• Health risk assessment: Dermal and inhalation exposure and absorption of toxicants. (cdc.gov)
  • 2005. A physiologically based toxicokinetic model of inhalation exposure to xylenes in Caucasian men. (cdc.gov)
  • 1981. Production of discrete changes in dopamine and noradrenaline levels and turnover in various parts of the rat brain following exposure to xylene, ortho-, meta-, and para-xylene, and ethylbenzene. (cdc.gov)
  • No studies were located regarding lethality in humans or animals after inhalation exposure to thallium. (cdc.gov)
  • No studies were located in humans or animals regarding the effects on the respiratory, hematological, musculoskeletal, hepatic, renal, and dermal/ocular systems after inhalation exposure to thallium. (cdc.gov)
  • Propylene oxide caused tumors at or near the site of administration in rodents, causing nasal tumors after inhalation exposure (NTP, 1985). (cdc.gov)
  • A similar depression in peak N3 amplitude was observed following inhalation exposure to 1600 ppm p-xylene. (epa.gov)
  • The effects produced by oral administration of 500 mg/kg p-xylene or toluene lasted at least 8 hr, while the effect of inhaled p-xylene dissipated within 75 min of removal from the exposure. (epa.gov)
  • For the prevention of acute bronchospasm which follows exercise, exposure to cold, dry air, or environmental agents, the usual dose is two metered inhalations shortly before exposure to the precipitating factor, i.e., within 10 to 15 minutes but not more than 60 minutes. (globalrph.com)
  • Exposure is thus usually by inhalation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Maltoni's experiments clearly demonstrated that benzene is carcinogenic in Sprague-Dawley rats, Wistar rats, Swiss mice, and RF/J mice when administered by inhalation or ingestion. (nih.gov)
  • At postnatal day 21 (P21), Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to either an air-only group or a toluene group. (pucv.cl)
  • Wistar rats) [155], failed to influence food intake during a 1 h ad libitum feeding period, moderate to high doses of CBD (4.4 mg·kg −1 , i.p. [58]. (researchgate.net)
  • A repeated dose toxicity study in Wistar rats (90 day feeding study) according OECD Guideline 408 is available. (europa.eu)
  • Additional, a developmental/teratogenicity study with 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (CAS 37971-36-1) in Wistar rats equivalent or similar to OECD Guideline 414 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study) is available which is used for read-across. (europa.eu)
  • The present study aimed to determine the influence of orofacial pain in superficial and deep tissue on anxiety levels in male Wistar rats. (bvsalud.org)
  • Orofacial pain was induced by injecting 50 µ L of 1% formalin in the lip (superficial tissue) and in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) (deep tissue) of male Wistar rats. (bvsalud.org)
  • This disease is transmitted from animals to humans by the bite of infected fleas, direct contact, inhalation, and, rarely, ingestion of infective material. (cdc.gov)
  • Cyanide salts have been used to murder via ingestion, but mass casualties could also result from inhalation of hydrogen cyanide or cyanogen chloride, which are highly volatile liquids or gases at ambient temperatures. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Following intravenous administration, approximately one-half of the dose is excreted unchanged in the urine. (theodora.com)
  • After administration by inhalation, approximately 8% of the total cromolyn sodium dose administered is absorbed and rapidly excreted unchanged, approximately equally divided between urine and bile. (nih.gov)
  • Comparatively, absorption was greater and excretion more rapid in rats treated with 0.5 mg of 14 C-ETU/kg bw, where 96% of the dose was excreted in the urine and only 4.2% in the faeces within 3 days post-dosing. (inchem.org)
  • Peak mean plasma concentrations of radioactivity occurred after 4 hours in the 5 mg/kg bw dose and after 6 hours following administration of a single oral dose of 50 mg/kg bw, respectively. (inchem.org)
  • 1985). Absorption was studied in male CD rats treated dermally on their shaved backs with 14 C metiram at dose levels of 0.24 or 240 mg/kg bw equal to 0.004 or 4 mg/cm 2 , respectively. (inchem.org)
  • The majority of the administered dose was recovered from the treated skin of the rats. (inchem.org)
  • 1984). Biotransformation Rats Thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the urine of rats treated with 14 C-metiram as single oral doses of 5 or 50 mg/kg bw, and a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg bw of a 15 N-metiram and 14 C-metiram suspension (1:1 ratio), revealed eight principal radioactive components. (inchem.org)
  • The proportion of radioactive components in the bile of rats treated with a single oral dose of 14 C metiram at 10 mg/kg bw as separated by TLC were similar to those obtained in the urine. (inchem.org)
  • Whereas the oral median lethal dose of albuterol sulfate in mice and rats was greater than 2,000 mg/kg (approximately 6,600 and 13,000 times the maximum recommended daily inhalation dose, respectively, on a mg/m2 basis), the inhalational median lethal dose could not be determined. (wikidoc.org)
  • Because current knowledge of inhalational AMB is limited, a rigorous scientific approach is warranted to establish opt"1mal dose, frequency and durat"1on of administration. (eur.nl)
  • The study aimed to investigate any dose dependent toxic effects on the heart and brain of rats. (juniperpublishers.com)
  • From the study, the animals were observed to have increased agitation, restlessness, and violent tendencies within 20-30 minutes after each administration which was dose dependent. (juniperpublishers.com)
  • One international study that examined the results of rat and mouse LD50 (Lethal Dose 50%) tests for 50 chemicals found that these tests were able to predict toxicity in humans with only 65% accuracy. (choosecrueltyfree.org.au)
  • Nonetheless, PMN numbers were decreased in the lavage fluids when moderate or large inoculums of bacteria were instilled into depleted rats, although the PMN response appeared dose dependent. (clodrosome.com)
  • These findings showed that intrathecal administration of low-dose Dyn A (1-17) or DynA (1-13) increased antinociception under pretreatment with ACP, but without signs of allodynia in rat. (scirp.org)
  • On the other hand, oral administration of MSNs disturbed inflammatory factors and metabolites of ribose-5-phosphate, 6-phosphogluconate, GSSG, and NADP+ associated with the pentose phosphate pathway, glutathione synthesis and oxidative stress albeit to a lesser extent than intravenous injection despite the administration of a ten-fold greater dose. (frontiersin.org)
  • Long-Evans hooded rats were exposed to single doses of toluene (p.o.) at 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, to p-xylene (p.o.) at 0, 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, and to inhalation of p-xylene for 4 hrs at 0, 800 or 1600 ppm. (epa.gov)
  • each 14.2 g canister delivers at least 200 metered inhalations (100 doses). (globalrph.com)
  • Even after repeated oral and inhalation administration of low doses of nanoscale silver particles, no visible signs of any effects on the health of the test animals were observed. (nanowerk.com)
  • O'Shaughnessy and Moreau de Tours administered large amounts of hashish extracts to mice, rabbits and rats without producing any lethal effects. (unodc.org)
  • The intravenous LD 50 in rats and mice is in the vicinity of 30 and 40 mg/kg respectively with death occurring in 15 minutes. (unodc.org)
  • Diarrhea in mice, with in addition, tremor and lacrimation in rats were observed after intraperitoneal or intragastric administration. (unodc.org)
  • The animal data consist of oral, inhalation and subcutaneous studies in three strains of rats and two strains of mice. (cdc.gov)
  • Histopathological changes of renal tissue following sodium fluoride administration in two consecutive generations of mice. (fluoridealert.org)
  • Nasal tumors were induced in both rats and mice exposed to propylene oxide by inhalation. (cdc.gov)
  • The findings of cancer and other tumors in both rats and mice treated with propylene oxide meet the criteria established in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Cancer Policy (3) for regarding it as a potential occupational carcinogen. (cdc.gov)
  • DNA adducts of propylene oxide are formed in various organs of mice, rats and dogs. (who.int)
  • Rats given the chemical by gavage developed squamous cell carcinomas in the forestomach. (cdc.gov)
  • This study demonstrated the carcinogenic potential of the test material in a variety of organs when administered by gavage to rats. (europa.eu)
  • The administration of the test substance was carried out by oral gavage. (europa.eu)
  • The objective of our pilot study was to determine whether ultrafine elemental carbon particles translocate to the liver and other extrapulmonary organs following inhalation as singlet particles by rats. (cdc.gov)
  • Studies conducted with rats show that after single oral administration, silver nanoparticles to a certain degree overcome the intestinal barrier, enter the blood stream and notably spread in the spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs as well as, to a lesser extent, in other organs. (nanowerk.com)
  • An increased incidence of tumours was reported in multiple tissues, such as the mesothelial tissues (tunica vaginalis of the testis, epididymis, abdominal wall or surface of abdominal organs), skin (subcutaneous tissues), mammary gland, liver and lungs, in rats exposed via the diet. (gc.ca)
  • Thus, the NOAEL is equal or higher than 5000 ppm (equivalent to about 424 mg/kg bw for male rats and 632 mg/kg bw for female rats). (europa.eu)
  • 1000 mg/kg bw/d in a three-generation reproduction toxicity study of male and female rats, DePass (1986). (europa.eu)
  • Assessing the effect of EG on fertility and general reproductive performance in male and female rats. (europa.eu)
  • Crj:CD (SD strain) SPF male and female rats 8 weeks old were purchased from Nippon Charles River Co., Ltd., and quarantined for 14 days. (europa.eu)
  • The administration period for the female rats began 14 days before mating and continued until after the first 3 days of nursing. (europa.eu)
  • Inhalation: If working in enclosed spaces or if airborne dust concentrations are high, wear a NIOSH approved respirator with an organic vapor (OV) cartridge or canister with any R, P, N or HE prefilter. (pdffox.com)
  • The half-life of elimination is about 2 hours after inhalation or intravenous administration. (theodora.com)
  • Furthermore, because of the insolubility of pure cannabinoid compounds in water, their intravenous administration in animals requires the addition of solvents such as tween, alcohol, ethylene glycol, which have to be taken into account. (unodc.org)
  • The treatment with H2S could be achieved by inhalation of H2S or administration of NaHS by intravenous injection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Omics data suggested intravenous administration of MSNs perturbed the following metabolites: succinate, hypoxanthine, GSSG, NADP+, NADPH and 6-phosphogluconic acid. (frontiersin.org)
  • Overall, systematic biological data suggested that intravenous injection of nanoparticles of pharmaceutical excipients substantially affected hepatic metabolism function and induced oxidative stress and inflammation, whereas oral administration exhibited milder effects compared with intravenous injection. (frontiersin.org)
  • There are few data in humans on the cardiovascular effects of thallium following inhalation. (cdc.gov)
  • This strategy simulated common toluene abuse in humans, which consists of 15-20 rapid inhalations of highly concentrated solvent. (pucv.cl)
  • There is also evidence of variation in toxicity between rat species. (unodc.org)
  • Thus, benzene was shown to be a multipotential carcinogen that produced cancers in several species of animals by various routes of administration. (nih.gov)
  • Forty to 80 rats are usually used per chemical and/or 32 dogs can be used as a second 'non-rodent' species. (choosecrueltyfree.org.au)
  • It was not until 20 years after the 1978 FDA memo that methanol was first tested again and found to cause neural tube birth defects in rats 626 and eventually in many other species of laboratory animal. (wnho.net)
  • Hermo and coworkers [ 8 ] conducted studies on rat CDs, and in these species, the droplet comprises of lamellae and small vesicles unlike structural components of the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present study investigated the effects of toluene inhalation and the restorative effects of melatonin on branching and basal dendritic outgrowth of superficial pyramidal neurons in rat's frontal, parietal, and occipital cortices. (pucv.cl)
  • The results obtained revealed that (i) toluene inhalation significantly reduced dendritic outgrowth and branching in all cortical areas studied, and (ii) intraperitoneal administration of melatonin (0.5-10. (pucv.cl)
  • As an example, acute inhalation MRLs may not be protective for health effects that are delayed in development or are acquired following repeated acute insults, such as hypersensitivity reactions, asthma, or chronic bronchitis. (cdc.gov)
  • Toxicological studies Acute toxicity studies Acute toxicity studies with technical metiram have been performed in the rat and mouse, the results of which are summarized in Table 1. (inchem.org)
  • The study used as source investigated acute toxicity (oral) to rat. (europa.eu)
  • Notable human health toxicity effects identified from human and/or animal studies include respiratory cancer, non-cancer toxicity effects following inhalation, dermatitis, and reproductive effects. (mdpi.com)
  • We combine the cecal ligation and puncture method to induce sepsis with the use of a central venous line for fluids, drugs and nutrient administration to mimic the human clinical setting. (jove.com)
  • Routinely used medications have many potential interactions with drugs used during surgery, but few situations prohibit concurrent administration. (medscape.com)
  • 2005. Effect of methyl substitution of benzene in the percutaneous absorption and skin irritation in hairless rats. (cdc.gov)
  • Alterations in drug metabolising enzymes and lipid peroxidation in different rat tissues by fluoride. (fluoridealert.org)
  • The brain and heart were excised after dissecting the rats and the tissues were collected for histology. (juniperpublishers.com)
  • MIP-2 mRNA expression, as detected by Northern analysis, was also decreased in the infected lungs of depleted rats, and the lavage fluid from these rats had significantly decreased chemotactic activity. (clodrosome.com)
  • There has been tremendous success in the use of lipid nanoparticles in the administration of the mRNA SARs-CoV-2 vaccine internationally for COVID-19 [10]. (trillium.de)
  • If improvement occurs, it will ordinarily occur within the first 4 weeks of administration as manifested by a decrease in the severity of clinical symptoms of asthma, or in the need for concomitant therapy, or both. (globalrph.com)
  • For management of bronchial asthma in adults and pediatric patients (5 years of age and over) who are able to use the Inhaler, the usual starting dosage is two metered inhalations four times daily at regular intervals. (globalrph.com)
  • Patients with chronic asthma should be advised that the effect of Intal Inhaler therapy is dependent upon its administration at regular intervals, as directed. (globalrph.com)
  • In compliance with the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee guidelines at UT Austin, researchers administered remdesivir to rats through dry powder inhalation. (utexas.edu)
  • Occasionally, patients may experience cough and/or bronchospasm following inhalation of cromolyn sodium. (nih.gov)
  • At times, patients who develop bronchospasm may not be able to continue cromolyn sodium administration despite prior bronchodilator administration. (nih.gov)
  • Cyanides are also products of combustion of numerous household and industrial contents, and patients with smoke inhalation may also have cyanide poisoning. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Anxiety response was significantly reduced by Diazepam ® administration (1 mg/kg) before the formalin injection to lip/TMJ. (bvsalud.org)
  • The 13C retained in the lung at 0.5 h postexposure was about 70% less than predicted by rat deposition models for ultrafine particles, and did not change significantly during the 24-h postexposure period. (cdc.gov)
  • One of our dry powder formulations had very low plasma concentration of remdesivir following administration to the lung, meaning that remdesivir stayed in the lung where the infection is primarily located. (utexas.edu)
  • Metabolite patterns were determined for kidney and liver extracts from rats treated with 14 C metiram at 5 mg/kg bw for 7 days. (inchem.org)
  • The results suggest that the orofacial nociceptive response induced by the injection of 1% formalin in the lip or TMJ region increases the anxiety level in rats and that Diazepam ® can reduce it. (bvsalud.org)
  • Male rats were exposed to 3D-printer emissions (592g particulate/m(3) air) or filtered air for 4h/day (d), 4days/week and total exposures lengths were 1, 4, 8, 15 or 30days. (cdc.gov)
  • In a previous study, the RVD-hemopressin-α, an endogenous anorexigenic peptide, proved to be a negative allosteric modulator of CB1 [43] and to inhibit hypothalamic NE levels following peripheral administration despite being ineffective against DA and 5-HT levels [30]. (researchgate.net)
  • In this study, toxic effects of cannabis on the heart and brain of rat were investigated. (juniperpublishers.com)
  • Thirty (30) rats with average weights 150-200g were used for the study. (juniperpublishers.com)
  • This study showed no structural changes in the heart after administration of cannabis for the study period. (juniperpublishers.com)
  • The purpose of the present study was to evaluate antinociceptive potency and toxicity with i.t. administration of Dyn A (1-17), Dyn A (1-13), or Dyn A (1-6) under pretreatment with ACP and/or DCE inhibitor p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (PHMB) in rat spinal cord under physiological conditions. (scirp.org)
  • The goal of this study was to determine if inhalation of particulate and/or toxic chemicals generated during printing with polycarbonate (PC) plastic affected the neuroendocrine system. (cdc.gov)
  • This study investigated the inhalation toxicity of the emissions from 3-D printing with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament using an air-liquid interface (ALI) in vitro model. (cdc.gov)
  • Compared to I/R injury groups, H 2 S pretreatment had reduced spinal cord infarct zone, improved hind motor function in rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In rat model of I/R injury, pretreatment of pre-miR-30c or 3-MA (an inhibitor for autophagy) can abrogated spinal cord protective effect of H2S. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Under the experimental conditions, the test item is considered to have no maternal and embryonic toxic effects and no teratogenic effects in rats. (europa.eu)
  • Does inhalation of AMB exert any adverse effects? (eur.nl)
  • Here, I briefly discuss the need for more stringent considerations for EV-therapeutic effects with a focus on EV biodistribution profiles in appropriate disease models and routes of EV administration with a particular focus on the vasculature. (trillium.de)
  • Whole-body autoradiography of these rats confirmed the results of the quantitative tissue distributions. (inchem.org)
  • Results from a lab in The University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy show that dry powder inhalation could be a potent and effective delivery method of remdesivir, the only antiviral drug currently used to treat SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. (utexas.edu)
  • The results show that remdesivir, when delivered through dry powder inhalation and after undergoing the thin-film-freezing process, reported antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. (utexas.edu)
  • The volume administered was 5 mL per kg of body weight, and it was calculated based on the results of body weight measured on the day closest to the day of administration. (europa.eu)
  • Tudorza Pressair (aclidinium bromide) inhalation powder is an anticholinergic indicated for the long-term maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema . (rxlist.com)
  • TUDORZA PRESSAIR consists of a dry powder formulation of aclidinium bromide for oral inhalation only. (rxlist.com)
  • Recent live subject research corroborates the group's initial thoughts about the efficacy of remdesivir administration through dry powder inhalation. (utexas.edu)
  • The F1 and F2 rats were treated as described for the F0 animals until approximately 100 days of age, at which time the animals were cohabited. (europa.eu)
  • The administration was started when the animals were 10 weeks old, and the mean body weight (body weight range) of males at the start of administration was 400.3 g (374-431 g), and that of females was 226.5 g (192-255 g). (europa.eu)
  • Rats depleted of alveolar macrophages were then anesthetized, and either 5 x 10 6 colony-forming units (CFU) or 5 x 10 7 CFU of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were instilled into the airspaces of these animals. (clodrosome.com)