• The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the small GTPase superfamily, Rab family. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes a small GTP-binding protein that belongs to the largest family within the Ras superfamily. (nih.gov)
  • RAB18, a member of Ras-related small GTPases family, belongs to members of the Ras oncogene superfamily of small guanosine triphosphatases [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • RAS proteins are members of the superfamily of small GTPases comprising over 150 members. (tocris.com)
  • Small G-proteins, monomeric GTPases, or the RAS (Rat sarcoma) superfamily are a large family of small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins with molecular weights ranging from 20 to 30 kDa [ 1 , 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Ras proteins are the founding members of the Ras superfamily of GTPases, which in humans is composed of more than 150 members [ 1 ] [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The superfamily of G proteins includes three main classes: Ras-like GTPases, G α subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, and the translation elongation factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Like all members of the Ras superfamily, the Rho proteins cycle between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound conformational states. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that can become a oncogene, either after mutation or increased expression. (mcqsonline.net)
  • The proto-oncogene can become an oncogene by a relatively small modification of its original function. (mcqsonline.net)
  • In this study, we engineered variants of the Ras -binding domain (RBD) of the C-Raf proto-oncogene , Ser/Thr kinase (CRAF). (bvsalud.org)
  • Association of the proto-oncogene product dbl with G protein betagamma subunits. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The NRAS gene belongs to a class of genes known as oncogenes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The proteins produced from these three genes are GTPases. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Three human RAS genes ( HRAS , KRAS and NRAS ) encode four highly related RAS small GTPases (HRAS, KRAS4A, KRAS4B and NRAS). (tocris.com)
  • Expression analysis confirms that combined MEK and PI3K/mTOR1,2 inhibition predominantly influences genes in the rat sarcoma (RAS) pathway and growth factor receptor pathways, which transmission through MEK/ERK and PI3K/mTOR, respectively. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
  • In humans, three Ras genes ( H-ras , N-ras, and K-ras ) encode four distinct Ras proteins: H-Ras, N-Ras, K-Ras4A, and K-RasS4B, the latter 2 resulting from alternative RNA splicing of the K-ras gen. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Additionally, Ras proteins are recognized as major oncogenes, as mutations in all three Ras genes occur in approximately 30% of human cancers [ 10 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Oncogene mutation in the three human RAS genes (HRAS, NRAS and KRAS) are found in 30% of all cancers, making RAS proteins the most common oncogene. (promegaconnections.com)
  • Several mutations in the genes encoding members of this protein family are associated with cancer and result in aberrant activation of signaling processes caused by a deregulated recruitment of downstream effector proteins . (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, for detailed analysis of multifunctional genes, such as the components of the Ras-MAPK pathway described below, simultaneous time-specific and cell-specific knockdown is necessary. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gain-of-function variants in the three RAS genes have been found in 27 % of human cancers [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The degree of activation and the underlying biochemical mechanism differs between variants in the three RAS genes, with the KRAS isoform being the most commonly disrupted in human carcinomas [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MRAS, muscle RAS oncogene homolog, is a member of the RAS family of GTPases ( PMID: 9400994 , PMID: 33130177 ) that activates RAF kinases and ERK1/2 ( PMID: 16630891 , PMID: 24211266 ), and plays a role in neuronal differentiation ( PMID: 16923128 ), cell polarity, and migration ( PMID: 24211266 , PMID: 29311130 ). (jax.org)
  • Activating mutations in the neuroblastoma rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) gene are common genetic events in malignant melanoma being found in 15C25% of cases. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
  • Oncogenic mutations in codons 12, 13, or 61 of the rat sarcoma (RAS) family of small GTPases, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (HRAS), and neuroblastoma RAS Cd248 viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) occur in approximately one-third of all human cancers with 850173-95-4 supplier NRAS mutations found in about 15C20% of melanomas (1C7). (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
  • Recently, an oral mitogen activated protein (MAP)/extracellular signal-regulated (ERK) kinase (MEK) inhibitor (MEK162) was tested in patients with metastatic melanoma harboring murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) or NRAS mutations with encouraging results (12). (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
  • Levels of phospho-ERK, p-MEK phospho-murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (p-AKT), phospho-S6 ribosomal protein (p-S6), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were measured in 14 main melanomas and 18 metastases from 32 individual specimens of NRAS-mutated melanoma. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
  • This causes the expression, activation, and nuclear import of glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1), a zinc finger transcription factor, regulating directly or indirectly the expression of numerous factors involved in GBM progression. (abic2004.org)
  • The mutations that cause this condition affect a single protein building block (amino acid) in the N-Ras protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These mutations lead to production of an N-Ras protein that is constantly turned on (constitutively active). (medlineplus.gov)
  • These mutations lead to an N-Ras protein that is constitutively active and can direct cells to grow and divide without control. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Sequencing of the human genome has permitted more efficient identification of epigenetic mutations, tumour-suppressor-gene inactivation as well as oncogene driver mutations that are potential targets for therapy ( 3 - 8 ). (amegroups.org)
  • These mutations in receptors or protein kinases can stimulate a complex cascade of cross signalling pathways such as the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK or MAPK, PI3K-AKT-mTOR or JAK-STAT pathways ( Figure 2 ) ( 3 , 4 , 7 , 18 , 20 ). (amegroups.org)
  • Mutations of the NF1 gene potentially results in the activation of multiple Ras proteins, which are key regulators of many biologic effects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 29% of melanomas are driven by mutations in N-Ras, while H-Ras mutations appears mutated in 5% of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and 6% of bladder cancers [ 11 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Despite the prevalence of RAS mutations, targeting RAS proteins with drugs is extremely challenging due to the complex nature of the protein. (promegaconnections.com)
  • Structural characterization disclosed how the newly identified RBD mutations cooperate and thereby enhance affinity with the effector- binding site in Ras compared with WT RBD. (bvsalud.org)
  • These results revealed that the presence of Ras mutations was insufficient to predict sensitivity to Ras inhibition, suggesting that not all of these tumors required Ras signaling for proliferation. (bvsalud.org)
  • We found that, under poor environmental conditions, mutations in the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway lead to circular locomotion instead of normal exploratory foraging. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The NRAS gene provides instructions for making a protein called N-Ras that is involved primarily in regulating cell division. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The human KRAS gene was cloned shortly thereafter, as well as a third RAS gene, named NRAS (3). (promegaconnections.com)
  • The small GTPases H, K, and NRAS are molecular switches indispensable for proper regulation of cellular proliferation and growth . (bvsalud.org)
  • The RAS family consists of three proteins all sharing a highly conserved N-terminus region: Harvey RAS (HRAS), Kirsten RAS (KRAS) and neuroblastoma RAS (NRAS). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Harvey's discovery led to the naming of the corresponding rat sarcoma oncogene as HRAS, while Kirsten's related oncogene was named KRAS. (promegaconnections.com)
  • Megan Rigby works in the RAS Initiative's Drug Screening and Preclinical Research group where she contributes to the search for novel KRAS mutant-specific covalent and non-covalent inhibitors, and aids in efforts to further understand fundamental RAS biology. (cancer.gov)
  • Non-malignant somatic KRAS variants underlie a subset of RAS-associated autoimmune leukoproliferative disorders (RALD). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This case of idiopathic splenomegaly in childhood due to a somatic variant in KRAS expands our understanding of the clinical spectrum of RAS-associated autoimmune leukoproliferative disorder and emphasizes the value of securing a molecular diagnosis in children with unusual early-onset presentations with a suspected monogenic origin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ras-related protein Rab-33A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB33A gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • This family member can be activated by the GAP protein RN-Tre, and it is localized to the Golgi complex. (nih.gov)
  • The N-Ras protein is a GTPase, which means it converts a molecule called GTP into another molecule called GDP. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The N-Ras protein acts like a switch, and it is turned on and off by the GTP and GDP molecules. (medlineplus.gov)
  • To transmit signals, the N-Ras protein must be turned on by attaching (binding) to a molecule of GTP. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The N-Ras protein is turned off (inactivated) when it converts the GTP to GDP. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Other similar small GTPases are known to be involved in vesicle trafficking, and the encoded protein was shown to play a role in recycling phagocytosed MHC class 1 complexes to the cell surface. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • We have identified a novel pathway that directs Lyn/Src family tyrosine kinase signals to the invadopodia to regulate sarcoma cell invasion via the molecule AFAP-1-like-1 (AFAP1L1), a new member of the AFAP (actin filament-associated protein) family. (nature.com)
  • AFAP1L1 is a novel adaptor protein of the AFAP family that interacts with cortactin and localizes to invadosomes. (nature.com)
  • Loss of the Ras GTPase-activating protein neurofibromin promotes nervous system tumor pathogenesis in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cells were transfected with doxycycline-inducible vectors expressing either a pan-inhibitor of the R-Ras subfamily [dominant negative (DN) R-Ras] or enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics identified thirteen protein networks distinctly regulated by DN R-Ras, including multiple networks regulating cellular movement and morphology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Closer study of an R-Ras regulated pathway containing the signaling protein ROCK1 showed that inhibition of either R-Ras, R-Ras2 or ROCK1 similarly impaired cellular migration and invasion and altered cellular morphology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ras signaling is activated by cellular receptors including receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), cytokines receptors, and extracellular matrix receptors [ 12 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Another major cascade in GBM pathogenesis is usually triggered by the developmental protein Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) binding to the transmembrane glycoprotein Patched-1 (PTCH1), which releases its repressor activity around the smoothened (SMO) co-receptor, a member of the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) family. (abic2004.org)
  • The eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha, currently termed eEF1A, is a member of the G protein family, and one of the four subunits that compose the eukaryotic elongation factor 1 [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ras-like protein belongs to the Rac subfamily of the Rho family of GTPases. (prospecbio.com)
  • The ~200 amino acid TBC/rab GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain is well conserved across species and has been found in a wide range of different proteins from plant adhesion molecules to mammalian oncogenes. (embl.de)
  • Identification of a Sec4p GTPase-activating protein (GAP) as a novel member of a Rab GAP family. (embl.de)
  • It does not share significant sequence homology with other subtypes of small G-protein GEF motifs such as the Cdc25 domain and the Sec7 domain, which specifically interact with Ras and ARF family small GTPases, respectively, nor with other Rho protein interactive motifs, indicating that the Dbl family proteins are evolutionarily unique. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • These main PG groups are further classified into families according to their gene homology, core protein properties, size, and modular composition. (hindawi.com)
  • These guanosine triphosphatases bind GTP causing the activation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and Ras-like (RAL) pathways [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The DH protein family, exchange factors for Rho-like GTPases. (medecinesciences.org)
  • Nimnual AS, Yatsula BA, Bar-Sagi D. Coupling of Ras and Rac guanosine triphosphatases through the Ras exchanger Sos. (medecinesciences.org)
  • Pharmacological modulators of RAS function are discussed in depth, including those that inhibit RAS directly, RAS membrane association and RAS effectors. (tocris.com)
  • Guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulators (GDSs, or exchange factors), such as RALGDS, are effectors of Ras-related GTPases (see MIM 190020) that participate in signaling for a variety of cellular processes. (cancerindex.org)
  • Mutant K-RAS has been shown to have both tumor-promoting and -suppressing functions, and growing evidence suggests that the RASSF family of tumor suppressors can act as RAS apoptosis and senescence effectors. (cancerindex.org)
  • When GTP is bound, for instance, Ras proteins can interact with effectors and other molecules to affect cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. (justia.com)
  • GTP binding to Ras induces changes in conformation, mainly in two regions named switch I and switch II, that greatly increase the affinity of Ras for its downstream effectors [ 14 ] [ 15 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In summary, by engineering the Ras /Raf interface of the CRAF-RBD, we identified potent and selective inhibitors of Ras in its active conformation that outcompete binding of Ras -signaling effectors. (bvsalud.org)
  • Neurofibromin loss potentially hyperactivates classic Ras (H-Ras, N-Ras, K-Ras), M-Ras, and R-Ras (R-Ras, R-Ras2/TC21) subfamily proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All NSP proteins contain an NH 2 -terminal SH2 (Src homology domain 2) domain, a central proline/serine-rich domain, and a COOH-terminal domain with modest homology to Ras subfamily GDP-exchange factors (GEFs). (molvis.org)
  • We have previously shown that three related Ras proteins (the classic Ras proteins) are highly activated in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) cells with neurofibromin loss and that they drive cancer cell proliferation and survival by activating multiple cellular signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has been hypothesized that inactivation of the RASSF1A tumor suppressor facilitates K-RAS-mediated transformation by uncoupling it from apoptotic pathways such as the Hippo pathway. (cancerindex.org)
  • These data define a novel pathway that directs Lyn/Src family tyrosine kinase signals to sarcoma cell invadopodia through specific recruitment of Vav2 and Nck2 to phosphorylated AFAP1L1, to control cell migration and invasion. (nature.com)
  • We have established a new RNAi method that performs simultaneous time- and cell-specific knockdown and have applied this to reveal temporal profiles of the Ras-MAPK pathway in the control of exploratory behavior under poor environmental conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway controls cell proliferation and differentiation at the embryonic stage [ 6 - 8 ] and regulates synaptic formation required for neural plasticity at the adult stage [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In general, K-Ras is the most frequently mutated isoform (accounting for 75% of Ras mutation in cancer), followed by N-Ras (17%) and H-Ras (7%) [ 10 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • This study tested this hypothesis by determining the effect of the PCAIs on the levels of RAS and related monomeric G-proteins. (oncotarget.com)
  • RAB proteins, like RAB8B, are low molecular mass monomeric GTPases that localize on the cytoplasmic surfaces of distinct membrane-bound organelles. (innatedb.com)
  • The finding that yeast Rab GAPs share homology with proteins in other species, such as Caenorhabditis elegans and human, suggests the existence of a conserved Rab GAP family. (embl.de)
  • The proteins encoded by members of the Dbl family share a common domain, presented in this entry, of about 200 residues (designated the Dbl homology or DH domain) that has been shown to encode a GEF activity specific for a number of Rho family members. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Dr. Adrienne Cox is Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology and Pharmacology, whose laboratory studies RAS with a focus on RAS isoform and mutation-selective functions and regulators of RAS subcellular localization. (tocris.com)
  • These genomic sequences contained a mutation later shown to be responsible for the development of sarcomas, and the word "oncogene" became a common part of the vocabulary in cancer publications during the early 1980s (4). (promegaconnections.com)
  • In human lung tumors, combined activation of K-RAS and inactivation of RASSF1A is closely associated with the development of the most aggressive and worst prognosis tumors. (cancerindex.org)
  • Evolution of the Rab family of small GTP-binding proteins. (nih.gov)
  • This gene is a member of the RAS oncogene family and encodes a small GTPase. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • Small GTPases function as binary molecular switches, transmitting extracellular signals to an intracellular environment [ 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • The high affinity of RAS for GTP and the high concentrations of GTP intracellularly has meant that this identification of small molecules, which selectively prevent accumulation of 850173-95-4 supplier RAS-GTP, has not been possible (10). (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
  • Here, we screen the Rab family of small GTPases in the surface transport of multiple GPCRs. (shengsci.com)
  • Although the recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the first Ras G12C inhibitor is an important milestone, only a small percentage of patients will benefit from it. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Ras proteins are membrane-bound small GTPases that act as molecular transducers, coupling cell surface receptors to intracellular effector pathways to regulate cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis [ 3 ] [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Rab proteins are small GTPases that are involved in vesicular trafficking. (modellab.cn)
  • OMIM: 190,070) encodes one of three small guanosine triphosphatase proteins belonging to the RAS family. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This review focuses on the vulnerabilities of RAS that have been targeted by RAS pharmacologic inhibitors, with a focus on RAS-dependent metabolic processes. (tocris.com)
  • Alternatively, farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) were thought to inhibit RAS activation by blocking farnesylation, a key posttranslational modification step of RAS that is essential for RAS function. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
  • Conformation-specific inhibitors of activated Ras GTPases reveal limited Ras dependency of patient-derived cancer organoids. (bvsalud.org)
  • Ras proteins act as molecular switches that cycle between two conformational states: an active GTP-bound state and an inactive GDP-bound state. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The first oncogene was discovered in 1982 by Robert Weinberg, a founding member of Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and professor of biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (mcqsonline.net)
  • Violin plots show distribution of expression levels for TBC1 domain family member 2B (SMED30007341) in cells (dots) of each of the 12 neoblast clusters. (stowers.org)
  • Expression of TBC1 domain family member 2B (SMED30007341) in the t-SNE clustered sub-lethally irradiated X1 and X2 cells. (stowers.org)
  • Violin plots show distribution of expression levels for TBC1 domain family member 2B (SMED30007341) in cells (dots) of each of the 10 clusters of sub-leathally irradiated X1 and X2 cells. (stowers.org)
  • Each member of the p120ctn family consists of a central domain consisting of nine armadillo (arm) repeats broken by a wedge between repeats 5 and 6 plus N- and C-terminal sequences that differ substantially between family members ( Pokutta and Weis, 2007 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Inhibition of R-Ras/R-Ras2 and ROCK1 signaling also triggered the accumulation of abnormal intracellular vesicles, indicating that these signaling molecules regulate the movement of proteins and other molecules in the cellular interior. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ras proteins are essential mediators of a multitude of cellular processes, and its deregulation is frequently associated with cancer appearance, progression, and metastasis. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • RAS proteins are GTPases that transmit extracellular signals into cellular signaling pathways, which could activate cell proliferation, differentiation and survival mechanisms. (promegaconnections.com)
  • The Rho family GTPases Rho, Rac and CDC42 regulate a diverse array of cellular processes. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The Rho family of GTP-binding proteins has been implicated in the regulation of various cellular functions including actin cytoskeleton-dependent morphological change. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • RAB14 belongs to the large RAB family of low molecular mass GTPases that are involved in intracellular membrane trafficking. (novusbio.com)
  • δ-Catenin belongs to the p120 catenin (p120ctn) family of catenins and binds to the cytoplasmic domains of type 1 and 2 cadherins at a membrane proximal region that is not involved in binding of either β-catenin or plakoglobin. (jneurosci.org)
  • Dr. Channing Der is Sarah Graham Kenan Professor of Pharmacology whose studies centre on drugging RAS effector signaling networks. (tocris.com)
  • These variants bound with high affinity with the effector- binding site of Ras in an active conformation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Consistent with classical Ras inhibition, DN R-Ras and R-Ras2 knockdown inhibited proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, DN R-Ras inhibition impaired migration and invasion but not survival. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Inhibition of R-Ras action inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion but not survival. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using these optimized RBD variants, we stratified patient -derived colorectal cancer organoids with known Ras mutational status according to their response to Ras inhibition. (bvsalud.org)
  • Dr. Kirsten Bryant is a Postdoctoral Fellow in Dr. Der's laboratory whose studies focus on exploiting the metabolic dependencies of RAS mutant cancers. (tocris.com)
  • Ras-driven cancers are usually aggressive and difficult to treat. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • However, the mechanisms underlying receptor-dependent regulation of Rho family members remain incompletely understood. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Dbl targets Rho family proteins thereby stimulating their GDP/GTP exchange, and thus is believed to be involved in receptor-mediated regulation of the proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • We further observed that Ras plays an essential role in the regulation of GLR-1 glutamate receptor localization in RMD neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An oncogene is a modified gene that increases the malignancy of a tumor cell. (mcqsonline.net)
  • Some oncogenes, usually involved in early stages of cancer development, increase the chance that a normal cell develops into a tumor cell, possibly resulting in cancer. (mcqsonline.net)
  • Upon activation, it (or its product) becomes a tumor inducing agent, an oncogene. (mcqsonline.net)
  • We have shown that classic Ras proteins promote proliferation and survival, but not migration, in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutant Ras is a driver both in tumor initiation and tumor maintenance [ 5 ] [ 7 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • You can learn more about RAS oncoproteins in a comprehensive review written by Drs. Adrienne Cox, Channing Der and Kirsten Bryant, which is free to download . (tocris.com)
  • R-Ras proteins function distinctly from classic Ras proteins by regulating distinct signaling pathways that promote MPNST tumorigenesis by mediating migration and invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • R-Ras2 was uniformly expressed in MPNST cells, with R-Ras present in a major subset. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An amino-terminal portion conserved among a subset of Dbl family proteins is sufficient for the binding of Gbetagamma. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • RAS proteins function as GDP-GTP regulated binary on-off switches, which regulate a diverse set of cytoplasmic signaling networks. (tocris.com)
  • Accumulating evidences have elucidated connection between the expression of GTPases members and several diseases, including colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and prostate cancer [ 16 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Using oncogene-transformed mammary epithelial cells, we showed that elevated tyrosine kinase activity weakens cell-cell contacts and promotes ECM adhesions (7) . (aacrjournals.org)
  • The conserved arginine residue probably functions as a catalytic arginine finger analogous to that seen in ras and Rho-GAPs. (embl.de)
  • Validation of R-Ras and R-Ras2 action and R-Ras regulated networks was performed using genetic and/or pharmacologic approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thomas Turbyville heads the RAS Initiative's Imaging Research Team, which develops and applies new optical microscopy techniques to understand how RAS molecules move and interact both in living cells and on synthetic membranes. (cancer.gov)
  • Trio and its homologue UNC-73 are unique within the Dbl family insomuch as they encode two distinct DH/PH domain modules. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Growth factors also activate GLI1 through the PI3K/Akt and Ras/MAP kinases cascades, Taribavirin while GPCR activation of PKA represses this process [18,19]. (abic2004.org)
  • Long-termed the "undruggable target", RAS has recently recaptured the attention of cancer researchers. (tocris.com)
  • Kevan, what made you throw your hat in the ring to target RAS initially back when it was deemed undruggable? (cancer.gov)
  • Alterations in Ras signaling are implicated in the development of different diseases, such as neurological disorders, developmental disorders, and autism. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • RAS mutant cancer cells are characterized by increased macropinocytosis and uptake of albumin, leading to lysosomal degradation and release of amino acids. (tocris.com)
  • RAS mutant cancer cells also exhibit altered autophagy , leading to degradation of organelles and proteins, and production of amino acids and other components to support metabolism . (tocris.com)
  • Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like GTPases Also called Dbl-homologous (DH) domain. (embl-heidelberg.de)