tumor killing and elicits immunogenic cell death with DAMP induction, all in addition to single-agent phagocytosis. (netlify.app)
Clinical disease is caused by the asexual forms of the parasite that replicate within red blood cells (RBCs). (nature.com)
Red blood cells or other cells contain antigens that play an essential role in determining one's blood type. (whyisdifference.com)
Agglutinins , or antibodies, are produced by our bodies when foreign agglutinogens on red blood cells or other cells are detected. (whyisdifference.com)
Antigens found on red blood cells or other cells play an integral part in determining one's blood group. (whyisdifference.com)
Agglutinogens are antigens present on red blood cells and other cells, providing antigenic properties specific to particular blood types. (whyisdifference.com)
Overview of Hemolytic Anemia At the end of their normal life span (about 120 days), red blood cells (RBCs) are removed from the circulation. (msdmanuals.com)
Disorders extrinsic to the red blood cell At the end of their normal life span (about 120 days), red blood cells (RBCs) are removed from the circulation. (msdmanuals.com)
This list concerns blood type distribution between countries and regions.Blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood, based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). (feministlawprofessors.com)
Landsteiner observed two distinct chemical molecules present on the surface of the red blood cells. (feministlawprofessors.com)
The anemia results when red blood cells are perceived by the body as antigens and subsequently destroyed. (rhochistj.org)

It is the only antibody that can cross the placental membrane and provide immunity to the fetus. (bioexplorer.net)
In its four forms, provides the majority of antibody-based immunity against invading pathogens. (freezingblue.com)
The only antibody capable of crossing the placenta to give passive immunity to fetus. (freezingblue.com)
Passive immunization means the provision of temporary immunity by the administration of preformed antibodies. (cdc.gov)

In fact, they tend to possess the opposite genotype (N/N).[citation needed] The MN blood group system is under the control of an autosomal locus found on chromosome 4, with two alleles designated LM and LN. The blood type is due to a glycoprotein present on the surface of a red blood cell (RBC), which behaves as a native antigen. (wikipedia.org)
We designed primers to target the SNPs in exon 7 of the ABO locus specific to the A and B antigens. (primateproducts.com)

Glycoprotein antigens on the extracellular surface of the RBC membrane determine an individual's blood group. (cap.org)

Antibodies, also known as Immunoglobulins , are glycoproteins produced by the B lymphocytes upon encountering a pathogenic substance. (bioexplorer.net)
Five antibody or immunoglobulins classes are categorized by their constant region differences. (bioexplorer.net)
Agglutinins - IgM and IgG antibodies that bind specific agglutinogens - act like immunoglobulins in that they recognize specific agglutinogens which ultimately leads to their clumping together and eventual clumping off, potentially compromising blood transfusion safety and making transfusion medicine more complicated. (whyisdifference.com)

Hemolytic transfusion reactions, posttransfusion purpura, febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions, and transfusion-related acute lung injury are discussed in Transfusion Reactions . (medscape.com)
The most general pre-nanomedical method to suppress immune system acute responsiveness is called antigen nonspecific immunosuppression. (nanomedicine.com)

The high antibody titers against AMA1 in malaria-exposed individuals, its surface expression and ability of anti-AMA1 antibodies to block invasion in vitro led to AMA1 being a leading vaccine candidate. (nature.com)

The AHG detects bound RBC antibodies that do not produce direct agglutination (sensitizing antibody). (medscape.com)
The presence of agglutination with the addition of AHG indicates antibody binding to a specific red cell antigen. (medscape.com)
Agglutination refers to the formation of aggregates by antibodies reacting with antigens. (whyisdifference.com)
Disregarding Rh factor for a moment: when you add A-antibodies to a blood sample and agglutination occurs, this means the blood contained A-antigens (A-type). (stackexchange.com)
If agglutination for both antibodies occurs in separate assays on the same sample of blood, it means the sample contains both A and B antigens (AB-type). (stackexchange.com)
In a normal result, ergo there aren't any antibodies to RBC's in the sample mixture, you wont see any agglutination. (stackexchange.com)
begingroup$ The way we find out if it's compatible, is we add A and B antibodies to separate samples of blood to determine if agglutination occurs. (stackexchange.com)

Agglutinogens and Agglutinins differ in that an agglutinogen is any antigen or foreign body that triggers the production of antibodies in our immune system, while antibodies themselves are produced from our own bodies as agglutinins. (whyisdifference.com)

In NHPs, the A, B and O (H) antigens are absent from RBCs, precluding forward typing of their ABO phenotypes, but are found in secretions such as saliva and epithelial cells. (primateproducts.com)
Nucleus is absent in mammalian RBCs having biconcave shape. (ncertbooksolutions.com)

In warm antibody hemolytic anemia, hemolysis occurs primarily in the spleen and is not due to direct lysis of RBCs. (msdmanuals.com)

Lack of hemagglutination demonstrates the absence of the specific antigen, signifying a negative test. (sigmaaldrich.com)

RBCs have an average life span of 120 days after which they are destroyed in the spleen (graveyard of RBCs). (neetprep.com)

We developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method based on sequence-specific priming (SSP) to determine the ABO blood types of rhesus macaques using DNA samples by the identification of mutations responsible for the A and B antigens. (primateproducts.com)
Here, we optimized a method for detecting HBV, HCV, and HIV-1 in blood screening using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-chemiluminescence. (blood-genomics.com)

IgG1 is the most common antibody subclass among the four. (bioexplorer.net)

Understanding the difference between agglutinogens (agglutinins) and agglutinins will enable you to accurately type blood, ensure safe transfusions for patients, diagnose blood-related disorders effectively, and avoid adverse reactions. (whyisdifference.com)
11 The promise of developing universal blood could eliminate the barrier of matching ABO antigens for blood transfusions, which is time-consuming and limits inventory. (cap.org)

stimulate production of autoantibodies against Rh antigens ( methyldopa -type of autoimmune hemolytic anemia). (msdmanuals.com)
Most of the autoantibodies in warm antibody hemolytic anemia are IgG. (msdmanuals.com)
Ceftriaxone-induced HA is an example of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, since the etiology involves an antigen-antibody reaction. (rhochistj.org)
Table 1 shows that among the patients with ceftriaxone-induced hemolytic anemia, five were tested, and none had antibodies for IgA & IgM. (rhochistj.org)
8 Of the eight ceftriaxone induced hemolytic anemia patients tested for IgG antibodies, six were shown to be positive. (rhochistj.org)
However, among those with cefotetan induced hemolytic anemia, two out of 27 patients had IgM antibodies, 12 out of 27 patients had IgA antibodies, and 43 out of 43 tested for IgG had positive antibodies. (rhochistj.org)

The possible complications are: - An immune reaction between the recipient's anti-B antibodies and the transfused RBCs is not anticipated. (sankalpindia.net)
My question is in lab cross-matching test when we put recipient's plasma(o with b antibodies for example) on the donor's RBCs (B with b antigens). (stackexchange.com)
This tends to be a minor problem because of the small amount of antibody present in the donated plasma, which is further diluted on transfusion into the recipient's circulation. (stackexchange.com)

If a person is exposed to blood with different antigens than his or her own, he or she may form antibodies that can result in extravascular and/or intravascular hemolysis when the recipient is reintroduced to the same antigens in a future transfusion. (medscape.com)

Eosinophils (2-3 per cent) resist infections and are also associated with allergic reactions. (neetprep.com)

Red blood cell incompatibility may also occur when the patient's RBC antigens are attacked by antibodies from the donor's plasma. (stackexchange.com)

The antibody molecule comprises four polypeptide chains - two heavy chains and two light chains. (bioexplorer.net)
The heavy and light chains are held together by disulfide bonds, giving the structure of the antibody molecule a Y shape. (bioexplorer.net)
It consists of 100-110 amino acids that differ in each antibody molecule depending on the antigen encountered. (bioexplorer.net)
The other portion of the heavy and light chains that define their subtypes is known as the constant region, and the amino acid content of this region remains constant for each subtype of the antibody molecule. (bioexplorer.net)

[ 1 ] This procedure introduces a multitude of foreign antigens and viable cells into the recipient that persist for a variable time. (medscape.com)

Refractoriness to granulocyte transfusion involves either HLA or granulocyte-specific antibodies and is similar to platelet refractoriness, except that refractoriness to granulocyte transfusion results in the patient failing to respond clinically to the infused granulocytes. (medscape.com)
Antibody screening may be performed in advance of a crossmatch to permit early recognition and identification of clinically significant antibodies and thereby permit selection of the appropriate crossmatch procedure and RBC units. (medscape.com)
The last 2 phases (37°C and AHG phases) are necessary to detect clinically significant IgG antibodies. (medscape.com)

Anti-M and anti-N antibodies are naturally occurring, cold-reacting IgM-class antibodies. (wikipedia.org)

As the RBCs are destroyed, their membrane ruptures, and iron and heme are released from the hemoglobin to circulate back to the liver. (innvista.com)
Antibodies are formed against the drug-membrane complex (neoantigen). (rhochistj.org)
these 2 genes decide which ABO antigens are present on the RBC membrane. (labpedia.net)

M+ and N+ RBCs are common (75% of population) and M+N+ cells are the most common genotype (50% of population). (wikipedia.org)

All others are unexpected and can be divided into alloantibodies (an antibody to an antigen that an individual lacks) and autoantibodies (an antibody to an antigen a person has). (medscape.com)

when blood transfused against incompatible antigens they may cause red cells to clump, potentially leading to potentially harmful reactions. (whyisdifference.com)

The presence of the A, B, and H antigens in the saliva and body fluids are called secretors. (labpedia.net)

This is used to test if complement system factors or antibodies are bound to the surface of an RBC. (rhochistj.org)

The basic principle of blood typing involves observation of a simple antigen-antibody reaction leading to hemagglutination or clumping of RBCs. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Poole J, Daniels G. Blood Group Antibodies and Their Significance in Transfusion Medicine. (wikipedia.org)

It encodes carbohydrates precursor substances in RBCs. (labpedia.net)
Blood group ABO system antibodies are stimulated by the bacteria and the other substances in our surroundings. (labpedia.net)
These antibodies result from cross-reactivity and are initiated at birth upon exposure to foreign substances. (labpedia.net)

RBCs are formed in the red bone marrow in the adults. (neetprep.com)

Functions mainly as an antigen receptor on B cells that have not been exposed to antigens. (freezingblue.com)

ABO genes do not actually code for the production of ABO antigens but rather produce specific glycosyl-transferases that add sugars to the basic precursor substance. (labpedia.net)

The antigen produces and displays specific molecules on its cell surface that the antibody recognizes. (bioexplorer.net)
As these antibodies circulate through the body, they encounter and recognize specific antigens, aiding in their elimination. (bioexplorer.net)
Second, T cell therapies using Tregs (either polyclonal, antigen-specific, or genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to establish active dominant immune tolerance or T cells (engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to delete pathogenic immune cells. (frontiersin.org)
screened together with and without specific template to find oligo combinations, which do not give false positive reactions. (9pdf.co)

The H-antigen with the fucosyl galactose end chain is present on type O blood and is the base structure of the ABO blood group system. (cap.org)
Development of Lewis antigens o Depending on the genes inherited, Lea and Leb glycoproteins will be present in the saliva of ewborns, but Lewis glycolipids are not detectable in the plasma until about 10 days after birth. (keepnotes.com)
o Lewis antigens will start to appear shortly after birth, with Lea developing first when the Le gene is present. (keepnotes.com)
If the sample is said to be O-type, this means neither A or B antigen would be present in these cells. (stackexchange.com)
If you're in the lab doing a Coombs test, for example, you're checking to see if there are any extraneous antigens present that might results in a HTR. (stackexchange.com)

The MNS antigen system is a human blood group system based upon two genes (glycophorin A and glycophorin B) on chromosome 4. (wikipedia.org)
1967. Comparison of Human MM, NN, and MN Blood Group Antigens. (wikipedia.org)
AHG is an animal antibody that binds to the F c portion of human immunoglobulin. (medscape.com)
Researchers are investigating several approaches, such as enzymatic treatments of RBCs, the generation of RBCs from human induced pluripotent stem cells, and the development of artificial oxygen carriers, all with the goal of advancing universal blood. (cap.org)
Needlessly to say with human being antibodies CYP17-IN-1 completely, panitumumab had a minimal rate of recurrence of infusion-related reactions no antibody development. (smartrailexpo-europe.com)
c) Immune globulin (IG): A sterile solution containing antibodies from human blood. (cdc.gov)

The synthesis of Lewis antigens depends on the interaction of the transferases produced by the Lewis and secretor genes. (keepnotes.com)
The majority of antigens are FYa and FYb, which are encoded by the allelic FYA and FYB genes. (biomedcentral.com)

Anti-FYa and anti-FYb antibodies define four red blood cell (RBC) phenotypes: FYa + FYb-, FYa-FYb+, FYa + FYb+, and FYa-FYb- [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Red blood cell surface antigens other than A, B and Rh D, might cause adverse reactions and sensitization, if they can bind to the corresponding antibodies to generate an immune response. (sankalpindia.net)
When a foreign substance such as a toxin or a pathogen enters the body, circulating B cells recognize certain cell-surface antigenic molecules and bind to them. (bioexplorer.net)

Isohemagglutinins (ISO) targeting red blood cell (RBC) antigens are associated with post-HSCT immunohematological complications, including hemolysis, passenger lymphocyte syndrome (PLS), and pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). (blood-genomics.com)

The IgA1 antibody, also called secretory immunoglobulin or sIgA, is most commonly found in secretions in high quantities. (bioexplorer.net)

Basophils secrete histamine, serotonin and heparin that are involved in inflammatory reactions. (ncertbooksolutions.com)

These mature B cells are called Plasma cells which then secrete millions of antibodies into the bloodstream, thus activating the humoral immune response. (bioexplorer.net)

T cells are lymphocytes that bear T cell receptors on their surface and are part of the cell-mediated immune response. (bioexplorer.net)

The heavy chains of the IgG antibody are of the subclass Gamma, with two antigen binding sites. (bioexplorer.net)

Anatomy23

Organisms14

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs136

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment40

Phenomena and Processes37

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care5

Detect the presence of antibodies1

Serum10

React4

Apical membrane antigen2

Donor13

Presence or absence5

Major antigens2

Phenotype5

Produced against incompatible1

Proteins3

Leucocytes1

Monoclonal antibodies3

Produce antibodies1

Donors3

Recipients2

Blood cells15

Immunity4

Locus2

Glycoprotein1

Immunoglobulins3

Acute2

High antibody1

Agglutination7

Immune system1

Absent2

Hemolysis occurs1

Absence1

Spleen1

Polymerase chain re2

Common antibody1

Transfusions2

Hemolytic anemia6

Recipient's3

Intravascular hemolysis1

Infections1

Patient's1

Molecule4

Recipient1

Clinically3

Naturally1

Membrane3

Genotype1

Autoantibodies1

Incompatible1

Body fluids1

Bound1

Involves1

Transfusion Medicine1

Substances3

Bone marrow1

Receptor1

Precursor1

Specific4

Present5

Human6

Genes2

Phenotypes1

Bind2

Complications1

Secretory1

Involved in inflammatory reactions1

Bloodstream1

Lymphocytes1

Gamma1