Ratio cardiovascular disease waist circumference measures abdominal. Medical search. Frequent questions

More than twenty-five years ago, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was first suggested as a simple health risk assessment tool because it is a proxy for 'harmful' central adiposity and a boundary value of 0.5 was proposed to indicate increased risk. (wikipedia.org)
The October 2022 NICE guidelines have suggested boundary values for WHtR (defining the degree of central adiposity) as follows: healthy central adiposity: waist-to-height ratio 0.4 to 0.49, indicating no increased health risks increased central adiposity: waist-to-height ratio 0.5 to 0.59, indicating increased health risks high central adiposity: waist-to-height ratio 0.6 or more, indicating further increased health risks. (wikipedia.org)
The health risks associated with higher levels of central adiposity include type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. (wikipedia.org)
WHtR is a proxy for central (visceral or abdominal) adiposity: values of WHtR are significantly correlated with direct measures of central (visceral or abdominal) adiposity using techniques such as CT, MRI or DEXA. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to significantly improving LDL and total cholesterol , snacking on almonds instead of muffins also reduced central adiposity (belly fat), a well-established heart disease risk factor. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Separate and combined associations of body-mass index and abdominal adiposity with cardiovascular disease: collaborative analysis of 58 prospective studies. (ox.ac.uk)
BACKGROUND: Guidelines differ about the value of assessment of adiposity measures for cardiovascular disease risk prediction when information is available for other risk factors. (ox.ac.uk)
Serial adiposity assessments were used to calculate regression dilution ratios. (ox.ac.uk)
Findings were similar when adiposity measures were considered in combination. (ox.ac.uk)
Waist circumference measures the accumulation of fat around the abdominal area (central adiposity). (medicscientist.com)
Central adiposity (excess fat around the waist) is known to be more detrimental to health than fat distributed in other areas of the body. (puredripiv.com)
However, abdominal adiposity may be more predictive of CVD risk than BMI. (cdc.gov)
Abdominal adiposity is a risk factor for obesity-related complications, and there is increasing evidence that abdominal adiposity may be a contributing factor to complications not related to adiposity at the waist (4,5). (cdc.gov)
Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, and waist circumference are commonly used measures for estimating abdominal adiposity (6,7). (cdc.gov)
Age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), apolipoprotein B (APOB), Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), hip circumference (HC), and plasma arteriosclerosis index (AIP) are important predictors of ASCVD in the rural population of Xinjiang. (biomedcentral.com)
It is well established that abdominal adiposity is a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality independent of BMI ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Among the indicators of central adiposity, the waist-to-height ratio (WHR) has been shown to be more sensitive for predicting future health hazards than waist circumference alone. (bvsalud.org)
An important related aspect is that, during the menopausal transition, women develop increased adiposity mainly at the waist. (imsociety.org)
Objective-- To investigate the associations between long work hours and adiposity measures in police officers. (cdc.gov)
Adiposity measures were not associated with work hours among women on any shift. (cdc.gov)
Our study supports dietary incorporation of dairy products, and recognises the utility of multidimensional measures of central adiposity. (nyu.edu)
It has been suggested that the CVD risk resulting from an elevated waist circumference may be a marker of excess intra-abdominal (visceral) adiposity, which is predictive of insulin resistance and a pro-atherogenic, thrombotic, and inflammatory profile [7]. (myhealthywaist.org)
One of them, titled 'Association of plasma vitamin D levels with adiposity in Hispanic and African Americans,' and which was published in the journal Anticancer Research in 2005, found that vitamin D levels were inversely associated with adiposity in Hispanics and African-Americans, including abdominal obesity. (nutritruth.org)

It is suggested that until the epidemic progression of obesity is stopped and obesity prevented or at least properly managed, cardiologists will be confronted to an evolving contribution of risk factors where smoking, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension may be relatively less prevalent but at the expense of a much greater contribution of abdominal obesity and related features of the metabolic syndrome. (researchgate.net)
As a result, it contributes to increased health risks such as cardiovascular diseases, stroke, diabetes, hypertension and musculoskeletal injuries, negatively impacting physical readiness. (af.mil)
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia are common in patients with DM, placing them at increased risk for cardiac events [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Excess weight strains the cardiovascular system, increasing hypertension risk, which then accelerates diabetes complications. (sdgln.com)
The aim of our study was to demonstrate a correlation between waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) in patients with metabolic syndrome in relation with hypertension, lipid disorders, and carbohydrate disorders. (hindawi.com)
The aim of our study was to demonstrate a correlation between waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) in patients with metabolic syndrome in relation to hypertension, lipid disorders, such as atherogenic dyslipidaemia, and carbohydrate disorders, such as impaired fasting glucose or diabetes mellitus type 2. (hindawi.com)
Circumference With Hypertension and Diabetes in African American Women, South Carolina, 2007-2009. (cdc.gov)
After controlling for all variables, waist circumference was independently associated with a 5-fold risk in hypertension and diabetes in African American women. (cdc.gov)
Obesity is associated with hypertension and diabetes, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) (1). (cdc.gov)
We hypothesize that the risk of hypertension and diabetes would be higher for women with larger waist circumference, independent of sociodemographic and health-related variables. (cdc.gov)
Sleep apnea, chronic kidney disease, obesity, or renal artery stenosis are other causes of secondary hypertension. (msdmanuals.com)
Methods: Metabolic syndrome is ≥3 of the following: hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertension, abdominal obesity, and high serum glucose. (natap.org)
Cardiovascular risk factors were defi ned as high fasting total cholesterol, high low density lipoprotein, low high density lipoprotein, high triglycerides, and systolic or diastolic hypertension. (pharmapdf.com)
Ruano Nieto CI, Melo Perez JD, Mogrovejo Freire LE, De Paula Morales KR, Espinoza Romero CV (2015) Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Young University Students from Quito, Ecuador. (peertechzpublications.org)
Hypertension is the most common chronic non-contagious disease. (peertechzpublications.org)
Nowadays, high blood pressure (hypertension) is the most common non-contagious chronic disease worldwide [1]. (peertechzpublications.org)
Multivariate analysis (after correction for sex, age, family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and dyslipidaemia) showed that waist circumference/height ratio and IGF-I SDS were the only variables independently correlated with the presence of retinopathy. (biomedcentral.com)
Family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension or dyslipidaemia in first- and second-degree relatives was also investigated (positive/negative). (biomedcentral.com)

After further adjustment for baseline systolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, and total and HDL cholesterol, corresponding HRs were 1.07 (1.03-1.11) with BMI, 1.10 (1.05-1.14) with waist circumference, and 1.12 (1.08-1.15) with waist-to-hip ratio. (ox.ac.uk)
INTERPRETATION: BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio, whether assessed singly or in combination, do not importantly improve cardiovascular disease risk prediction in people in developed countries when additional information is available for systolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, and lipids. (ox.ac.uk)
The authors found that increased waist circumference raised the risk of CHD, while increased hip girth seemed to confer some protection against CHD after adjustment for body mass index (BMI), age, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, cigarette smoking, physical activity, and alcohol intake. (myhealthywaist.org)

As a consequence, there has also been a marked increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes all over the world and this chronic metabolic disease is now considered as a coronary heart disease risk equivalent. (researchgate.net)
All of the above-mentioned disorders contribute to metabolic syndrome and are related to the development of type 2 diabetes and ischaemic heart disease. (hindawi.com)
But when diagnoses of type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or fatty liver are given to skinny people the first question is usually, "Why? (lightbearers.org)
An individual with a 1.0 ratio has a two-fold greater risk of all-cause mortality than an individual with a 0.8 ratio, as well as increased risk of cardiovascular disease and/or type-2 diabetes. (lightbearers.org)
Abdominal obesity has been linked to increased risk for coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes , so health care professionals may measure waist circumference to determine whether you are at risk. (dignityhealth.org)
Having a higher than normal BMI value increases your risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. (docbrown.info)

Sex differences in coronary artery disease (CAD) presentation, risk factors and prognosis have been widely studied. (bvsalud.org)
Post-mortem analyses of coronary arteries have indicated that obesity (associated with a high accumulation of abdominal fat measured at autopsy) was predictive of earlier and greater extent of large vessels atherosclerosis as well as increase of coronary fatty streaks. (researchgate.net)
Metabolic syndrome linked to abdominal obesity is also predictive of recurrent coronary events both in post-myocardial infarction patients and among coronary artery disease men who underwent a revascularization procedures. (researchgate.net)
An association between shift work and coronary heart disease has been shown. (bmj.com)
in particular, MS gives an almost twice increased risk for coronary heart disease, 2 a two- to threefold increased risk for future ischaemic stroke 3 and an even greater risk for diabetes. (bmj.com)
After a median follow-up of 17.9 years, there were 291 cases of CVD (coronary heart disease [CHD], stroke, or the combination of both). (imsociety.org)
Coronary heart disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among adults in both North America and Europe. (dan.org)
The most common manifestations of acquired (rather than congenital) cardiovascular disease are coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral artery disease. (dan.org)
they include coronary artery disease, kidney disease, congestive heart failure, eye problems and cerebrovascular disease. (dan.org)
In an issue of Circulation published last December [2], investigators of the EPIC-Norfolk study reported results of a careful investigation of the relationship of waist and hip circumferences to coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence. (myhealthywaist.org)
Childhood obesity has been correlated with coronary heart disease, but the correlation with microvascular disease remains unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study is a prospective, multicenter cohort study designed to investigate trends and determinants of coronary heart disease risk factors in young adults. (medscape.com)
This pathologic process causes coronary heart disease and the need for coronary artery bypass surgery, which is what I do. (lewrockwell.com)
A hundred years ago less than one in one hundred Americans were obese and coronary heart disease was unknown. (lewrockwell.com)
Now, a century later, the two most common causes of death are coronary heart disease and cancer, which account for 75 percent of all deaths in this country. (lewrockwell.com)
In 1948, government-funded investigators began following some 5,000 men and women in Framingham, Massachusetts to see who developed coronary heart disease. (lewrockwell.com)

The relative storage between abdominal and lower-body subcutaneous adipose tissue depots is approximated by the waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (WHRadjBMI). (bvsalud.org)
Areas of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were calculated using computed tomography imaging. (go.jp)
Abdominal fat is both the adipose tissue found just under the skin's surface and VAT combined. (lightbearers.org)
It has been suggested that high ABSI relates to a greater fraction of abdominal adipose tissue and appears to be a significant risk factor for premature death [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Other names for belly fat include abdominal fat and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). (elementsofhealthcare.com)

In only 22% of the studies, body fat was directly measured by methods such as dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. (cdc.gov)
Blood work and body composition measurements (as measured by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry scans) were taken at the start of the study and at the end of each diet period. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can accurately measure body composition with high-precision, low X-ray exposure, and short-scanning time. (elsevierpure.com)
25 kg/m2), no known cardiovascular disease (CVD), and for whom data was available on body composition, as determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). (imsociety.org)
Researchers conducted a prospective cohort using 806 individuals from the Prognostic Indicator of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events (PROOF) study who underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. (endocrinologyadvisor.com)

It says that saturated and trans fats increase your risk of heart disease and stroke. (wholeplantfoods.info)
That means that the shape of your body might predict whether or not you're at risk of developing problems such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and issues relating to high cholesterol like heart disease and other common vascular related diseases such as in your kidneys, or a health crisis incident, like a stroke or heart attack. (plantimize.com)
With the increase in aging and cardiovascular risk factors, the morbidity and mortality of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), represented by ischemic heart disease and stroke, continue to rise in China. (biomedcentral.com)
It produces various hormones that greatly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack or stroke. (aeris.de)
The additional weight increases your risk for metabolic disorders such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, insulin resistance and diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and stroke. (dignityhealth.org)
A meta-analysis of seven randomized controlled trials that measured levels of serum cholesterol levels and assessed cardiovascular events found that people who ate a low-fat diet for 8 weeks had a 19 percent lower cardiovascular risk (rate of heart attack, stroke, and heart failure) than those who ate a high-fat diet. (kineticcricket.com)
High blood pressure is an important risk factor for premature mortality and contributes to the development of heart disease, stroke and kidney failure. (peertechzpublications.org)
High blood pressure is a major risk factor for premature disability and mortality, it directly contributes to the development of heart disease, stroke and renal failure [1,5]. (peertechzpublications.org)
Individuals with prior myocardial infarction, stroke , and history of congestive heart disease were excluded from the study. (endocrinologyadvisor.com)
Stroke Abdominal obesity appears to predict the risk of stroke in men. (slideserve.com)

For instance, as a rule of thumb, we often mention that a weight loss of 1 kg is associated with a reduction in waist circumference of approximately 1 cm. (myhealthywaist.org)
In the women's study, the treatment group received two tablespoons of coconut oil (30 ml), daily, over a period of 12 weeks, resulting in both a reduction in waist circumference, as well as a boost in their 'good' HDL cholesterol levels. (nutritruth.org)

Blood pressure, anthropometrics, and biochemical indices were measured. (hindawi.com)
This has led to an increasing evidence for abdominal obesity indices such as waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as predictors of CVD [ 16 , 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, we explored the association between DXA-derived abdominal VF and several other indices for obesity: BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and DXA-derived total abdominal fat (AF), and SF. (elsevierpure.com)
BMI, waist circumference and trunk fat were among the indices that were most significantly associated with metabolic syndrome. (endocrinologyadvisor.com)

Some assessments including anthropometric assessment, casual blood pressure measurement, and ankle-brachial index have an established clinical application while others including pulse wave velocity, heart rate variability, and carotid intima-media thickness have no established application and do not have reference values for healthy Brazilian population but may be important predictors of cardiovascular outcomes. (scielosp.org)
Although both abdominal fat and low CRF are significant predictors of health risk, the independent contribution of these two factors is not firmly established. (diabetesjournals.org)
Of interest, measures of abdominal obesity were not independent predictors of prediabetes in adjusted models. (medscape.com)

There are some differences among ethnicities though, Asians, generally, have lower waist circumference measurements, so to get a deeper assessment consider the following measures to go a bit further. (plantimize.com)
These analyses suggest that higher consumption of low-fat yogurt is associated with lower visceral and intermuscular fat in the whole sample, and women with higher dairy intake have lower waist circumference. (nyu.edu)

It is used as a predictor of obesity-related cardiovascular disease. (wikipedia.org)
The finding that waist circumference was a predictor of CHD incidence confirms the powerful impact this index of abdominal obesity has on CVD risk. (myhealthywaist.org)

Those factors increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases of atherosclerotic etiology and diabetes mellitus type 2 [ 1 , 5 - 9 ], which are the main cause of premature deaths among most of the European and US population [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)

Obesity is previously shown to be associated with increased rates of dyslipidemia and other cardiovascular risk factors [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Most of the previous works studied the association of dyslipidemia with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) [ 2 - 6 ], which are commonly considered as the valid measures of obesity [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
4 for future cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including hyperten- The prevalence of obesity among children appears to be sion and dyslipidemia. (pharmapdf.com)

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), which mostly involves heart attacks and strokes caused by atherosclerosis, is one of the main causes of death worldwide [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Background: Flight and cabin crew are known to be at increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). (scirp.org)

Recently, Ross and Katzmarzyk ( 7 ) reported that for a given BMI, individuals with high CRF had lower abdominal skinfold thickness and waist circumference compared with individuals with lower CRF, independent of sex. (diabetesjournals.org)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (cdc.gov)
In nearly every circumstance, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that nursing mothers continue to breastfeed their babies despite the potential presence of environmental contaminants (AAP 2019, ATSDR 2021). (cdc.gov)

the significance of abdominal obesity (and therefore waist measurement) has also been recognised in the IDF classification for metabolic syndrome. (gpnotebook.com)
Waist-to-Hip Ratio is a measurement that assesses the distribution of fat in the body by dividing the waist circumference by the hip circumference. (puredripiv.com)
In simple terms, get this measurement by measuring the fattest area around your waist. (plantimize.com)
Measurement 1 is waist circumference. (lightbearers.org)
Measurement 2 is measuring hip circumference and dividing that into waist circumference. (lightbearers.org)
To identify abdominal obesity, BMI monitoring must be followed by waist circumference measurement. (gurze.com)
Moreover, through this measurement, we can predict cardiovascular death independent of BMI (which is based on height and weight). (elementsofhealthcare.com)
According to experts, you should measure both your abdominal measurement and BMI during regular healthcare visits. (elementsofhealthcare.com)

BACKGROUND: Excess fat in the abdomen is a sexually dimorphic risk factor for cardio-metabolic disease. (bvsalud.org)
WHtR measures excess fat distribution in the abdominal region and is calculated by dividing waist circumference by height. (af.mil)
Excess fat distribution in the abdominal region is associated with increased health risk. (af.mil)
Excess fat in the abdominal region impairs the body's responsiveness to insulin. (af.mil)
Excess weight, especially abdominal fat, alters hormone and cytokine signaling, creating a chronic inflammatory state and insulin resistance. (sdgln.com)
Excess abdominal fat can be a health hazard. (gurze.com)
When exposed to a surplus of calories, those of us who accumulate excess energy in lower body subcutaneous fat appear to be at lower risk of CHD, while those who cannot efficiently clear and store the energy in peripheral depots build up their intra-abdominal fat stores and increase their ectopic fat, a process leading to atherogenic metabolic disturbances that increase CHD risk. (myhealthywaist.org)
Additionally, a study published in 2011 and published in the journal of Clinical Nutrition showed that weight cycling , i.e. the yo-yo diet, is associated with body weight excess and abdominal fat accumulation. (nutritruth.org)

A person's waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), occasionally written WtHR or called waist-to-stature ratio (WSR), is defined as their waist circumference divided by their height, both measured in the same units. (wikipedia.org)
The WHtR is a measure of the distribution of body fat. (wikipedia.org)
Boundary values were first suggested for WHtR in 1996 to reflect health implications and were portrayed on a simple chart of waist circumference against height. (wikipedia.org)
WHtR is an indicator of 'early health risk': several systematic reviews and meta-analyses of data in adults of all ages, as well as in children and adolescents, have supported the superiority of WHtR over the use of BMI and waist circumference in predicting early health risk. (wikipedia.org)
You can also compare the abdominal girth with the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (abdominal girth divided by hip girth) and also the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (abdominal girth divided by height). (aeris.de)

Evidence from the conducted studies has revealed that abdominal obesity (assessed based on the waist circumference) plays a very important role in the development of metabolic disorders and in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. (hindawi.com)
Some studies have even revealed that abdominal obesity, known clinically as central obesity, and which is measured by the hip-to-waist ratio, may be more important than blood lipids, i.e. 'cholesterol,' and being an active smoker , in determining your risk of heart attack. (nutritruth.org)

The expanded intra-abdominal fat depot acts as a large "endocrine gland" that becomes inflamed and generates an insulin resistant and pro-inflammatory state that helps increase CHD risk. (myhealthywaist.org)

Using Framingham risk scores, 61% of the subjects had elevated 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), with no significant difference in gender prevalence. (hindawi.com)
Aims: Obesity is a risk factor for several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including atrial fibrillation (AF). (lu.se)

Despite no differences in body weight or total fat mass, the almond diet significantly reduced abdominal fat mass, waist circumference and leg fat mass compared to the diet with the muffin snack. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The western dietary pattern, obesity, high body fat, high waist or hip circumference, and high waist-to-hip ratio were significantly associated with increased odds ratios of high CRP and NLR in both genders. (biomedcentral.com)
High systolic or diastolic blood pressure (BP), low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), high low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high total cholesterol (TC), high serum triglycerides (TG), and high fasting blood glucose (FBG) were significantly correlated with increased odds ratios of high CRP in both genders. (biomedcentral.com)
Low HDL-C, high LDL-C, high serum TG, and high FBG were significantly associated with increased odds ratios of high NLR in both genders. (biomedcentral.com)
0.001) were significantly correlated with increased odds ratios of high NLR only in men. (biomedcentral.com)
Results: After adjustment for multiple risk factors, the risk of AF was significantly increased in the 4th versus 1st quartile of weight (HR for men/women = 2.02/1.93), BMI (HR = 1.62/1.52), waist circumference (HR = 1.67/1.63), waist to hip ratio (HR = 1.30/1.24), waist to height ratio (1.37/1.39) and body fat percentage (HR = 1.21/1.45) in men/women. (lu.se)
Contrary to what one may assume, research has found that removing as much as 20 pounds of fat with liposuction did not significantly alter insulin sensitivity, did not lower levels of inflammation, and did not significantly alter other risk factors for heart disease. (lightbearers.org)
Conclusion-- Working longer hours was significantly associated with larger waist circumferences and higher body mass index among male police officers working the midnight shift. (cdc.gov)
For instance, the INTERHEART study comparing myocardial infarction cases with asymptomatic controls has clearly shown that an increased proportion of abdominal fat, as reflected by a high waist-to-hip circumference ratio, significantly increases the odds ratio for myocardial infarction [3]. (myhealthywaist.org)

Innovative approaches were developed for assessing the ankle-brachial index using an automatic device instead of the mercury column to measure blood pressure and for assessing the anterior-posterior diameter of the right lobe of the liver by ultrasound for quantitative assessment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (scielosp.org)
The ELSA was designed based on the cohort model: subjects are required to attend visits at the Investigation Center (IC) for the assessment of clinical or subclinical parameters at baseline including diseases of interest. (scielosp.org)
Some assessments including anthropometric assessment, casual blood pressure (BP) measure, and ankle-brachial index (ABI) have established clinical application. (scielosp.org)
How does waist circumference influence clinical assessment of obesity? (gpnotebook.com)
The Department of the Air Force is establishing new Body Composition Program standards for Airmen and Guardians after the abdominal circumference was removed from the Air Force-specific Physical Fitness Assessment in 2020. (af.mil)
Considerable attention has been given to waist circumference as a complementary (10) and, in some cases, superior (8) assessment to BMI. (cdc.gov)
Thus, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) recommends to country members to use routinely homogeneous cardiovascular likelihood management recommendations and ASCVD likelihood estimate scores in aeromedical risk assessment to help alleviating morbidity and mortality in aeronautical setting (area). (scirp.org)

Risk factors for metabolic diseases and mortality are raised in these subjects. (wikipedia.org)
Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study was initi- disease (CVD) since the mid-1970s, this ated in 1998 to determine the risk factors of is still the primary cause of morbidity and arteriosclerosis among the urban population mortality in many countries [ 1,2 ]. (who.int)
In 2012, 15 years after the first and mortality from many noncommu- ganization (WHO), recognizing the Expert Consultation on Obesity was nicable diseases (NCDs). (who.int)

Measuring waist circumference can be a simple yet effective method to evaluate health risks. (puredripiv.com)
By understanding the risks involved with the disease and how it's diagnosed, we can start to take steps to combat it and lead a healthier life. (dignityhealth.org)
1), various cardiovascular risks. (imsociety.org)

Measures of overall weight (BMI, weight) were slightly more predictive than measures of abdominal obesity (waist hip ratio and waist height ratio) both in men and women. (lu.se)
In obese individuals, the concentration of fat in the abdominal region is a predictive marker for future health problems. (bvsalud.org)
concentration of fat in the abdominal region has a Obesity and even overweight are generally higher predictive sensitivity for diseases and health not difficult to recognise, but a more accurate problems. (bvsalud.org)

However, even in the absence of the hyperglycaemic state which characterizes type 2 diabetic patients, non diabetic individuals with a specific form of obesity, named abdominal obesity, often show clustering metabolic abnormalities which include high triglyceride levels, increased apolipoprotein B, small dense low density lipoproteins and decreased high density lipoproteins-cholesterol levels, a hyperinsulinemic-insulin resistant state, alterations in coagulation factors as well as an inflammatory profile. (researchgate.net)
Diabetes is a disease in which the body fails to properly use insulin. (wholeplantfoods.info)
The expression of miR-221-3p was positively correlated with body weight, BMI and waist circumference, and negatively correlated with quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. (unav.edu)
Without sufficient insulin or insulin sensitivity, blood glucose levels become elevated, leading to complications like nerve damage, kidney disease, vision loss, and cardiovascular disease if uncontrolled. (sdgln.com)
Visceral abdominal fat appears most metabolically active in driving insulin resistance through these pathways. (sdgln.com)
Waist circumference and waist-hip ratio better estimate abdominal obesity driving insulin resistance. (sdgln.com)
As a result, the immune cells and fat cells produce pro-inflammatory substances that end up driving disease and insulin resistance. (lightbearers.org)

Individuals with a higher muscle mass, such as athletes and bodybuilders, may fall into the overweight or obese categories, even though they have low body fat and excellent cardiovascular health. (puredripiv.com)
These factors were compared between obese and overweight children and their correlations with body mass index and other measures of obesity were tested. (pharmapdf.com)
A total of 81.9% of obese children and 75.4% of overweight children had at least one cardiovascular risk factor. (pharmapdf.com)
The high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese children and positive correlation of these factors with severity of obesity emphasizes the need for prevention and control of childhood obesity from early stages. (pharmapdf.com)
However, the analysis shows that obese people with low levels of abdominal fat have a lower risk of heart problems. (elementsofhealthcare.com)

This agglomeration of abnormalities has been referred to as the metabolic syndrome which can be identified by the presence of three of the five following variables: abdominal obesity, elevated triglyceride concentrations, low HDL-cholesterol levels, increased blood pressure and elevated fasting glucose. (researchgate.net)
Cardiovascular health score was defined by the American Heart Association as a composite score of 7 key risk factors (smoking status, physical activity, diet, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose) with 0 to 2 points for each factor. (unav.edu)
Cholesterol profiles and abdominal fat, body weight, and muscle mass. (zmescience.com)
Improve cholesterol levels Cholesterol is usually considered the 'bad' cholesterol because it is highly involved in heart disease, particularly when high amounts are consumed, the best protein powder for fat loss. (kineticcricket.com)
However, research shows that high intakes of cholesterol may have even greater risk of cardiovascular disease than previously thought. (kineticcricket.com)
Preventive Services Task Force found that reducing cholesterol intake from a mean of 250 to 230 mg per 100 ounces of red meat was the primary preventive measure for heart disease. (kineticcricket.com)
According to the lipid hypothesis - the label used for the diet-cholesterol theory of heart disease - saturated fats raise serum cholesterol levels, and high blood cholesterol causes obstructive plaques to form in arteries, called atherosclerosis. (lewrockwell.com)
Over the ensuing decades other investigators did atherosclerosis research on cholesterol-fed rabbits, which they cited in support of the diet-cholesterol theory of heart disease. (lewrockwell.com)

INT RODUCTIO N: Th e eld erly h ypert en si ve pa ti ent s of ten h aveincreased prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and their attendantco-morbidities. (bvsalud.org)

The Longitudinal Study for Adult Health (ELSA) is a prospective cohort study designed to assess the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes as well as their biological and social determinants. (scielosp.org)
Mean waist circumference of the 2010 cohort of 10-18-year-olds was 3.6 cm higher in boys and 5.5 cm higher in girls than the 2003 cohort. (who.int)
This study investigates how different anthropometric measures correlate to the risk of developing clinical AF in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort (MDC-cohort). (lu.se)
Second, in a separate analysis in our cohort, neither absolute viral load nor change in viral load was associated with C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of generalized inflammation that is associated with cardiovascular outcomes in the general population. (natap.org)

It behooves divers to be aware of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, especially atherosclerosis, and of specific measures they can take to mitigate them. (dan.org)

4. Soy Protein - While soy has become a punching bag of sorts, for rightful (GMO/non-organic/over-consumption/exclusively non-fermented) and wrongful reasons (disregarding the positive soy research ), it does seem to have value as a medicinal food in addressing subcutaneous and total abdominal fat in postmenopausal women, likely because it does have hormone-modulating properties. (nutritruth.org)

Body mass index, waist circumference and male gender were associated with an increase in both, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in young university students. (peertechzpublications.org)

Introduction of primary prophylaxis in those people to limit the development of diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular diseases should be considered. (hindawi.com)

METHODS: We used individual records from 58 cohorts to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) per 1 SD higher baseline values (4.56 kg/m(2) higher BMI, 12.6 cm higher waist circumference, and 0.083 higher waist-to-hip ratio) and measures of risk discrimination and reclassification. (ox.ac.uk)
After six weeks of a high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet, they found that all women were losing less weight, but those who lost weight had a higher waist-to-hip ratio and lower HOMA-IR levels, best vegan protein powder for losing weight. (kineticcricket.com)

Anthropometric measures were done on a representative sample of students aged 10-18 years and the Eating Disorder Inventory-3rd version (EDI-3) and 26-item Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) scales were completed by 13-18-year-olds. (who.int)
Anthropometric measurements included: body weight, height, arm, hip and abdominal circumference, skin-fold thickness measured on the rear surface of an arm, below the inferior angle of the scapula and at the belly. (viamedica.pl)
We aimed to examine the association of alcohol consumption with fat deposition and anthropometric measures. (go.jp)
Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association of dietary patterns, anthropometric measurements, and metabolic parameters with C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in men and women with metabolic syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)

Background: Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular outcomes and type II diabetes. (natap.org)

Although these observations should be considered indirect evidence, they fit with the notion that moderate weight loss (only 5 kg) can substantially reduce abdominal fat and produce clinical benefits [8]. (myhealthywaist.org)
The research shows that 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise may be enough to reduce abdominal fat. (elementsofhealthcare.com)

Several studies have previously shown that an increase in waist circumference increases CHD risk at any BMI level. (myhealthywaist.org)
In addition, several prospective observational studies [4-6] have shown that an increased waist circumference increases risk of CHD independent of and beyond the "effect" of BMI. (myhealthywaist.org)

A 2014 review revealed that individuals with lifestyle-induced chronic cardiovascular or metabolic diseases who completed a HIIT program had better cardiorespiratory fitness, as measured by VO 2 max, than those who completed moderate-intensity continuous training. (zmescience.com)

This study investigated the relationship between long-term body weight gain after maturity and the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). (go.jp)
Both overall obesity and abdominal obesity were related to incidence of AF in this population-based study, although the relationship for overall obesity was stronger. (lu.se)
The incidence of metabolic syndrome in the NFHL study was higher with increasing viral load, higher BMI, higher trunk-to-limb fat ratio, and Kaletra (lopinavir/ritonavir) or didanosine (ddI) use and lower among college-educated persons. (natap.org)
Sustained Lower Incidence of Diabetes-related End-stage Kidney Disease among American Indians and Alaska Natives, Blacks, and Hispanics in the United States, 2000-2016. (cdc.gov)

If you have abdominal obesity, even if you have a healthy BMI, you may have fat accumulation around the liver. (elementsofhealthcare.com)

Results: Regardless of the study group, body mass index (BMI) was the most frequently used measure. (cdc.gov)
Following indexes were determined: body mass index, waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist to height ratio, hip to height ratio. (viamedica.pl)
We studied the separate and combined associations of body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio with risk of first-onset cardiovascular disease. (ox.ac.uk)
Body mass index (BMI) is the ratio of one s body weight (in Kg) to the square of height (in meter). (medicscientist.com)
Obesity defined by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference was associated with inflammation [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Hazard Ratios (HR) for incident AF was calculated in relation to quartiles of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist hip ratio, waist height ratio, body fat. (lu.se)
Obesity is usually measured using body mass index (BMI). (cdc.gov)
And what about a more common measure of today for assessing body composition, your Body Mass Index, your BMI? (plantimize.com)
Author Manuscript body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference among female clean-room workers for electronic semiconductor production. (cdc.gov)
All study participants also underwent body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) assessments based on height and weight measurements. (endocrinologyadvisor.com)

the significance of waist circumference in assessing associated risk of obesity related disorders has been examined in various studies. (gpnotebook.com)
Night-shift work is associated with ischaemic cardiovascular disorders. (bmj.com)
It is not currently known whether it may be causally linked to metabolic syndrome (MS), a risk condition for ischaemic cardiovascular disorders. (bmj.com)

The participants were 303 men without a history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, kidney dysfunction, or dialysis treatment. (go.jp)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between ideal cardiovascular health (Life's simple 7) and the odds of having short telomeres in a subsample of participants older than 55 years from the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) study. (unav.edu)

Both the Air and Space Forces released the new Waist-to-Height Ratio BCP policy in January, with assessments to begin April 2023. (af.mil)
The best way to measure it is with a normal tape measure in the morning and at navel height in the exhaled state. (aeris.de)
Standard protocols were used to measure bloodpressure, weight, height, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucoseand fasting lipid profile of the subjects. (bvsalud.org)
The weight, height and waist circumference of each child were measured. (bvsalud.org)
ABSI is an index of body composition based on waist circumference, BMI, and height [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Improvements were seen in visceral fat mass, VO 2 max, body fat percentage, and waist circumference-to-height ratio. (zmescience.com)
It is measured by dividing weight in kg by height in square meters. (gurze.com)
Height was measured to the nearest 0.5 cm. (biomedcentral.com)
By using the ratio of waist circumference to height or waist-to-hip ratio, we can determine whether someone has too much belly fat. (elementsofhealthcare.com)
The percentage of adults aged 20 years or older with an unhealthy waist circumference increased from 5.6% in 1988-1994 to 7.6% in 2012, and the percentage with an unhealthy waist-to-height ratio increased from 27.2% in 1988-1994 to 33.7% in 2012. (medscape.com)

The extra fat cells that are formed when we are overweight are unfortunately pure poison for our bodies and increase the risk of chronic diseases. (aeris.de)
In the medical profession, a doctor can't just simply say that somebody is overweight, without reference to some kind of statistical index, usually by one/both of the ratios described below. (docbrown.info)
Comparing the circumferences of waist and hips is another measure of whether you are 'overweight' and concentrates around one area where we can accumulate to much fat. (docbrown.info)
Overweight, smoking and physical inactivity are strongly related to the deterioration of overall health and are among the most important modifiable risk factors for chronic diseases and premature death [7]. (peertechzpublications.org)
[4] In a 2009 study published in the journal Obesity, the consumption of catechin-rich green tea was found to be safe and effective in reducing weight in moderately overweight subjects, including an over two inch reduction in their waist circumference. (nutritruth.org)

Methods A total of 51 Spanish girls (age 7-16 years) with abdominal obesity underwent 8 weeks of a multidisciplinary intervention for weight loss. (unav.edu)

Currently, the reference standard for measuring VF is abdominal X-ray computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), requiring highly used clinical equipment. (elsevierpure.com)
Although it was very large in size and clearly demonstrated the clinical relevance of measuring waist circumference, IDEA was cross-sectional in design and only assessed the prevalence of diabetes and CVD-associated abdominal obesity. (myhealthywaist.org)
In summary, this interesting paper from EPIC-Norfolk provides solid evidence that along with stethoscopes, measuring tapes should be on the list of simple clinical tools that physicians should use to evaluate their patients. (myhealthywaist.org)
High levels of blood pressure are not always presented with clinical symptoms, so early detection of levels outside the ranges established would help to reduce the frequency of cardiovascular events in the future [6]. (peertechzpublications.org)

Anatomy20

Organisms2

Diseases44

Chemicals and Drugs25

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment74

Psychiatry and Psychology11

Phenomena and Processes55

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena7

Technology, Industry, Agriculture8

Information Science7

Named Groups10

Health Care67

Geographicals30

Adiposity23

Hypertension18

Systolic blood pr3

Type 2 diabet6

Coronary16

Adipose tissue5

Dual energy x-ray a5

Stroke10

Reduction in waist circumference2

Indices4

Predictors3

Lower waist circumference2

Predictor2

Increase the risk of developing cardiovascul1

Dyslipidemia3

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease2

Skinfold thickness1

Centers for Diseas3

Measurement8

Excess8

WHtR5

Revealed that abdominal obesity2

Intra-Abdominal Fat1

CVDs2

Significantly9

Assessment7

Mortality3

Risks3

Predictive3

Insulin7

Obese5

Cholesterol8

Cardiometabolic risk factors1

Cohort4

Atherosclerosis1

Postmenopausal women1

Diastolic blood pr1

Diabetes Mellitus1

Higher waist-to-hip ratio2

Anthropometric4

Outcomes1

Reduce abdominal fat2

Increases2

Metabolic diseases1

Incidence4

Accumulation1

Body Mass10

Disorders3

History of cardiovascular1

Odds1

Height10

Overweight5

Methods1

Clinical4