Rate of biodegradation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Biodegradation is the most viable alternative for numerous health and environmental issues associated with non-biodegradable materials. (intechopen.com)
This chapter covers an overview of biodegradation, factors and challenges associated with biodegradation processes, involvement of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in biodegradation, and biodegradable nanomaterials. (intechopen.com)
Magnesium and its alloys have been the subject of interest and appear promising as biodegradable implant materials, though their fast corrosion rate in biologic environments has limited their clinical application. (medscape.com)
Finally, inherent biodegradability of OTNE was determined by the Modified MITI Test (II) according to the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, Method No. 302 C. The concentration tested was 30 mg/L OTNE, with an activated sludge concentration of 100 mg/L. OTNE undergoes no biodegradation and should be regarded as not inherently biodegradable according to this test (Rudio, 1995b). (europa.eu)
First of all, it is important to specify and to determine the required biodegradation rates as an objective for the removal rates of the biodegradable substances in order to perform the design calculations, i.e. the calculation of the required amount of carrier material. (filtsep.com)

Aerobic biodegradation equation Cpolymer + O2 → Cresidue + Cbiomass + CO2 + H2O Anaerobic biodegradation equation Cpolymer → Cresidue + Cbiomass + CO2 + CH4 + H2O In practice, almost all chemical compounds and materials are subject to biodegradation processes. (wikipedia.org)
1.1 This test method determines the degree and rate of anaerobic biodegradation of synthetic plastic materials (including formulation additives) on exposure to anaerobic-digester municipal sewage sludge from a waste-water plant, under laboratory conditions. (document-center.com)
This test method determines the rate and degree of anaerobic biodegradation by measuring the evolved volume of carbon dioxide and methane, as a function of time of exposure to anaerobic-digester sludge. (document-center.com)
Carbon disulfide is a natural product of anaerobic biodegradation. (cdc.gov)

The toxicity of C8-10 Alkylamidopropyl betaine (35% a.i.) to microorganisms was investigated during a ready biodegradation study (CO2 Evolution Test) according to OECD guideline 301 B (1992) over a period of 28 days and using an inoculum obtained from activated sludge from a predominantly domestic sewage treatment plant. (europa.eu)
In all studies, estradiol was determined to degraded to more than 60 % after 28 days, however, failing the criterion for ready biodegradation. (janusinfo.se)

The obtained results suggest that microbial biodegradation of pollutants can be used to clean up contaminated environments. (omicsonline.org)
The microbiology is very convincing,' but the extrapolation to the rate of hydrocarbon consumption 'is potentially flawed and gives the wrong impression,' says biogeochemist David Valentine of the University of California, Santa Barbara, who is also attempting to characterize the microbial response to the oil spewing from BP's Macondo 252 well in the Gulf of Mexico. (scientificamerican.com)
It is shown that efficient phenol biodegradation is essential for high temperature hydrocarbon degradation because some microorganisms tend to transform phenols into polyphenols which are very inhibitory for microbial growth. (iwaponline.com)
The high nutritional content and calorific value present in kitchen food waste contributed to its overall yield within the shortest time interval which indicates a rapid rise through the exponential phase of microbial growth rate. (scirp.org)
The microbial activity for micropollutants biodegradation depends on the availability of degradable DOC, electron acceptors, and nutrients. (sense.nl)
Thus the aim of this project is the understand the impact of groundwater composition (Redox conditions, DOC quality, micropollutant concentration) and flow rate on microbial activity to identify the suitable conditions for micropollutant biodegradation. (sense.nl)

Biodegradation and biotransformation of contaminants in groundwater commonly occurs naturally. (bvsalud.org)
Enhancement of the biodegradation of contaminants in groundwater can be induced by the addition of amendments to change the geochemical conditions to those that are more favorable for indigenous or added biota. (bvsalud.org)

The biodegradation of the item mixture in the toxicity control was found to be 63% after 14 days of incubation. (europa.eu)
Thus, according to the test guidelines, the test item had no inhibitory effect on activated sludge microorganisms at the tested concentration of 45 mg/L, as the biodegradation in the toxicity control was higher than 35% within 14 days of incubation. (europa.eu)
The toxicity of Coco AAPB to Pseudomonas putida was investigated in a study conducted according to EN ISO 10712. (europa.eu)

It considers all types of reactions (aqueous complexation, adsorption-desorption, precipitationdissolution, ion-exchange, hydrolysis, and abiotic and biotic-mediated redox) as both fast/equilibrium and/or slow/kinetic processes, using a consistent definition of fast/equilibrium reaction rates. (benthamscience.com)
challenge to identify biodegradation processes. (nationalacademies.org)
This paper summarizes the general processes of bioremediation within the soil environment, focusing on biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. (montana.edu)

Biodegradation is the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. (wikipedia.org)
The rate of biodegradation is dependent on the ambient temperature, the presence of a sufficient number of microorganisms capable of metabolizing these hydrocarbons, and the concentration of Stoddard solvent in or on the soil or water. (cdc.gov)
Generally, a contaminant is more easily and quickly degraded if it is a naturally occurring compound in the environment, or chemically similar to a naturally occurring compound, because microorganisms capable of its biodegradation are more likely to have evolved (State of Mississippi, Department of Environmental Quality, 1998). (montana.edu)

The effect of exogenously added sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate (SDBS) surfactant on biodegradation of a mixture of straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (dodecane and hexadecane) and resulting cell surface hydrophobicity changes of Candida maltosa EH 15 were investigated. (dtu.dk)
In this paper, the high temperature (65-75°C) biodegradation of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons is investigated and kinetic parameters are derived. (iwaponline.com)
It is also demonstrated in experiments that very high oxygen transfer rates can be obtained at high temperatures in the presence of hydrocarbons. (iwaponline.com)
The effect of soil conditions on rate of biodegradation of hydrocarbons is addressed. (montana.edu)

In dissolution kinetics for micro-sized and nano-sized particles and fibres, knowledge of dissolution rate constants is necessary to understand biodurability. (cdc.gov)

12.9% biodegradation in 120 days under ASTM D5210 conditions (wastewater environment). (primaloft.com)

NOTE Although results can indicate that the tested plastic materials and polymers will biodegrade under the specified test conditions at a certain specific aerobic biodegradation rate or DT50, the results of any laboratory exposure are not directly applicable to environmental compartments including soil, marine environments and limnic areas at the actual site of use or leakage. (iteh.ai)
Biodegradation is expected to be the primary fate process for Stoddard solvent in soil and water, except that fraction which has volatilized. (cdc.gov)
Analysis of scanning electron micrographs provided evidence that fungal load of the soil may be responsible for differences in PHB degradation rates. (usda.gov)
Inhibition of composite films mixing with soil, the Michaelis-Menten reaction rates for α -amylase were inhibited ~1.72-2.03 times whereas the Michaelis-Menten reaction rates for manganese peroxidase were increased ~1.07-1.41 times compared to UcS film. (degruyter.com)
This way, plant nitrogen demand could possibly be catered for at optimum rates required by the crops at different growth stages to increase the yield under specific soil conditions. (degruyter.com)

These results contribute to a better more biomass-derived carbohydrates are also used for produc- understanding of the aromatic metabolism of P. putida in tion of chemicals, a further valorization of lignin is an essential terms of growth and uptake rates, which will be helpful for component. (lu.se)

NOTE The specific aerobic biodegradation rate (which, strictly speaking, is a specific mineralization rate, implying the assessment of the conversion of organic carbon into CO2 but neglecting biomass formation) is expressed as amount of carbon mineralized into CO2, per unit time, per unit area. (iteh.ai)
Due to the high mineralization rate in the ready biodegradability test, the phrase "estradiol (as valerate or hemihydrate) is slowly degrading in the environment" applies. (janusinfo.se)

Under the conditions of the test, OTNE undergoes no biodegradation, even after 42 days. (europa.eu)

Moreover, myeloperoxidase (MPO), an abundant enzyme of inflammatory cells (neutrophils), - involved in the principal defense mechanisms of innate immunity -was also effective in oxidative biodegradation of CNT in biochemical models and in cells yielding the products that did not cause pulmonary inflammation in mice [14] . (cdc.gov)

Composting is a human-driven process in which biodegradation occurs under a specific set of circumstances. (wikipedia.org)
While biodeterioration typically occurs as the first stage of biodegradation, it can in some cases be parallel to biofragmentation. (wikipedia.org)
A number of factors determine the rate at which this degradation of organic compounds occurs. (wikipedia.org)
If biodegradation occurs under anoxic conditions, then the availability of Fe(III) may influence the biodegradation of aromatics (Lovley et al.1994). (cdc.gov)

This document specifies a method to determine the specific aerobic biodegradation rate of solid, non-water soluble plastic materials under mesophilic conditions. (iteh.ai)
The formation of the UFG structure also reduced the biodegradation rate of the alloy under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. (nih.gov)
89 % of biodegradation was measured after 28 days in the test conditions were all validity criteria were fulfilled. (europa.eu)
76.6% biodegradation in 793 days under ASTM D6691 conditions (marine/ocean environment). (rossignol.com)
Under the valid conditions, biodegradation of the test substance was 96.3% at the end of the 28-day study, biodegradation was greater than 60% within the 10-day window. (europa.eu)
The physical design of a consumer product can also facilitate enhanced degradation rate, since rates are highly influenced by the exposure to environmental conditions. (springer.com)
Research has shown that the environmental conditions have a strong impact on a material's degradation rate. (springer.com)
76.6% biodegradation in 973 days under ASTM D6691 conditions (marine/ocean environment). (primaloft.com)

In this work, the effect of an ultrafine-grained (UFG) structure obtained by multiaxial deformation (MAD) on the mechanical properties, fatigue strength, biodegradation, and biocompatibility in vivo of the magnesium alloy WE43 was studied. (nih.gov)
particles and fibres that release ions at a higher rate when suspended in vitro in a specific simulated biological fluid will be expected to do so when they exist in a similar biological environment in vivo. (cdc.gov)
Our results provide direct evidence for the participation of MPO - one of the key-orchestrators of inflammatory response - in the in vivo pulmonary oxidative biodegradation of SWCNT and suggest new ways to control the biopersistence of nanomaterials through genetic or pharmacological manipulations. (cdc.gov)
However, the relevance of this mechanism for CNT biodegradation in vivo was lacking. (cdc.gov)
Our results provide direct evidence for the participation of MPO in pulmonary biodegradation of SWCNT in vivo . (cdc.gov)

Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria (AOB) kinetic parameters estimated using the actual maximum ammonia oxidation rate. (unifi.it)

The degradation rate of many organic compounds is limited by their bioavailability, which is the rate at which a substance is absorbed into a system or made available at the site of physiological activity, as compounds must be released into solution before organisms can degrade them. (wikipedia.org)

Results indicated that up to 75 mg/L SDBS improves the biodegradation potential of examined yeast. (dtu.dk)
Research has shown that the combination of both bio and photo degradation allows a synergism that improves the overall degradation rate. (springer.com)

Such high recovery needs to be expected when the biodegradation experiment is done according to OECD. (dsm.com)

Biodegradation rates ranged from 0% to 9% after 28 days. (europa.eu)
This is known as biodegradation and can take days to years. (amsa.gov.au)

Over the course of the trial, there was no evidence of PET fiber biodegradation. (usda.gov)
one or more pieces of evidence showing that the biodegradation potential is actually realized in the field. (nationalacademies.org)
The most difficult evidence to gather is the third type-showing that the biodegradation potential demonstrated in the laboratory is being realized in the field. (nationalacademies.org)
Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate. (medlineplus.gov)

A defined mixed culture adapted to phenol converted more than 90% of a mixture of phenol, hexadecane and pyrene and a very high maximal growth rate of 0.19 h −1 was determined. (iwaponline.com)

Biodegradation of both PHB and cotton fibers was clearly observed, although the initial degradation rates varied greatly even in different batches of the same commercial topsoil for PHB. (usda.gov)
A review of degradation mechanisms, and the possible approaches to diminish the environmental persistence of these materials, will clarify the current and potential degradation rates of these products after disposal. (springer.com)

The mean percentage biodegradation found was 0% based on BOD and 11% based on analysed test material concentration. (europa.eu)

Recent work has allowed a considerable increase in the knowledge of the enzymology of non-substituted and acetylated polysaccharides, thus illuminating the biodegradation mechanism. (springer.com)

Cellulose is readily biodegraded by organisms that utilize cellulase enzymes, but due to the additional acetyl groups cellulose acetate requires the presence of esterases for the first step in biodegradation. (springer.com)

In practice, almost all chemical compounds and materials are subject to biodegradation, the key element being time. (wikipedia.org)

The frequently indicated active carrier surface area is indeed an indicator for the potential biodegradation performance of the carrier media, but crucial is the specification of the biodegradation performance in kg [pollutant] per m³ [carrier media] per day. (filtsep.com)
Data regarding MSW regulations, its generation rate and composition, as well as data regarding relevant aspects of the Nigerian energy market and its regulations and Nigeria's climate change policies are evaluated in order to determine the potential for successful implementation of a Landfill gas to energy project in the Olusosun dumpsite in Lagos, Nigeria. (lu.se)

Studies showed that portion of SDBS molecules adsorbed on cell surface may play significant role in interaction between anionic surfactant and yeast cells, having influence on biodegradation rates. (dtu.dk)
In a separate experiment the influence of the hydrocarbon droplet size on the biodegradation is investigated at 70°C using a newly isolated Thermus sp. (iwaponline.com)

The rapidly (%F-rap) and slowly (%F-slow) desorbing phenanthrene fractions and their rate constants were determined using a first-order two-compartment (biphasic) desorption model. (lancs.ac.uk)
Unfortunately, many studies on dissolution of nanoparticle s and nanofibres do not determine the dissolution rates and dissolution rate constants. (cdc.gov)

The degree and rate of anaerobic biodegradability of a plastic material in this test method may be predictive of the time period required to eliminate that plastic from the environment depending on the similarities of the environments. (document-center.com)

This synergy is a result of photo degradation causing pitting and thereby increasing the material's surface area, and enhancing biodegradation. (springer.com)

Compared to pristine compostable bags, the recovered BDP fragments showed differences in their material properties, which potentially renders them less prone to further biodegradation. (nature.com)

20/99, A/Wuhan/371/91, A/Sydney/5/ rate documented in this study, all pil- from http://www.nice.org. (cdc.gov)

Six examples are employed to demonstrate the design capabilities of HYDROGEOCHEM, to illustrate the calculations of fast/equilibrium reaction rates, and to highlight the non-intuitive notion that the rates of slow/kinetic reactions are not necessarily smaller than those of fast/equilibrium reactions. (benthamscience.com)

A decrease in hydrophobicity was observed when SDBS was supplemented in higher concentrations, having strong impact on biodegradation rates. (dtu.dk)

in so doing, fibers are broken down at a faster rate, returning polyester to natural elements. (primaloft.com)

The process of biodegradation can be divided into three stages: biodeterioration, biofragmentation, and assimilation. (wikipedia.org)
Overall, this chapter provides a synopsis of how the involvement of nanotechnology would benefit the process of biodegradation. (intechopen.com)

One of the implications of cooperation is that degradation rate can be determined by the time it takes for cells to find each other, and this can be very long if cell densities are low" says Otto X. Cordero, associate professor of civil and environmental engineering at MIT. (scienceblog.com)

Anatomy3

Organisms40

Chemicals and Drugs139

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Phenomena and Processes23

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture16

Information Science2

Health Care33

Geographicals2

Biodegradable5

Anaerobic biodegradation4

Ready biodegradation2

Microbial6

Groundwater2

Toxicity3

Processes3

Microorganisms3

Hydrocarbons4

Kinetics1

ASTM-D52101

Soil5

Aromatic1

Mineralization rate2

Undergoes1

Biochemical1

Occurs4

Conditions8

Vivo5

Oxidation1

Substance1

Improves2

OECD1

Days2

Evidence4

Mixture1

Degradation rates2

Percentage1

Mechanism1

Organisms1

Materials1

Potential2

Influence2

Constants2

Biodegradability1

Surface1

Properties1

Study1

Reaction1

Impact1

Polyester1

Process2

Cells1