• The parameters (e.g., coefficients of polynomials, differential, or difference equations) can be adjusted for getting the desired quantitative results. (hindawi.com)
  • B ) Annotated equations of the model with key parameters highlighted in blue. (elifesciences.org)
  • This in silico model, which is based on biochemical rate equations, does not describe a specific organism, but the magnitudes of its parameters are chosen to match realistic values. (lu.se)
  • 1/s) plots, by fitting the Michaelis-Menten equation to the data with non-linear regression using SlideWrite Plus, and by fitting the data to a mathematical model written in Simusolv, which employed Michaelis-Menten equations including inhibition constants to describe metabolism. (cdc.gov)
  • depending on the concentration in a Michaelis-Menten manner with a maximal metabolic rate being reached only at high nutrient concentrations ( Ai ). (elifesciences.org)
  • The absorption rate constant Ka is a value used in pharmacokinetics to describe the rate at which a drug enters into the system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rate laws describe the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants. (jove.com)
  • Transporter activities were assessed by concentration ratios between compartments and pharmacokinetic parameters that describe the accumulation and decay profiles of hepatocyte concentrations. (aspetjournals.org)
  • von Kleist M, Metzner P, Marquet R, Schütte C (2012) HIV-1 Polymerase Inhibition by Nucleoside Analogs: Cellular- and Kinetic Parameters of Efficacy, Susceptibility and Resistance Selection. (plos.org)
  • whereas, the apparent Vmax rates change for the production of oxon, confirming the types of inhibition. (cdc.gov)
  • Thermodynamic parameters for the complex formation and the activation parameters for their decomposition have also been determined. (ias.ac.in)
  • The nature of the transition states associated with ring flips can be described by thermodynamic activation parameters, including the activation enthalpy, activation entropy, activation volume, and also the isothermal volume compressibility of activation. (lu.se)
  • Consequently, it is of great interest to study how ring flip rate constants and activation parameters might vary with protein structure and external conditions like temperature and pressure. (lu.se)
  • For a chemical reaction, the rate law expresses the relationship between the reaction rate and reactant concentration. (jove.com)
  • An increase in the reactant concentration, producing a linearly-proportional increase in the reaction rate, characterizes a first-order reaction. (jove.com)
  • If doubling the reactant concentration quadruples the initial rate, then a second-order reaction is observed. (jove.com)
  • When the obtained data of initial rates present an indiscernible relationship between the change in initial reactant concentration and the corresponding rate, a ratio of rate laws is calculated. (jove.com)
  • Here, any two concentration values of the reactant and their corresponding reaction rates are used to determine the reaction order. (jove.com)
  • While the reaction order depicts the reaction rate's dependence on the reactant concentration, a direct measure of the relative reaction speed is indicated by the rate constant. (jove.com)
  • Evidence is obtained that this reaction occurs through specific base catalysis from the dependence of the emission decay rate constant (k obs ) with the hydrogen peroxide and borate buffer concentration. (usp.br)
  • The observed rate constants increased with both, the concentration of ILs and common salts. (usp.br)
  • This gives the rate of transcription from the promoter dependent on the concentration of arabinose. (igem.org)
  • This gives the rate of transcription as a function of X* which represents the concentration of active repressor, unbound to arabinose. (igem.org)
  • B is the maximum rate of transcription, here this rate is when induced by arabinose at highest concentration. (igem.org)
  • The rate of activator production from its own promoter is given in equation 3 above, which is dependent on activator concentration itself. (igem.org)
  • The rate of degradation was estimated from residual concentration spectrophotometrically. (scirp.org)
  • It also accounts for growth-dependent parameters, such as relative protein or mRNA content. (nature.com)
  • Since mRNA is then translated at a roughly constant rate, it is related with a multiplicative constant to the rate of protein production, in this case activator and RFP. (igem.org)
  • The rates of lysine oxidation, incorporation into protein, and release by protein breakdown were 21, 35, and 56 mmol/kg/h, respectively, in the fast-exchanging compartment, whereas the rates of protein synthesis and breakdown in the slow compartment were both 53 mmol/kg/min. (jci.org)
  • Change the variance parameters to 2. (cdc.gov)
  • The exponents of the reactant concentrations influence the reaction rate individually and are called reaction orders. (jove.com)
  • The reaction order is determined experimentally by employing the method of initial rates, where a chemical reaction is repeated multiple times with varying reactant concentrations to measure the initial reaction rates. (jove.com)
  • However, if the change of reactant concentrations does not affect the initial rate values, then a zero-order reaction is observed. (jove.com)
  • Next, the individual reaction orders are expressed as exponents to their respective reactant concentrations to formulate the rate law. (jove.com)
  • The rate constant k , is the proportionality coefficient relating the reaction rate to the product of reactant concentrations. (jove.com)
  • In a rate law, the rate constant k and the reaction orders are determined experimentally by observing how the rate of reaction changes as the concentrations of the reactants are changed. (jove.com)
  • The allocation modeling framework can account such a dynamics by including metabolic rates which depend on the nutrient concentrations in the environment. (elifesciences.org)
  • The input data to the model consist of climate parameters, atmospheric CO2 concentrations and a soil code. (lu.se)
  • This is in contrast to parameters like bioavailability and elimination half-life, which can often be found in drug and pharmacology handbooks. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pharmacokinetic profiles following subcutaneous (SC) dosing were predicted by simple dose normalisation from monkeys or using the geometric means of the absorption rate constant (Ka) and bioavailability (BA) for mAbs or Fc-fusion proteins in humans and compared. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, it helps a retailer to decide its optimal ordering quantity under the constraints of constant deterioration rate and constant pattern of demand. (researchgate.net)
  • At last, sensitivity analysis is done to study the effects of varying inventory parameters on decision variable and optimal solution. (researchgate.net)
  • We also estimate the heat load on the sample in these experiments, providing a figure-of-merit to find the optimal experimental parameters. (iucr.org)
  • F ) Analytical solutions for candidate scenarios for regulation of ribosomal allocation with fixed allocation, allocation to prioritize translation rate, and allocation to optimal growth rate highlighted in gray, green, and blue respectively. (elifesciences.org)
  • Optimal settings of stimulus parameters are subjective and are determined by trial and error. (medscape.com)
  • The experimental capabilities that the SCS instrument offers, resulting from the operation at megahertz repetition rates and the availability of the novel DSSC 2D imaging detector, are illustrated. (iucr.org)
  • This means that the full system can be modelled as a hill function, with appropriate parameters obtained by experimental analysis. (igem.org)
  • 1973. Selected specific rates of reactions of transients from water in aqueous solution. (cdc.gov)
  • We modeled dissociation using both the equilibrium and the kinetic reaction options in T+H, and we used a range of kinetic parameters for sensitivity analysis and curve fitting. (acs.org)
  • Dissociation was more sensitive to kinetic parameters than anticipated, which indicates that kinetic limitations may be important in short-term core studies and a necessity in such simulations. (acs.org)
  • K_d is the dissociation constant (see modelling derivations). (igem.org)
  • We conclude by recommending that fecal accumulation rate (FAR) methods are likely more appropriate in our study area than fecal standing crop (FSC) methods for estimating elk density, because FAR methods are less prone to biases associated with differential pellet decay and disappearance among habitats. (bioone.org)
  • 5. Rate coefficients for the CH3SH-NO2, reaction. (cdc.gov)
  • Knowing pellet decay and disappearance rates in different habitats is a prerequisite to acquiring reliable information from pellet counts. (bioone.org)
  • Pellets in moist forest habitats had the lowest decay rates but the highest disappearance rates, whereas those in dry, grassland sites had the highest decay, but the lowest disappearance rates. (bioone.org)
  • The machine parameters of both wind turbines were changed considering different scenarios, while keeping other parameters constant, to study the behavior of the wind generators. (frontiersin.org)
  • The chemiexcitation quantum yields values obtained were correlated with the viscosity and polarity parameters of the mixtures. (usp.br)
  • In the for normal lung function measures taken from south Sudanese people case of respiratory parameters, predic- for adults and children of both sexes. (who.int)
  • Let us now compare the differences between the duty cycle calculated by both the two-parameter and four-parameter thermal models. (machinedesign.com)
  • The project viability as determined by its Net Present Value and Internal Rate of return was evaluated under three scenarios: first scenario depicts a situation where the project is funded by local private sources, second scenario presumes, project funding is received from foreign sources with lower interest rates. (lu.se)
  • and another represented mortality risk that increases with age, or the rate of aging. (livescience.com)
  • Ohba [ 6 ] refined the Goel-Okumoto model by assuming that the fault detection/removal rate increases with time and that there are two types of faults in the software. (hindawi.com)
  • In contrast, using two-parameter models for dynamic temperature calculations increases the likelihood of improper motor selection ¡ª and leaves engineers in the dark about the true causes of failure when it occurs. (machinedesign.com)
  • An increase in the amount of acetic acid in the solvent mixture, acetic acid and water, increases the rate. (ias.ac.in)
  • The pD dependence of the 2H relaxation in BPTI solutions could be quantitatively accounted for in terms of known p K values and hydrogen exchange rate constants. (lu.se)
  • With a minimalist model of metabolism, cell growth and transcriptional regulation in a microorganism, we explore how the interaction between environmental conditions and gene regulation set the growth rate of cells in the phase of exponential growth. (lu.se)
  • A very natural place to study gene detecting and metabolizing lactose, it is known that the overall regulation is in the metabolism of the cell, and then specifically in effect of expressing the lac genes in vain is a drop in the growth rate the regulation of genes that code for enzymes and transporter of as much as 5% [1,6]. (lu.se)
  • Inhibitory rate constants (Ki) for oxon and IMHP metabolism were approximately 250 uM and approximately 50 uM, respectively. (cdc.gov)
  • The kinetic parameters were in excellent agreement with reported values obtained by constant-infusion methods. (jci.org)
  • Optimizing the parameters of the regulatory system allows us to quantify the fitness benefit of regulation. (lu.se)
  • In unicellular organisms like E. coli and yeast, the benefits of between potential cost and benefit, regulation can make the most a well-adapted regulatory system are readily quantified, as the difference to the long-term growth rate if the resource in question fitness of an individual can be estimated by its growth rate in is only available a similarly small fraction of the time. (lu.se)
  • A number of studies have explored how regulation of generally, and at least to a first approximation, it is obvious that metabolic pathways affects the growth rate of microorganisms, gene regulation only is useful if the environmental conditions vary both in the steady state and in response to changes in the local with time. (lu.se)
  • With the synoptic or with the electric cabinet, the pump can be controlled (pressure regulation, constant flow rate, constant volume). (corelab.com)
  • For all analyzed NRTIs and their combinations, model-predicted macroscopic parameters (efficacy, fitness and toxicity) were consistent with observations. (plos.org)
  • In this paper the model has been framed to study the items whose demand and deterioration both are constant. (researchgate.net)
  • Keeping this in mind, this inventory model is for perishable objects where the rate of deterioration is considered to be constant with a constant demand rate. (researchgate.net)
  • Our model correctly predicts for HIV-1 that resistance against nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) can be conferred by decreasing their incorporation rate, increasing their excision rate, or decreasing their affinity for the polymerase enzyme. (plos.org)
  • This two-parameter model oversimplifies motors by assuming one dynamic operating temperature for the entire motor. (machinedesign.com)
  • All model types consist of a model structure and a number of parameters . (hindawi.com)
  • The task of finding the parameter values which minimize the difference between real measurements and simulation results of the model (for the same inputs and other conditions) is called system identification , process identification, or parameter identification . (hindawi.com)
  • For example, the parameters of a Matlab script model can in that way easily be optimized simultaneously with parameters of a Python script model. (hindawi.com)
  • C ) Key model parameters, their units, typical values in E. coli , and their appropriate references. (elifesciences.org)
  • Various ice thickness estimation methods have been developed but regional differences in fundamental model parameters are substantial. (frontiersin.org)
  • The apparent mass balance gradient, the primary model parameter accounting for the effects of surface mass balance distribution as well as ice flux, substantially decreases over time and has to be adjusted for each temporal increment to correctly reproduce observed ice thickness. (frontiersin.org)
  • The mathematical model has the advantage of providing a methodology by which all parameters are considered at once. (cdc.gov)
  • The rate or mode of a process may also be affected by the current values of the state variables, as well as by the input data to the model. (lu.se)
  • Specifically, the model estimated the number of lives lost to smoking, thereby showing the change in smoking rates and lives saved by tobacco potential of tobacco control policies specifically in a control policies implemented since 1991, and the middle-income country. (who.int)
  • The Hubble constant specifies the rate of that expansion. (bigthink.com)
  • We also developed a Network Strain Filter (NSF) that seeks coherent transients in the surface strain-rate field. (scec.org)
  • 2 ] proposed an SRGM exploiting the fault removal (exposure) rate during the initial and final time epochs of testing. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, the Fault Removal Rate for each module is not the same. (hindawi.com)
  • If not required by the data, fault slip-rate or strain-rate is assumed to be steady in time. (scec.org)
  • The NIF estimates spatially and temporally variable fault slip-rates in the presence of various noise sources. (scec.org)
  • Effective machine parameter selection could help solve fault ride-through (FRT) problems cost-effectively for both VSWTs, without considering the external circuitry of and changing the original architecture of the wind turbines. (frontiersin.org)
  • Three fundamental parameters govern all cosmological models based on the theory of General Relativity. (eso.org)
  • From the measured values of these fundamental parameters, the age of the Universe and the geometry of space can be derived. (eso.org)
  • Data regarding MSW regulations, its generation rate and composition, as well as data regarding relevant aspects of the Nigerian energy market and its regulations and Nigeria's climate change policies are evaluated in order to determine the potential for successful implementation of a Landfill gas to energy project in the Olusosun dumpsite in Lagos, Nigeria. (lu.se)
  • A comparison of the observations with predicted growth-rate dependence of ribosomal allocation ( H ) and translation speeds ( I ) for the three allocation strategies. (elifesciences.org)
  • The film was sheared at a constant temperature and rotation rate for a set amount of time. (aiche.org)
  • Time-resolved magnetic X-ray scattering and holographic imaging experiments in solid state samples were chosen as representative, providing an ideal test-bed for operation at megahertz rates. (iucr.org)
  • We must determine how much ontime can occur before applied power must be shut off to allow the motor to cool to T C . Assume that this period of zero power dissipation occurs for one thermal time constant before 1.5¡Á power dissipation is reapplied. (machinedesign.com)
  • In fact, the motor can repeatedly dissipate 1.5¡Á power pulses for 81.7% of a thermal time constant, but after each pulse, power must completely be turned off and the motor allowed to cool for one thermal time constant. (machinedesign.com)
  • At time zero, introductions of CRE-positive patients into the facility network from the general community began at a rate of approximately one every two weeks. (cdc.gov)
  • Within each facility, colonized patients were assumed to pose a constant per-time risk of transmission to all susceptible patients in the same facility at the same time. (cdc.gov)
  • The phase of interdigestive motility existing at the time of glucose ingestion did not affect gastric emptying or any metabolic parameter. (nih.gov)
  • Duodenal delivery of glucose was not constant but exponentially declined over time. (nih.gov)
  • Parameters calibrated with measured data at specific points in time and space can vary when glacier geometry and dynamics change. (frontiersin.org)
  • When r , d , and v are constant and the time grid is homogeneous, the BlackScholesBinomialTree constructs the standard Cox, Ross, and Rubinstein binomial tree. (maplesoft.com)
  • The DiscountFactor(rate, time, opts) calling sequence computes the discount factor at the specified time corresponding to the given interest rate. (maplesoft.com)
  • The interest rate and time can be given as lists in which case the array or their combinations are returned. (maplesoft.com)
  • For future reference, example parameter files should contain comments near the top describing approximately how much memory and CPU time they use. (bitbucket.org)
  • This means that the distances to the supernovae must have increased over and above what they would have been if the rate of expansion did not change with time. (eso.org)
  • Rate constants for the reaction of the OH radical with CH3SH and CH3NH2, over the temperature range 426°K. (cdc.gov)
  • The reaction finds a more convenient way in the more complex environment even before we re-optimize parameters. (science20.com)
  • First, using the method of initial rates, the reaction order of each reactant is determined individually. (jove.com)
  • Lastly, the summation of individual exponents from the rate law determines the overall reaction order. (jove.com)
  • The unit of a rate constant depends on the overall reaction order and can be determined by rearranging the rate law to solve for the rate constant. (jove.com)
  • A large rate constant indicates a fast reaction. (jove.com)
  • Conversely, a smaller rate constant indicates a slow reaction. (jove.com)
  • Addition of benzyltrimethylammonium chloride enhances the reaction rate. (ias.ac.in)
  • Changing the "rate of aging" variable seemed to transform the mortality patterns of one type of primate into that of another, while changing other parameters had very little impact. (livescience.com)
  • We correctly predict that HIV-1 can develop resistance by decreasing NRTI incorporation rate, increasing its excision rate, or decreasing its affinity for the viral polymerase enzyme. (plos.org)
  • If the new measurements are indeed correct, they show that the elusive "cosmological constant" , as proposed by Albert Einstein , contributes significantly to the evolution of the Universe. (eso.org)
  • The fact that re-optimization occurs in a parameter space with a higher dimensionality, while the previous optimization is a maximum constrained on a lower dimensional subspace, already explains why properties can likely be improved. (science20.com)
  • Aging rates are fixed, a new study suggests. (livescience.com)
  • For each primate population, the researchers determined that the "rate of aging seems to be about the same within that group," said Shripad Tuljapurkar, a professor of biology and population studies at Stanford University who helped review the study but was not otherwise involved in it. (livescience.com)
  • Additionally, this article contains a detailed case study of the parameter identification of two models using that identification coordination software. (hindawi.com)
  • This study investigates the transient performance of two variable speed wind turbines (VSWTs), namely doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) and the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), that are widely employed in wind energy conversion, considering their machine parameters. (frontiersin.org)
  • This study was carried out using the same operating conditions of rated wind speed, based on the characteristics of both wind turbine technologies. (frontiersin.org)
  • Differences in the way that the Hubble constant-which measures the rate of cosmic expansion-are measured have profound implications for the future of cosmology. (bigthink.com)
  • Specifically, we have survey data to estimate rates of AGI illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths. (cdc.gov)
  • All XFEL facilities built until recently provided X-ray pulses at a relatively low repetition rate, with limited data statistics. (iucr.org)
  • The data relevant to cosmic evolution have gotten so good we know all the relevant parameters - things like the universe's age and average density - down to a few decimal places. (bigthink.com)
  • Parameters must be found by a parameter scan for sensible values or by comparing to already gathered data. (igem.org)
  • The first step is to take a look at the preliminary data to try to find appropriate parameters. (igem.org)
  • Using Thai data on population, smoking rates and will have saved 319 456 lives by 2026. (who.int)
  • d R/ d t = Γ (T ODT *-T)/T ODT with R as the area of a grain and Γ as a rate constant that determines how quickly the alignment plateau is reached. (aiche.org)
  • The Hubble constant is used to estimate the rate of expansion of the universe. (bigthink.com)
  • Almost all the parameters varied widely from population to population. (livescience.com)
  • At baseline and at 6 weeks, patients completed a constant work-rate leg-cycle ergometer test at 85 percent of maximal power output. (nih.gov)
  • Using the calibrated parameter set, 93% of the observed ice thickness change on a glacier-specific scale could be captured for the periods between the GI. (frontiersin.org)
  • It also pin-points important parameters that may impact clinical efficacy of NA s used to treat other viruses. (plos.org)
  • However, volume-area scaling only provides average ice thickness for each glacier and cannot take into account a number of parameters with major impact on glacier volume, such as surface slope or the climatic regime affecting mass balance. (frontiersin.org)
  • An interactive version of the panels allowing the free adjustment of parameters is available on the associated paper website ( cremerlab.github.io/flux_parity ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Effects of acidic water and aluminum exposure on gill Na+, K+-ATPase α-subunit isoforms, enzyme activity, physiology and return rates in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L. (crossref.org)
  • FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) than those of African ethnicity. (who.int)
  • r, d, v, G) calling sequence returns a binomial tree approximating a Black-Scholes process with the specified parameters. (maplesoft.com)
  • First construct a binomial tree for a Black-Scholes process with constant drift and volatility. (maplesoft.com)
  • Various parameters affecting the degradation process viz. (scirp.org)
  • Until now, most scientists have been considering two possibilities: the expansion rate is slowing down and will ultimately either come to a halt - whereafter the Universe would start to contract, or it will continue to expand forever. (eso.org)
  • The existence of a non-zero cosmological constant implies that a repulsive force, counter-acting gravity, currently dominates the universal expansion , and consequently leads to an ever-expanding Universe. (eso.org)