• Kainic acid injection into the ventral hippocampus induced status epilepticus. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Using immunocytochemistry and ELISA, we investigated the production of interleukin (IL)-1β in the rat hippocampus after focal application of kainic acid inducing electroencephalographic (EEG) seizures and CA3 neuronal cell loss. (jneurosci.org)
  • Langdon, R.B., Johnson, J.W. & Barrionuevo, G. Posttetanic potentiation and presynaptically induced long-term potentiation at the mossy fiber synapse in rat hippocampus. (nature.com)
  • To assess the alternative explanations of the performance decrements, rats received lesions in either CA1 or CA3 fields of dorsal and ventral hippocampus, respectively, 8 days before IA training. (karger.com)
  • Anti-excitotoxic actions of taurine in the rat hippocampus studied in vivo and in vitro. (arizona.edu)
  • Journal Article] Time course changes of estrogen receptor alpha expression in the adult rat hippocampus after kainic acid-induced status epilepticus. (nii.ac.jp)
  • In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of melatonin treatment on gene expressions of Trx, TrxR and Ref-1 against KA in rat hippocampus. (aaspjournal.org)
  • More recently we have demonstrated that C/EBPβ regulates the expression of several genes involved in inflammatory processes and brain injury [ 14 ] and mice lacking C/EBPβ showed a reduced inflammatory response after kainic acid injection and exhibited a dramatic reduction in pyramidal cell loss in the CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • therefore we have investigated alterations of neurofilaments, major cytoskeletal components of neurons, in the rat hippocampus after the kainic acid (ka) administration, an experimental model for the temporal lobe epilepsy . (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
  • In rat hippocampus and cerebellum there were neither differences in dystrophin positive cell types, nor in the regional dystrophin distribution between AK and control animals. (frontiersin.org)
  • Dystrophin is ubiquitously expressed by astrocytes in the human and rat hippocampus and in the rat cerebellum. (frontiersin.org)
  • Brainstem activity, apnea, and death during seizures induced by intrahippocampal kainic acid in anaesthetized rats. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Analysis of chronic seizure onsets after intrahippocampal kainic acid injection in freely moving rats. (yale.edu)
  • In a recent study, the authors used two models of TLE - the intrahippocampal kainic acid model in mice and tetanic stimulation in rats, and observed effects on the glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1). (ilae.org)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Seizures, cell death, and mossy fiber sprouting in kainic acid-treated organotypic hippocampal cultures. (duke.edu)
  • We report here that that application of the convulsant, kainic acid, to organotypic hippocampal explant cultures induces seizures, neuronal cell death, and subsequent dramatic mossy fiber sprouting with a similar laminar preference and time-course to that seen in intact animals. (duke.edu)
  • Plasticity of granule cell-mossy fiber system following kainic acid induced seizures: an immunocytochemical study on neurofilament proteins. (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
  • We generated GABAergic interneuron precursors from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and grafted them in the hippocampi of rats developing chronic SRSs after kainic acid‐induced status epilepticus. (lu.se)
  • The effects of DMF in preventing the onset of epilepsy and modifying the disease were investigated in the kainic acid-induced status epilepticus model of temporal lobe epilepsy in rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, the effects of 1-BCP on excitatory amino acid agonist-induced [3H]NE release in rat hippocampal slices were determined. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, the rats supplemented with BB and SB diets showed increased hippocampal neurogenesis and expression of insulin-like growth factor 1, although the improvements in working memory performance could not solely be explained by these increases. (cambridge.org)
  • The cellular and molecular determinants required for kainic acid-induced cell death and subsequent mossy fiber reorganization thus appear to be intrinsic to the hippocampal slice preparation, and are preserved in culture. (duke.edu)
  • Kainic acid lesions were also produced in either hippocampal field 1 day after training and retention measured 8 days later. (karger.com)
  • In the TLE rat model, neuronal degeneration and necrosis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus increased and RPL6 expression level decreased. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, hippocampal dystrophin levels were estimated by Western blot analysis in biopsies from TLE patients, post-mortem controls, amygdala kindled (AK)-, and control rats. (frontiersin.org)
  • Hippocampal full-length dystrophin (Dp427) levels are upregulated in human TLE, but not in AK rats, possibly indicating a compensatory mechanism in the chronic epileptic human brain. (frontiersin.org)
  • Post-treatment with voltage-gated Na(+) channel blocker attenuates kainic acid-induced apoptosis in rat primary hippocampal neurons. (musc.edu)
  • N ociceptive primary afferent C-fibers express a subset of glutamate receptors that are sensitive to kainic acid. (biopsychiatry.com)
  • This study investigates contributions of peripheral kainate receptors to acute nociception and persistent inflammatory pain in rat. (utmb.edu)
  • Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of kainic acid induced a persistent thermal hyperalgesia, when tested using the hot plate (mice) and tail flick (mice and rats) assays, and mechanical hyperalgesia when tested using von Frey monofilaments (rats), but had no effect on acetic acid-induced chemical nociception (mice). (biopsychiatry.com)
  • Kainic acid injected subcutaneously in the back of mice decreased response latencies in the hot plate and tail flick assays, indicating that hyperalgesia is achieved by a variety of parenteral routes of injection. (biopsychiatry.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Kainic acid intra-spinal injection at the concentration of 0.05 mM, and rate 10 µL/min, is an effective method create spinal injury in rats, however more potent concentrations of kainic acid need to be studied in order to create severe spinal injuries. (afpm.org.my)
  • A lower percentage of the 10-month-old rats developed SE after injection of 1.2 × LD 50 soman, compared to the young adults, the latency to seizure onset was longer in the older rats, and seizure intensity did not differ between the two age groups. (usuhs.edu)
  • The results suggest that exposure to GLA, even in low doses, during infantile period in the rat induces alterations in the kainic acid receptor in the brain. (go.jp)
  • ApoD is 169 amino acids long, including a secretion peptide signal of 20 amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the course of study, every non-polar amino acid in the model is replaced by glycine, whereupon the biochemical characteristics of polar amino acids should become more distinguished. (go.jp)
  • The DEV analyses of the models select four amino acids ( H, D, S and C ) as the essential members of the functional system. (go.jp)
  • The first three amino acids are coincide with the active sites of trypsin (40- H , 84- D and 177- S ). When the area of triangle made up of a combination of three amino acids out of the above four is measured, the triangle of HDS is found to be the minimum among those made of other combinations investigated, suggesting that they are closely located each other. (go.jp)
  • We have studied the effects of excitatory amino acids on the expression of the c-fos and c-jun mRNA in rat C6 glioma cells. (kyobobook.co.kr)
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of anakinra, lamotrigine, and their combination on epileptogenesis using the rat lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Because of the structural analogy between GLA and glutamate, GLA-exposed rats were examined for the wet-dog shakes response to kainic acid. (go.jp)
  • Therefore, in the present study, we compared the susceptibility to soman toxicity of 10-month-old male rats with that of young-adult male rats (42 to 50 days old) and examined the protective efficacy of LY293558 in the older group. (usuhs.edu)
  • Seven-day-old female rats were injected subcutaneously with a dose 1, 2 or 5mg/kg GLA daily for 7 days. (go.jp)
  • When injected intrathecally (i.t.), kainic acid itself failed to induce hyperalgesia and AMPA/KA antagonists given i.t. also failed to attenuate the hyperalgesic effect of kainic acid administered i.p., indicating that the spinal cord is not the primary site of action. (biopsychiatry.com)
  • Postinjury estrogen treatment of chronic spinal cord injury improves locomotor function in rats. (musc.edu)
  • Turnock-Jones JJ, Jennings CA, Robbins MJ, Cluderay JE, Cilia J, Reid JL, Taylor A , Jones DN, Emson PC , Southam E. Increased expression of the NR2A NMDA receptor subunit in the prefrontal cortex of rats reared in isolation. (neurotree.org)
  • aspartate (NMDA), and kainic acid (KA) increased c-fos mRNA level in a concentration-dependent manner. (kyobobook.co.kr)
  • Otherwise, expression levels of ApoD vary largely from organ to organ and species to species, with humans displaying the most diverse expression of ApoD, and mice and rats almost exclusively expressing ApoD in the nervous system (see Figure 2). (wikipedia.org)
  • In both rats and mice, the authors found an increase in protein levels of GlyT1. (ilae.org)
  • Previous studies from our laboratory indicated that C/EBPβ is implicated in inflammatory process and brain injury, since mice lacking this gene were less susceptible to kainic acid-induced injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Combination of all-trans retinoic acid and paclitaxel-induced differentiation and apoptosis in human glioblastoma U87MG xenografts in nude mice. (musc.edu)
  • Regional and cellular dystrophin distribution was evaluated in both human and rat hippocampi and in rat cerebellar tissue by immunofluorescent colocalization with neuronal (NeuN and calbindin) and glial (GFAP) markers. (frontiersin.org)
  • Direct visualization of mossy fiber axons with neurobiotin-labeling revealed that mossy fibers in kainic acid-treated cultures exhibited a dramatic increase in supragranular axonal branch points and synaptic boutons. (duke.edu)
  • Histological evaluation of rat spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia revealed no neurodegenerative changes 24 h after kainic acid. (biopsychiatry.com)
  • In this protocol, detailed description of a dorsal laminectomy was explained to expose the spinal cord, following intra-spinal kainic acid administration at desired location. (afpm.org.my)
  • Combination of all-trans retinoic acid and interferon-gamma suppressed PI3K/Akt survival pathway in glioblastoma T98G cells whereas NF-kappaB survival signaling in glioblastoma U87MG cells for induction of apoptosis. (musc.edu)
  • Most rats dying of central apnea had experienced several transient obstructive apneas. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 3 H]Pirenzepine and (-)-[ 3 H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding to rat cerebral cortical and cardiac muscarinic cholinergic sites. (arizona.edu)
  • Kainic acid (KA)-induced neurotoxicity is mediated by oxidative stress, and melatonin (Mel), an antioxidant pineal hormone, provides neuroprotection against KA. (aaspjournal.org)
  • Methylprednisolone and indomethacin inhibit oxidative stress mediated apoptosis in rat C6 glioblastoma cells. (musc.edu)
  • Metabolism of arachidonic acid through cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes is known to be actively involved in the neuroinflammatory events leading to neuronal death after ischemia. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • We have previously demonstrated that LY293558, an AMPA/GluK1 kainate receptor antagonist, terminates SE induced by the nerve agent soman and protects from long-term brain damage, in immature rats and young-adult rats, even if administered with a relatively long latency from the time of exposure. (usuhs.edu)
  • Cultures treated with kainic acid for a prolonged period displayed a time- and dose-dependent increase in supragranular Timm staining reflective of increased mossy fiber innervation to this area. (duke.edu)
  • Transplantation of cells releasing γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) could be used to counteract the imbalance between ex-citation and inhibition within epileptic neuronal networks. (lu.se)
  • Toxic effects of glufosinate ammonium (GLA), a non-selective herbicide, on the brain of infantile rats was studied. (go.jp)
  • Data from in vitro and animal studies suggest that among the sources of antioxidants, phytochemicals in berry fruits ( e.g. , anthocyanin and caffeic acid) have a beneficial role in brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders because of their anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-proliferative properties (Youdim et al. (lww.com)
  • In this work we have found that C/EBPβ regulates C3 levels in rodents glial in vitro and in the rat Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in vivo following an inflammatory insult. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The dose, rate and technique to administer kainic acid were explained extensively to reflect a successful paraplegia and spinal cord injury in rats. (afpm.org.my)
  • Hence this protocol will help researchers to induce spinal cord injury in laboratories at extremely low cost and also will help to determine the necessary supplies, methods for producing SCI in rats and treatments designed to mitigate post-injury impairment. (afpm.org.my)
  • Early induction of secondary injury factors causing activation of calpain and mitochondria-mediated neuronal apoptosis following spinal cord injury in rats. (musc.edu)
  • Valproic acid induced differentiation and potentiated efficacy of taxol and nanotaxol for controlling growth of human glioblastoma LN18 and T98G cells. (musc.edu)
  • Arachidonic acid (AA) was identified as an ApoD ligand with a much better affinity than that of progesterone or pregnenolone. (wikipedia.org)
  • High choline intake during gestation and early postnatal development in rat and mouse models improves cognitive function in adulthood, prevents age-related memory decline, and protects the brain from the neuropathological changes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and neurological damage associated with epilepsy, fetal alcohol syndrome, and inherited conditions such as Down and Rett syndromes. (mdpi.com)
  • Moreover, DMF treatment reversed epilepsy-induced behavioral deficits in the treated rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A lithium chloride-pilocarpine-induced epilepsy rat model was established and treated with OXC alone, OXC. (bvsalud.org)
  • APOD was shown to be elevated in a rat model of stroke. (wikipedia.org)
  • The kainic acid (KA) excitotoxicity model is a convenient, low-cost, and highly reproducible animal model of SCI in the laboratory. (afpm.org.my)
  • Response elements to fatty acids, acute phase proteins, serum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, the present study was carried out to examine these mechanisms in aged animals by administering a control, 2 % SB- or 2 % BB-supplemented diet to aged Fischer 344 rats for 8 weeks to ascertain their effectiveness in reversing age-related deficits in behavioural and neuronal function. (cambridge.org)
  • Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Sonisamide has also been found to potentiate dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission but does not appear to potentiate syanptic activity by GABA (gamma amino butyric acid). (ncats.io)
  • The neuroprotective effects of berry fruits on neurodegenerative diseases are related to phytochemicals such as anthocyanin, caffeic acid, catechin, quercetin, kaempferol and tannin. (lww.com)
  • Quercetin and Sodium Butyrate Synergistically Increase Apoptosis in Rat C6 and Human T98G Glioblastoma Cells Through Inhibition of Autophagy. (musc.edu)
  • Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of a topical formulation containing both a Brazilian micronized propolis extract and a Peucedanum ostruthium leaf extract for the treatment of wounds created by surgical punch in rats. (blogspot.com)
  • The results showed that rats consuming the berry diets exhibited enhanced motor performance and improved cognition, specifically working memory. (cambridge.org)
  • The expression of Nrf2 and its related genes in vehicle or DMF treated rats were determined via RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The frequency of wet-dog shakes induced by kainic acid showed a significant decrease in all GLA-exposed rats, though there was no significant difference among three dose groups. (go.jp)