ProteinsLipidsProteinSignal transductionLocalizationDisruptionReceptorsComplexesModel membranesFunctionallyCompared to the plasma membraneLipid membranesInteractionsCellsSphingolipidAlexa FluorDynamicsReceptorVesicularSphingolipids and cholesterolPrionPathwayAlterationsBilayerCompartmentsPlasmaInfectionFractionsCholera toxinCholesterol-richCellImportantlyCompositionDifferentialDistinctRegulateEmergeInteractionStructuralFractionHeterogeneousMeSHInteractsAffinityFormation
Proteins28
- However the validity of the detergent resistance methodology of membranes has recently been called into question due to ambiguities in the lipids and proteins recovered and the observation that they can also cause solid areas to form where there were none previously. (wikipedia.org)
- Lipid rafts localize palmitoylated proteins away from the disordered region of the plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
- This review summarizes key aspects of tetraspanin proteins, with a focus on the functional relevance and structural features of these proteins and how they are organized into a novel type of membrane microdomain. (nih.gov)
- Stomatin, prohibitin, flotillin, and HflK/C (SPFH) domain proteins are found in the lipid raft microdomains of various cellular membranes. (rcsb.org)
- Stomatin/STOPP (stomatin operon partner protein) gene pairs are present in both archaeal and bacterial species, and their protein products may be involved in the quality control of membrane proteins. (rcsb.org)
- This study was undertaken to determine if two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) analysis of proteins in synaptic membrane lipid rafts revealed age-dependent alterations in levels of raft proteins. (ku.edu)
- Five pairs of young and aged rat synaptic membrane rafts were subjected to DIGE separation, followed by image analysis and identification of significantly altered proteins. (ku.edu)
- Microdomains or lipid rafts greatly affect the distribution of proteins and peptides in the membrane and play a vital role in the formation and activation of receptor/protein complexes. (frontiersin.org)
- Our simulation experiments indicate, that for receptor/raft ratios smaller than 1, i.e., when the number of raft compartments clearly exceeds the number of pathway specific membrane proteins, we observe significant decrease in LRP6 phosphorylation and downstream pathway activity. (frontiersin.org)
- What is now clear is that certain membrane lipids can function as messenger signals that regulate cell growth, proliferation, inflammation, and programmed cell death processes, while other membrane lipids appear to cluster together in bilayers to form microdomains that regulate the spatial distribution and lateral interactions of membrane proteins. (umn.edu)
- Our research focuses on membrane lipids known as sphingolipids and on proteins that interact in non-enzymatic fashion with sphingolipids. (umn.edu)
- Such proteins include sphingolipid transfer proteins that function as transporters to shuttle sphingolipids between intracellular membranes as well as lipid-binding domains (e.g. (umn.edu)
- The findings have proven to be important for current understanding how the spatial organization of lipids in membranes can regulate proteins that translocate onto membranes to function. (umn.edu)
- We have since focused our efforts on specific proteins that can bind and transfer sphingolipids between membrane surfaces and that may help formation and maintain 'raft' microdomains in cells. (umn.edu)
- These sphingolipid transfer proteins were initially identified as glycolipid transfer proteins (GLTPs) due to their specificity for transferring glycosphingolipids between membranes. (umn.edu)
- ADAM17 is a metalloprotease and disintegrin that lodges in the plasmatic membrane of several cell types and is able to cleave a wide variety of cell surface proteins. (frontiersin.org)
- A Disintegrin and Metalloproteases (ADAM), originally named metalloproteinases disintegrin cystein-rich (MDC), are membrane-anchored cell surface proteins containing both disintegrin and metalloproteinase domains. (frontiersin.org)
- Following his return to Geneva, (department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine), he became involved in the study of lymphocyte surface proteins and receptors, and more generally, in the structure of plasma membranes. (eurekaselect.com)
- In this report, we took advantage of the tractability of the prokaryotic model Bacillus subtilis to provide evidence for the coexistence of two distinct families of FMMs in bacterial membranes, displaying a distinctive distribution of proteins specialized in different biological processes. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- One family of microdomains harbors the scaffolding flotillin protein FloA that selectively tethers proteins specialized in regulating cell envelope turnover and primary metabolism. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- In the present study, we examined potential contributory roles of membrane-associated, cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts/caveolae and their constituent proteins (e.g., caveolin-1 [Cav-1]) as potential sites for IL-1β−induced nitric oxide (NO) release in the isolated β-cell. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Moreover, clustering of MHC proteins at the cell surface resulted in shifts of the respective DRMs, revealing proximity-induced changes in the membrane environment. (silverchair.com)
- Moreover, lateral motility of membrane proteins was analyzed by calculating diffusion coefficients and kymograph analysis, which represented an alternative method for examining protein motility. (biomedcentral.com)
- Prion proteins are concentrated to these lipid raft regions. (carroll.edu)
- TAKE AWAY: Lipid microdomains are ordered regions of the plasma membrane enriched in cholesterol, glycosphingolipids (GSL), GPI-anchored and signalling-related proteins. (pasteur.fr)
- Remorins are plant specific proteins found in plasma membrane microdomains (termed lipid or membrane rafts) and plasmodesmata. (elsevierpure.com)
- Subcellular localization analysis using fluorescently tagged NtREM, ToMV, and viral replication and movement proteins (MPs) indicated that virus infection and transient expression of the viral proteins promoted the formation of NtREM aggregates by altering the subcellular distribution of NtREM, which was localized uniformly on the plasma membrane under normal conditions. (elsevierpure.com)
- Sasaki, N, Takashima, E & Nyunoya, H 2018, ' Altered subcellular localization of a tobacco membrane raft-associated remorin protein by tobamovirus infection and transient expression of viral replication and movement proteins ', Frontiers in Plant Science , vol. 9, 619. (elsevierpure.com)
Lipids10
- Although not all of the phospholipids within the raft are fully saturated, the hydrophobic chains of the lipids contained in the rafts are more saturated and tightly packed than the surrounding bilayer. (wikipedia.org)
- Due to the rigid nature of the sterol group, cholesterol partitions preferentially into the lipid rafts where acyl chains of the lipids tend to be more rigid and in a less fluid state. (wikipedia.org)
- One important property of membrane lipids is their amphipathic character. (wikipedia.org)
- Cholesterol can pack in between the lipids in rafts, serving as a molecular spacer and filling any voids between associated sphingolipids. (wikipedia.org)
- Rafts are microdomains within cell membranes that are enriched in saturated lipids, such as sphingolipids, and cholesterol. (nih.gov)
- Recently, a body of evidence is growing that Aβ aggregation is facilitated in the presence of particular membranes lipids such as gangliosides and cholesterol and furthermore, that Aβ toxicities emerge through interaction with specific neuronal membrane microdomains such as lipid rafts. (hindawi.com)
- The molecular building blocks of bilayer membranes are specialized lipids that are polar and nonpolar at their opposite ends. (umn.edu)
- Interestingly, there are many more varieties of lipids found in membranes than are needed to form bilayers. (umn.edu)
- Our research elucidated sphingolipid structural features that regulate their interactions with other membrane lipids and provided insights into the unique physical features at the heart of the lateral organizing functionality of sphingolipid-enriched microdomains. (umn.edu)
- MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
Protein15
- The plasma membranes of cells contain combinations of glycosphingolipids, cholesterol and protein receptors organised in glycolipoprotein lipid microdomains termed lipid rafts. (wikipedia.org)
- It has been proposed that they are specialized membrane microdomains which compartmentalize cellular processes by serving as organising centers for the assembly of signaling molecules, allowing a closer interaction of protein receptors and their effectors to promote kinetically favorable interactions necessary for the signal transduction. (wikipedia.org)
- Lipid rafts influence membrane fluidity and membrane protein trafficking, thereby regulating neurotransmission and receptor trafficking. (wikipedia.org)
- This procedure yielded a consistent raft product that was enriched in cholesterol, gangliosides sphingo-myelin and membrane raft protein markers including lck and lat 1. (upenn.edu)
- Rafts may serve to cluster protein complexes, such as those involved in signal transduction, thereby facilitating signaling. (nih.gov)
- This sequence is raft associated and sufficient to target PC1 (its native molecule) or a reporter protein to the regulated secretory pathways. (nih.gov)
- Specialized membrane microdomains known as 'lipid rafts' contain protein complexes involved in many signal transduction processes. (ku.edu)
- Lipid rafts are membrane microdomains specialized in the regulation of numerous cellular processes related to membrane organization, as diverse as signal transduction, protein sorting, membrane trafficking or pathogen invasion. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- A study by White et al (2009) found that psychosine's cytotoxic effects on oligodendroglia and Schwann cells was mediated through disruption of the architecture and composition of lipid rafts (cell membrane regions characterized by high cholesterol and sphingolipid concentration), followed by altered protein kinase C (PKC) function. (medscape.com)
- Important biological events associated with plasma membranes, such as signal transduction, cell adhesion, and protein trafficking, are mediated through the membrane microdomains. (mdpi.com)
- The antibody PAG-C1 recognizes an epitope located in the intracellular C-terminal domain of Csk-binding protein (Cbp / PAG), a 46 kDa ubiquitously expressed transmembrane adaptor protein present in membrane rafts (glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains), which however migrates on SDS PAGE gels anomalously as an 80 kDa molecule. (exbio.cz)
- PAG (phosphoprotein associated with GEMs), also known as Cbp (Csk-binding protein), is a ubiquitously expressed 46 kDa transmembrane adaptor protein present in membrane rafts (glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains), which however migrates on SDS PAGE gels anomalously as an 80 kDa molecule. (exbio.cz)
- The present study presented experimental evidence on illustrating the use of VAEM in tracking and dissecting protein dynamics, dissecting endosomal dynamics, cell structure assembly along with membrane microdomain and protein motility in intact plant cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- Concomitantly, the MVM-infected cells demonstrated increased levels of the glycosphingolipid GM1 (an essential raft lipid component) throughout the gradient and a shift in caveolin 1 (a raft protein marker) toward lighter membrane fractions compared with noninfected cells. (huji.ac.il)
- Macrophage CD4 and CCR5 were found to partition with the detergent-resistant membranes with a typical raft-associating protein flotillin-1. (ox.ac.uk)
Signal transduction1
- We recently discovered that bacterial membranes organize their signal transduction pathways in functional membrane microdomains (FMMs) that are structurally and functionally similar to the eukaryotic lipid rafts. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Localization7
- Co-localization of the C subunit of cytolethal distending toxin to rafts was determined using patching techniques. (upenn.edu)
- A prominent example for the decisive impact of lipid rafts on signaling is LRP6, whose localization to the same lipid rafts domain as the kinase CK1γ is crucial for its successful phosphorylation and the subsequent activation of the signalosome, hence WNT/β-catenin signaling. (frontiersin.org)
- Even though LRP6 is homogenously distributed in the membrane and only a minor fraction is raft-associated, its localization to lipid rafts is vital for the activation of the LRP6 signalosome, hence wnt/β-catenin signaling. (frontiersin.org)
- Moreover, we identified two structural motifs in transmembrane segments 2 and 4 involved in mTRPA1-cholesterol interactions that are necessary for normal agonist sensitivity and plasma membrane localization. (elifesciences.org)
- To determine TRPA1 localization in cellular membranes we stained HEK293T cells transfected with the mTRPA1-mCherry construct with the Vybrant Alexa Fluor 488 Lipid Raft Labeling Kit. (elifesciences.org)
- Assembly of CD8 alpha-beta but not alpha-alpha dimers is connected with formation or localization to the lipid rafts. (exbio.cz)
- Pang DJ, Hayday AC, Bijlmakers MJ: CD8 Raft localization is induced by its assembly into CD8alpha beta heterodimers, not CD8alpha alpha homodimers. (exbio.cz)
Disruption4
- This may indicate a disruption in bioenergetic balance and redox homeostasis in synaptic rafts with brain aging. (ku.edu)
- Disruption of lipid rafts (e.g., with cyclodextrin) markedly reduced IL-1β−induced gene expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and NO release from β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Indeed, the microdomain disruption can dampen fungus-host cell adhesion, phagocytosis and cellular immune responses. (pasteur.fr)
- Cholesterol disruption of macrophage membranes using four pharmacological agents acting by different mechanisms: methyl-beta cyclodextrin, nystatin, filipin complex and Lovastatin, all significantly inhibited productive HIV entry and reverse transcription. (ox.ac.uk)
Receptors1
- Refrigerated storage reduces platelet life-span because it causes glycoprotein-Ib (GPIb) receptors to cluster on specific microdomains of the platelet membrane. (sbir.gov)
Complexes5
- citation needed] Because of their composition and detergent resistance, lipid rafts are also called detergent-insoluble glycolipid-enriched complexes (GEMs) or DIGs or Detergent Resistant Membranes (DRMs). (wikipedia.org)
- The recent identification of plasma membrane (Ca2+)-ATPase (PMCA)-Neuroplastin (Np) complexes has renewed attention on cell regulation of cytosolic calcium extrusion, which is of particular relevance in neurons. (irb.hr)
- Here, we tested the hypothesis that PMCA-Neuroplastin complexes exist in specific ganglioside-containing rafts, which could affect calcium homeostasis. (irb.hr)
- We propose that GM1 could be a key sphingolipid for ensuring proper location of the PMCA-Neuroplastin complexes into rafts in order to participate in the regulation of neuronal calcium homeostasis. (irb.hr)
- Recruiting triggered TCR complexes to these membrane microdomains as well as affinity of TCR to MHC I is modulated by CD8, thereby affecting the functional diversity of the TCR signaling. (exbio.cz)
Model membranes1
- Rietveld & Simons related lipid rafts in model membranes to the immiscibility of ordered (Lo phase) and disordered (Ld or Lα phase) liquid phases. (wikipedia.org)
Functionally4
- Tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs) are emerging as entities physically and functionally distinct from lipid rafts. (nih.gov)
- Bilayer membranes also serve as internal partitions to enable formation of functionally-specialized compartments within cells. (umn.edu)
- Van Blerkom J, Zimmermann S. Ganglioside-enriched microdomains define an oolemma that is functionally polarized with respect to fertilizability in the mouse. (ucdenver.edu)
- This regulation ensures a sequential assembly of functionally specialized membrane microdomains to strategically organize signaling networks at the right time during the lifespan of a bacterium. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Compared to the plasma membrane1
- Also, lipid rafts are enriched in sphingolipids such as sphingomyelin, which is typically elevated by 50% compared to the plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Lipid membranes2
- In particular, the impact of α-spinasterol on the structure and organization of lipid membranes was investigated and compared with those of cholesterol. (mdpi.com)
- Mechanistically, BH4 is a potent radical-trapping antioxidant that protects lipid membranes from autoxidation, alone and in synergy with vitamin E. Dihydrofolate reductase catalyzes the regeneration of BH4, and its inhibition by methotrexate synergizes with GPX4 inhibition. (biomed.news)
Interactions3
- We discuss the impact of such interactions on TRPA1 gating mechanisms, regulation by the lipid environment, and role of this channel in sensory membrane microdomains, all of which helps to understand the puzzling pharmacology and pathophysiology of this channel. (elifesciences.org)
- Membrane Interactions, Ligand-Dependent Dynamics, and Stability of Cytochrome P4503A4 in Lipid Nanodiscs. (ucdenver.edu)
- a role for membrane microdomains in host-virus Interactions. (rutgers.edu)
Cells15
- The extraction would take advantage of lipid raft resistance to non-ionic detergents, such as Triton X-100 or Brij-98 at low temperatures (e.g., 4 °C). When such a detergent is added to cells, the fluid membrane will dissolve while the lipid rafts may remain intact and could be extracted. (wikipedia.org)
- Eukaryotic cells, including human cells, surround themselves with bilayer membranes, i.e. thin, flexible layers that are only two molecules thick. (umn.edu)
- A second population of microdomains containing the two scaffolding flotillins, FloA and FloT, arises exclusively at later stages of cell growth and specializes in adaptation of cells to stationary phase. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- We discovered that bacterial cells control the spatio-temporal remodeling of microdomains by restricting the activation of FloT expression to stationary phase. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- Here we provide the first evidence to suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of Cav-1 and subsequent interaction among members of the Ras signaling pathway within the membrane lipid microdomains represent early signaling mechanisms of IL-1β in β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
- In this study, by applying a new approach involving microscopy and flow cytometry, we characterize membrane lipid order in ex vivo primary human CD4(+) T cells. (birmingham.ac.uk)
- T cells with high membrane order formed stable immune synapses and proliferated robustly, intermediate order cells had reduced proliferative ability accompanied by unstable immune synapse formation, whereas low order T cells were profoundly unresponsive to TCR activation. (birmingham.ac.uk)
- This may be important in dictating the nature of the immune response since most IFN-gamma(+)CD4(+) T cells were confined within intermediate membrane order populations, whereas IL-4(+)CD4(+) T cells were contained within the high order populations. (birmingham.ac.uk)
- Thus, the results presented from this study identify that ex vivo CD4(+) T cells sustain a gradient of plasma membrane lipid order that influences their function in terms of proliferation and cytokine production. (birmingham.ac.uk)
- Using insect cells cultured in cholesterol depleted medium, lipid raft reduction occurred. (carroll.edu)
- Conversion assays can now be performed on cholesterol depleted cells to determine if lipid raft reduction influences prion conversion. (carroll.edu)
- Interestingly, floatation gradient analysis revealed that the majority of the PrP Sc internalized into MVM-infected cells shifted toward raft-containing low-density fractions. (huji.ac.il)
- Interestingly, floatation gradient analysis revealed that the majority of the PrPSc internalized into MVM-infected cells shifted toward raft-containing low-density fractions. (huji.ac.il)
- Here, we provide an overview of regulatory strategies employed by pathogenic fungi to engage with and potentially subvert the lipid microdomains of host cells. (pasteur.fr)
- Macrophages are an important natural target cell for HIV-1, but previous studies of virus entry into these cells are limited, and the involvement of membrane cholesterol and lipid rafts is unknown. (ox.ac.uk)
Sphingolipid1
- To offset the elevated sphingolipid levels, phosphatidylcholine levels are decreased which results in similar choline-containing lipid levels between the rafts and the surrounding plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Alexa Fluor1
- Moreover, rafts were visualized using Alexa Fluor 647 cholera toxin capped with anti-cholera toxin antibody. (upenn.edu)
Dynamics1
- This cell wall may contain virulence factors that interfere with the host membrane microdomains dynamics, potentially impacting the infection outcome. (pasteur.fr)
Receptor9
- Using a number of techniques such as pulse-chase, subcellular fractionation, lipid analysis by quantitative TLC and fluorescence immunocytochemistry, we have demonstrated that cholesterol is the most abundant lipid in the membranes of the TGN and secretory granules, and that the function of CPE as a sorting receptor is dependent on cholesterol. (nih.gov)
- Extrapolating/Translating these values to the membrane of a "normal sized" cell yields a raft abundance, that, by far, outnumbers the membrane-associated pathway components of most individual signaling pathway, such as receptor and kinases. (frontiersin.org)
- To analyze whether and how the quantitative ratio between receptor and rafts affects LRP6 phosphorylation and WNT/β-catenin pathway activation, we present a computational modeling study, that for the first time employs realistic raft numbers in a compartment-based pathway model. (frontiersin.org)
- Our results suggest that pathway specific targeting and sorting mechanism are required to significantly narrow down the receptor/raft ratio and to enable the formation of the LRP6 signalosome, hence signaling. (frontiersin.org)
- For most individual signaling pathway, this quantitative point of view would imply, that rafts clearly outnumber the membrane-associated pathway components, such as receptor and kinases. (frontiersin.org)
- Here, we apply computational modeling to analyze whether and how the quantitative ratio between receptor and rafts affects LRP6 phosphorylation and WNT/β-catenin pathway activation. (frontiersin.org)
- Thus, we investigated changes in P2X3 receptor distribution in the lipid raft membrane compartment, their phosphorylation state, as well as their function with patch clamping. (biomedcentral.com)
- Anantin application caused preferential P2X3 receptor redistribution to the lipid raft compartment and decreased P2X3 serine phosphorylation, two phenomena that were not interdependent. (biomedcentral.com)
- Tonic inhibition of P2X3 receptor activity by BNP/NPR-A/PKG pathways occurs via two distinct mechanisms: P2X3 serine phosphorylation and receptor redistribution to non-raft membrane compartments. (biomedcentral.com)
Vesicular1
- With the use of total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy we found a population of highly mobile vesicular structures near the cellular membrane containing both mTRPA1-mCherry and the lipid raft marker cholera toxin B ( Figure 1A and B , Video 1 ), as well as static areas where both fluorescent probes were colocalized at the membrane. (elifesciences.org)
Sphingolipids and cholesterol1
- Lipid rafts are local assemblies of highly concentrated sphingolipids and cholesterol in the cell membrane. (frontiersin.org)
Prion1
- therefore, the association of exogenous PrP Sc with such membrane microdomains may facilitate prion infection. (huji.ac.il)
Pathway2
- Several studies suggested an involvement of lipid rafts in the WNT /β-catenin pathway. (frontiersin.org)
- This scholarly research reveals that pharmacological arousal from the ABCA1-reliant cholesterol efflux pathway disrupts membrane cholesterol homeostasis, resulting in the inhibition of virusCcell fusion and HCV cell entry thus. (uawildlifeschool.org)
Alterations1
- [ 15 ] Psychosine was found to accumulate preferentially in white matter, with associated regional cholesterol increases causing alterations of lipid raft (LR) markers flotillin-2 and caveolin-1. (medscape.com)
Bilayer2
- Lipid rafts are more ordered and tightly packed than the surrounding bilayer, but float freely within the membrane bilayer. (wikipedia.org)
- Research has shown that lipid rafts contain 3 to 5-fold the amount of cholesterol found in the surrounding bilayer. (wikipedia.org)
Compartments1
- Therefore, a simulation model is needed, that takes a realistic number of lipid rafts as compartments into account. (frontiersin.org)
Plasma9
- One key difference between lipid rafts and the plasma membranes from which they are derived is lipid composition. (wikipedia.org)
- By one early definition of lipid rafts, lipid rafts differ from the rest of the plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
- have hypothesized that the lipid rafts can be extracted from a plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
- However, according to various experimental measurements, approximately 25 to 35 % of the cell plasma membrane is covered by nanoscopic raft domains with diameters ranging between 10 to 200 nm. (frontiersin.org)
- However, it is currently unknown whether TRPA1 is localized in specific domains of the plasma membrane, or whether cholesterol interacts with specific residues of TRPA1. (elifesciences.org)
- Following this lead, he contributed to the concept of plasma membrane rafts, or plasma membrane microdomains, which constitute specialized domains where transmembrane signaling can be initiated. (eurekaselect.com)
- The results of cell surface biotinylation and subsequent DRM isolation show that precursors for both DRMs coexist in the plasma membrane. (silverchair.com)
- Lipid microdomains or lipid rafts are dynamic and tightly ordered regions of the plasma membrane. (pasteur.fr)
- The bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay indicated that NtREM might interact directly with the MP on the plasma membrane and around plasmodesmata. (elsevierpure.com)
Infection4
- Our results suggest that the effect of viral infection on membrane lipid composition may promote the incorporation of exogenous PrP Sc into rafts. (huji.ac.il)
- Host cell membrane microdomains and fungal infection. (pasteur.fr)
- The inhibitory impact could possibly be reversed by an exogenous cholesterol source, indicating that limitation of HCV an infection was induced by adjustments of cholesterol content material/distribution in membrane locations needed for virus-cell fusion. (uawildlifeschool.org)
- HIV particles were observed co-localising with a marker of lipid rafts (CTB-FITC) early post infection. (ox.ac.uk)
Fractions2
- Biochemically, membrane rafts are isolated by solubolization in ice-cold Triton X-100 and separation of the low-buoyant density fractions from soluble material on sucrose density gradients. (upenn.edu)
- We analyzed the abundance of all four PMCA paralogs (PMCA1-4) and Neuroplastin isoforms (Np65 and Np55) in lipid rafts and bulk membrane fractions from GM2/GD2 synthase-deficient mouse brains. (irb.hr)
Cholera toxin1
- The ability of the B-subunit of cholera toxin to bind GM1 has been exploited to visualize membrane rafts by confocal microscopy in patching and capping experiments. (upenn.edu)
Cholesterol-rich2
- LY364947 Impaired virus-cell entrance correlated with the reorganisation of cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains (lipid rafts). (uawildlifeschool.org)
- HCV cell entrance needs cholesterol homeostasis and intact cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains [22]. (uawildlifeschool.org)
Cell8
- Although more common in the cell membrane, lipid rafts have also been reported in other parts of the cell, such as the Golgi apparatus and lysosomes. (wikipedia.org)
- We describe the isolation of Jurkat cell-specific membrane rafts using 2% Triton X-100. (upenn.edu)
- These microdomains now provide a context in which to evaluate tetraspanins in the regulation of growth factor signaling and in the modulation of integrin-mediated post-cell adhesion events. (nih.gov)
- The discovery of these membrane lipid functions underscores why cell membranes so often come under direct attack during cancer and infectious disease. (umn.edu)
- Detergent-insoluble CELL MEMBRANE components. (ucdenver.edu)
- Membrane lipid microdomains (lipid rafts) play an important role in T cell function by forming areas of high lipid order that facilitate activation. (birmingham.ac.uk)
- Importantly, we were able to alter T cell function by pharmacologically manipulating membrane order. (birmingham.ac.uk)
- This could represent a new mechanism to control T cell functional plasticity, raising the possibility that therapeutic targeting of membrane lipid order could direct altered immune cell activation in pathology. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Importantly1
- Importantly, the diversification of membrane microdomains does not occur arbitrarily. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Composition1
- Therefore, we conclude that altered composition or disorganization of ganglioside-containing rafts results in changed regulation of calcium signals in neurons. (irb.hr)
Differential1
- We reveal that differential membrane lipid order dictates the response to TCR stimulation. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Distinct1
- Our results suggest that the preference of MHC I and MHC II for distinct membrane rafts directs them to different cellular entry points. (silverchair.com)
Regulate1
- Soluble klotho binds monosialoganglioside to regulate membrane microdomains and growth factor signaling. (ucdenver.edu)
Emerge1
- We began investigating sphingolipids many years ago as findings began to emerge showing that certain sphingolipids form 'raft' microdomains in membranes containing cholesterol. (umn.edu)
Interaction1
- Raft association of CPE likely facilitates its interaction with its prohormone cargo. (nih.gov)
Structural2
- Sterols play a unique role for the structural and dynamical organization of membranes. (mdpi.com)
- Cholesterol can be an essential structural element of natural membranes and is vital for LY364947 the uptake of several infections. (uawildlifeschool.org)
Fraction2
- These low-density membrane microdomains have been referred to as detergent-resistant membranes, Triton-insoluble membranes, and Triton-insoluble floating fraction. (upenn.edu)
- Crude thymus membrane fraction. (exbio.cz)
Heterogeneous1
- It has been proposed that this functional diversity would require a heterogeneous population of raft domains with varying compositions. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
MeSH1
- Membrane Microdomains" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ucdenver.edu)
Interacts1
- Despite emergent evidence that TRPA1 is regulated by the membrane environment, it remains unknown whether this channel localizes in membrane microdomains or whether it interacts with cholesterol. (elifesciences.org)
Affinity1
- Sapon K, Janas T, Sikorski AF, Janas T. Polysialic acid chains exhibit enhanced affinity for ordered regions of membranes. (ucdenver.edu)
Formation1
- This phase height mismatch has been shown to increase line tension which may lead to the formation of larger and more circular raft platforms to minimize the energetic cost of maintaining the rafts as a separate phase. (wikipedia.org)