All NSP proteins contain an NH 2 -terminal SH2 (Src homology domain 2) domain, a central proline/serine-rich domain, and a COOH-terminal domain with modest homology to Ras subfamily GDP-exchange factors (GEFs). (molvis.org)
Protein12
Rap1 (Ras-proximate-1 or Ras-related protein 1) is a small GTPase , which are small cytosolic proteins that act like cellular switches and are vital for effective signal transduction . (generalrap.com)
There are two isoforms of the Rap1 protein, each encoded by a separate gene, RAP1A and RAP1B . (generalrap.com)
Rap1 belongs to Ras-related protein family. (generalrap.com)
These proteins are divided into families depending on their protein structure, and the most well studied is the Ras superfamily , of which Rap1 is a member. (generalrap.com)
The GTPase Rab11 regulates endosomal protein trafficking and previous work has shown that loss of Rab11 caused intestinal inflammation and hyperplasia in mice and flies. (sdbonline.org)
Publications] Araki,S.: 'Role of the Cーterminal region of smg p25A in its interaction with membranes and the GDP/GTP exchange protein. (nii.ac.jp)
Publications] Sasaki,T.: 'A mammalian inhibitory GDP/GTP exchange protein(GDI)for smg p25A is active on the yeast SEC4 protein. (nii.ac.jp)
Publications] Kaibuchi,K.: 'Molecular cloning and characterization of the stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein(GDS)for smg p21s,ras p21ーlike small GTPーbinding proteins. (nii.ac.jp)
Patrick A. Lewis ABSTRACT Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a multidomain scaffolding protein with dual guanosine triphosphatase ( GTPase ) and kinase enzymatic activities, providing this protein with the capacity to regulate a multitude of signalling pathways. (biologists.com)
Regulators of small G-proteins like guanine nucleotide releasing factor GNRP (Ras-GRF) (which contains 2 PH domains), guanine nucleotide exchange proteins like vav, dbl, SoS and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC24, GTPase activating proteins like rasGAP and BEM2/IPL2, and the human break point cluster protein bcr. (embl.de)
After a ligand binds to the GPCR, it activates a heterotrimeric G-protein, which is composed of three subunits: a guanine nucleotide binding α-subunit, and a βγ-heterodimer (98). (pancreapedia.org)
The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself. (cusabio.com)
Cyclic14
In addition, cAMP binds to and regulates the function of ion channels such as the HCN channels and a few other cyclic nucleotide-binding proteins such as Epac1 and RAPGEF2 . (wikipedia.org)
The N-acylsulfonamide derivative, I942, represents the first non-cyclic nucleotide partial agonist of EPAC1. (bvsalud.org)
Cyclic nucleotides, like other nucleotides, are composed of three functional groups: a ribose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a single phosphate group. (pancreapedia.org)
A cyclic nucleotide, unlike other nucleotides, has a cyclic bond arrangement between the ribose sugar and the phosphate group. (pancreapedia.org)
There are two main groups of cyclic nucleotides: the canonical or well-established and the non-canonical or unknown-function cyclic nucleotides. (pancreapedia.org)
The two well-established cyclic nucleotides are adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and guanine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP). (pancreapedia.org)
The non-canonical cyclic nucleotides include the purines inosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic IMP), xanthosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic XMP) and the pyrimidines cytidine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic cCMP), uridine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic UMP), and thymidine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cTMP) (145). (pancreapedia.org)
A cyclase enzyme (lyase) catalyzes the formation of the cyclic nucleotide from its nucleotide triphosphate precursor ( Figure 1 ). (pancreapedia.org)
Cyclic nucleotides form when the phosphate group of the molecule of nucleotide triphosphate (ATP or GTP) is attacked by the 3' hydroxyl group of the ribose, forming a cyclic 3',5'-phosphate ester with release of pyrophosphate. (pancreapedia.org)
Two isoforms of Epac, namely Epac 1 (RAPGEF3) and Epac 2 (RAPGEF4), have been identified so far, both of which couple cAMP production to the activation of Rap, a small molecular weight GTPase of the Ras family [11]. (researchensemble.com)
Adhesion1
Whereas Ras is known for its role in cell proliferation and survival, Rap1 is predominantly involved in cell adhesion and cell junction formation. (generalrap.com)
Epac11
These are termed Exchange proteins activated by cAMP (Epac) and the family comprises Epac1 and Epac2 . (wikipedia.org)
Actin1
Macropinocytosis GTPase Rab Phosphatase Phosphoinositide EGF Ruffling Macropinocytosis is an actin-driven process that involves the formation and extension of plasma membrane ruffles and the eventual closure of large (≥0.2 to 5.0. (biologists.com)
Small5
In a survey of trafficking regulators required for developmental dendrite pruning in Drosophila sensory neurons, the small GTPase Rab11 was identified as a regulator of recycling endosomes. (sdbonline.org)
We have purified and characterized several GDP/GTP exchange proteins (GDP dissociation stimulator (GDS) and GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI)) and GTPase activating Proteins (GAP) for small G proteins. (nii.ac.jp)
engagement triggers rapid GTP-loading of the small GTPase Rac as a master regulator of cytoskeletal rearrangements and lamellipodia-driven internalization. (biologists.com)
Small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. (cusabio.com)
Subunit2
This study reveals a noncanonical role of AMP-activated kinase in which the α subunit C-terminal regulatory domain serves as a guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor for Arf6 during glucose deprivation. (biologists.com)
The β subunit comprises of 4 cysteine-rich epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeats, a hybrid domain (split in sequence), an I-like domain (βI) and a plexin-sempahorin-integrin (PSI) domain. (mechanobio.info)
Regulates1
Expression of AND-34 regulates epithelial cell growth pattern, motility, and growth factor dependence. (molvis.org)
RhoA2
ARHGAP21 interacts with RhoA-GTP, and acts as a GAP to increase RhoA GTPase activity. (uth.edu)
Acts as an allosteric activator of guanine nucleotide exchange factor ECT2 by binding in its activated GTP-bound form to the PH domain of ECT2 which stimulates the release of PH inhibition and promotes the binding of substrate RHOA to the ECT2 catalytic center. (cusabio.com)
Regulatory2
A Ras exchange motif (REM) domain acts as an intramolecular bridge between the regulatory and the catalytic regions to stabilize the guanine nucleotide exchange (GEF) domain name. (researchensemble.com)
Activated STAT1 and STAT2 monomers dimerize and interact with IRF9 (IFN-regulatory factor 9) in the cytoplasm, which is known as the ISGF3 (IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) factor 3) complex [ 1 , 7 ]. (scientificarchives.com)
Invasion2
In this study, we show that the Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor Tiam1 (T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis) controls the cell polarity of epidermal keratinocytes. (rupress.org)
In 1998 a family of cAMP-sensitive proteins with guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity was discovered. (wikipedia.org)
This study found that Parcas (Pcs) , recently shown to have guanine-nucleotide-exchange (GEF) activity toward Rab11, co-localizes with Rab11 on the trans-side of Golgi units and post-Golgi vesicles at the base of the rhabdomeres in pupal photoreceptors. (sdbonline.org)
Form2
The conversion from the GDP-bound to GTP-bound form and the reverse conversion are induced by GDP/GTP exchange and GTPase reactions, respectively. (nii.ac.jp)
Type I IFN- activated STAT1 can also form a homodimer known as IFNγ-Activated Factor (GAF), which migrates into the nucleus, and binds to IFNγ-Activated Sequences (GAS), to induce proinflammatory genes [ 10 , 11 ]. (scientificarchives.com)
Increase1
8-Br-2-O-Me-cAMP prompted an increase in Rap1 activation, in the scrambling of plasma membrane phospholipids (necessary for the capacitation process), the acrosome reaction, motility, and calcium mobilization, when spermatozoa were incubated in acrosome reaction conditions. (researchensemble.com)
Potential1
Similarly, targeting the Rho-GTPase RAC1 has also been suggested as a potential therapeutic target in cancer. (ucm.es)
It is known that the human Ras GTPase activating protein (GAP) p120-GAP can be phosphorylated by different members of the Src kinase family and recently phosphorylation of the GDP/GTP exchange factor (GEF) CDC25Mm/GRF1 by proteins of the Src kinase family has been revealed in vivo [Kiyono, M., Kaziro, Y. & Satoh, T. (2000) J. Biol. (embl.de)
In addition to its association with Ras, GAP has been shown to bind to several tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in cells stimulated by growth factors or expressing transforming tyrosine kinase variants. (embl.de)
Rap1 (Ras-proximate-1 or Ras-related protein 1) is a small GTPase , which are small cytosolic proteins that act like cellular switches and are vital for effective signal transduction . (wn.com)
Crk proteins activate the Rap1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor C3G by segregated adaptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms. (nih.gov)
Phosphorylation2
The phosphorylation of p120-GAP by p60c-Src inhibited its ability to stimulate the Ha-Ras-GTPase activity, whereas phosphorylation by Lck did not display any effect. (embl.de)
phosphorylation by Lck increased its capacity to stimulate the GDP/GTP exchange on Ha-Ras, whereas its phosphorylation by p60c-Src was ineffective. (embl.de)
Source:HGNC Symbol1
complement factor B [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Regulator1
1. AKAP13, a RhoA GTPase-specific guanine exchange factor, is a novel regulator of TLR2 signaling. (nih.gov)
Kinase2
Epac (Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP) is an important effector for cAMP, which was originally thought to act only through protein kinase A (PKA) or cyclic nucleotide binding ion channels. (pancreapedia.org)
Four squamous domains run shown coding with LCAD CoA suppression( Long Chain) homeostasis, found by the intestine kinase endothelium of protein, the pro-apoptotic receptor regularization of the radical cause scalar endocytosis( SCHAD), and been by the pathway transcription cis-Golgi, tumour-associated in the important Initiation exchanged natural observation. (evakoch.com)
Activate1
In addition to the D1 receptor/PKA/DARPP-32 signaling pathway, D1 receptor stimulation is known to activate Rap1/ERK signaling. (bvsalud.org)
TLR31
6. RhoA GTPase activation by TLR2 and TLR3 ligands: connecting via Src to NF-kappa B. (nih.gov)
Mediates2
9. Guanine-nucleotide exchange factor H1 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α expression in endothelial cells via activation of nuclear factor κB. (nih.gov)
11. A Rho exchange factor mediates fMet-Leu-Phe-induced NF-kappaB activation in human peripheral blood monocytes. (nih.gov)
Functions3
7. The Lbc Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor α-catulin axis functions in serotonin-induced vascular smooth muscle cell mitogenesis and RhoA/ROCK activation. (nih.gov)
Functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), which activates Rap1 small GTPase by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. (nih.gov)
This membrane-associated, cytoplasmic protein functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor and is involved in regulation of adherens junctions between cells. (nih.gov)
Stimulation1
In immunofluorescence experiments, GAP and Tid-1 were shown to colocalize at perinuclear mitochondrial membranes in response to epidermal growth factor stimulation. (embl.de)
Activation2
Epac2 has an additional low affinity cAMP-binding domain at its N-terminus (Kd 87 μM), which has an uncertain function since it is not required for cAMP-induced Rap1 activation (8). (pancreapedia.org)
RasGRP3 activated Ras and Rap1 in glioma cells and increased cell migration and invasion partially via Ras activation. (oncotarget.com)
Essential1
8. The Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor AKAP13 (BRX) is essential for cardiac development in mice. (nih.gov)
growth factor receptor bound protein 2 [Sou. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Domain2
The C-terminal region contains a CDC25-homology domain, a REM (Ras Exchange Motif) and a RA (Ras Association) domain. (pancreapedia.org)
The regulatory region has the cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNB), the Desheveled-Egl-10-Pleckstrin (DEP), which is involved in membrane localization. (pancreapedia.org)