Depleted uraniumUranium oresContaminationReactorParticlesFissionRadiumConfinementDecayIodineLeakRisksWasteTritiumRadionuclidesDustNuclear powerScientistsToxicConcentrationsGarbageAtmospherePosesHighlyProducesWaterMaterialsDecadesDisposalChemicals releasedEnvironmentMaterialNaturalSafeFormSpectrumDesignPublicHugeFoundSitePress releaseDegreesAreaEnergyTimeImportantFireStudyHalfYears
Depleted uranium1
- When depleted uranium ammunitions hit their targets, they release radioactive particles, as well as dust containing toxic heavy-metal elements. (converge.org.nz)
Uranium ores2
- A systematic search for the total radioactivity in uranium ores also guided Pierre and Marie Curie to isolate two new elements: polonium and radium. (wikipedia.org)
- Radium is responsible for much of the radioactivity of uranium ores. (theodoregray.com)
Contamination7
- Apart from their immediate effects, they have dramatic long-term effects on their victims - and also on their users - through radioactive contamination. (converge.org.nz)
- This brief animated video describes the concepts of radiation exposure and contamination with radioactive materials, to help people understand how to protect themselves in a radiation emergency and how these terms are used differently than in an infectious disease emergency. (cdc.gov)
- Removing radioactive contamination (decontamination) will be an important protective action in a radiation emergency. (cdc.gov)
- Although U.S. nuclear power plant regulators monitor operational safety, natural hazards (such as hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes), human error, mechanical failure, and design flaws can still trigger the release of radioactive contamination. (nrdc.org)
- The organisation has previously drawn attention to routine Tritium releases and the resulting contamination of borehole water and the water table surrounding Koeberg, in its submissions on the environmental impact of a previous project known as Nuclear 1 - is now concerned about further issues which have emerged from an informal forensic study of the discharge. (medialternatives.com)
- The report however failed to explain a contamination incident inside the plant affecting 91 workers at the time the report was drafted, and in all likelihood the result of Tritium. (medialternatives.com)
- Washington, DC - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has unveiled a plan allowing radioactive contamination in drinking water at concentrations vastly greater than the levels permitted by the Safe Drinking Water Act for long periods following release of nuclear materials, according to Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility (PEER). (peer.org)
Reactor12
- Until 1971, Hanford's radioactive reactor effluent was discharged straight into the Columbia River, which has long been a vital waterway to the nearby towns of Richland, Pasco, and Kennewick, referred to today as the Tri-Cities. (uchicago.edu)
- Yet the incident provoked widespread alarm about nuclear power-no doubt aided by the release, just 12 days earlier, of The China Syndrome , a Jane Fonda film about a potential reactor meltdown. (newrepublic.com)
- In fission, the nuclear fuel is placed in a nuclear reactor core and the atoms making up the fuel are broken into pieces, releasing energy. (nrdc.org)
- If uncontrolled, that chain reaction could produce so much heat that the nuclear reactor core itself could actually melt and release dangerous radiation. (nrdc.org)
- INFORMATION released by environmental organisation Koeberg Alert Alliance (KAA), point to ongoing reactor design problems associated with normal operations at the plant. (medialternatives.com)
- According to the Nuclear Industry Association of South Africa (NIASA) "The greatest source of radioactivity in the reactor coolant circuit is, however, irradiation of the coolant itself. (medialternatives.com)
- They become radioactive due to neutron bombardment as they circulate through the reactor with the primary circuit cooling water. (medialternatives.com)
- As the pumps stopped, the reactors overheated due to the high radioactive weaken the heat that normally continues for hours or days after a nuclear reactor shuts down. (essaymonster.net)
- Why would anyone visit a radioactive ghost town or the remnants of a nuclear reactor? (sciencehistory.org)
- Radioactive materials persist in the soil and groundwater, and leftover waste from the reactor trickles from leaky underground tanks. (sciencehistory.org)
- The steam used to cool the reactor never comes in direct contact with the radioactive material (or shouldn't) and even if it does the water is cleaned before being released back out into the river/lake it was obtained from. (pinktentacle.com)
- The safety objectives are the prevention of chain reactions, the cooling of the reactor core and fuel elements and confinement of radioactive substances. (bmuv.de)
Particles8
- He explained that "the four DU particles were near the upper end of the "'respirable' size range, which is about 5 micrometres. (converge.org.nz)
- As the local newspaper, the Tri-City Herald, reports, this has happened multiple times in the last five years, such as when a building demolition released plutonium dust that blew for miles, or when plutonium and americium particles contaminated workers' cars, including a rental later returned to the company. (uchicago.edu)
- Dr. Morgan explained to me that the way plutonium works is basically like this: when a particle of plutonium lodges in the body, the localized radiation dose to the nearby living cells from one of the "fine particles" can be 1000's of REM per year if the plutonium stays fixed in one place. (animatedsoftware.com)
- This issue was based on the premise that high dose rates to cells adjacent to radioactive particles deposited in the lungs led to much greater cancer risks than were represented by averaging the dose over the total lung tissue. (animatedsoftware.com)
- All these averaging factors and searching for a threshold of noticable effects denies the excruciatingly obvious point that Dr. Morgan was making: If you release billions and billions of particles in a spectrum of respirable sizes into the atmosphere, people will breath them and health effects will occur. (animatedsoftware.com)
- It is simply that such a great many billions of particles might be released in the first place, and each one is capable of producing a health effect. (animatedsoftware.com)
- The energies of the beta-particles from a radioactive source forms a spectrum up to a maximum energy - see figure below. (wikibooks.org)
- Probably the most important safety feature of the PBMR is that radioactive fission products produced during system operation are confined within the fuel during all operating and accident conditions in such a way that there will be no significant release of radioactivity from the fuel particles. (modernpowersystems.com)
Fission8
- Dread toward nuclear fission, Weart notes, predates the Manhattan Project: "Ever since the discovery of radioactivity at the beginning of the twentieth century, this has been depicted as a power that man was not meant to wield. (newrepublic.com)
- But when a neutron strikes the nucleus of certain atoms-uranium, for example-this atomic center can break into pieces in a process called nuclear fission, releasing enormous energy in the form of heat and radiation. (nrdc.org)
- Nuclear power comes from the energy that is released in the process of nuclear fission. (nrdc.org)
- The neutrons that are released by one atomic fission go on to fission other nuclei, triggering a chain reaction that produces heat, radiation, and radioactive waste products. (nrdc.org)
- The energy released from the fission of uranium atoms heats water, which produces steam. (nrdc.org)
- that radioactive fission products bred in a chain-reacting pile might be used to poison the German food supply. (ratical.org)
- This fact -- that from the beginning it was understood that nuclear technology provided a new form of biological weapon "fatal to living beings" disbursed via the radioactive matter generated in the reaction -- coupled with the fact that the nuclear fuel "cycle" continues to generate more and more lethal hi-level and low-level radioactive fission products, has created an absolutely untenable situation for the ongoing survival of life on Earth. (ratical.org)
- The silicon carbide layer, in particular, is so dense up to temperatures of 1650°C that no radiologically significant quantities of gaseous or metallic fission products are released from the fuel elements. (modernpowersystems.com)
Radium5
- Except for the radioactivity of radium, the chemical similarity of radium to barium made these two elements difficult to distinguish. (wikipedia.org)
- After their research on Becquerel's rays led them to the discovery of both radium and polonium, they coined the term "radioactivity" to define the emission of ionizing radiation by some heavy elements. (wikipedia.org)
- Uranium is radioactive too, but radium is much, much more intensely radioactive, so even tiny amounts in an ore can greatly increase its overall radioactivity. (theodoregray.com)
- This pretty much clinched the argument that radioactivity must be not only harmless, but positively beneficial, and a health craze quickly ensued in the form of "Radithor" water irradiators, thorium drinks, radium drinks, and so on. (theodoregray.com)
- Tobacco radioactivity is high "the radiation dose from radium and polonium found naturally in tobacco can be a thousand times more than that from the caesium 137 taken up by the leaves from the Chernobyl nuclear accident," says the article "Tobacco's radiation dose far higher than leaves at Chernobyl" ( news service , 2 June 2007). (globalcigarettebrands.com)
Confinement1
- This safe confinement of radioactivity is assured by the design of the fuel particle coatings. (modernpowersystems.com)
Decay5
- Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation. (wikipedia.org)
- Radioactive decay is a stochastic (i.e. random) process at the level of single atoms. (wikipedia.org)
- Subsequently, the radioactive displacement law of Fajans and Soddy was formulated to describe the products of alpha and beta decay. (wikipedia.org)
- Nickel, since it has 30 neutrons, loses a proton and gains a neutron to become radioactive Cobalt-58, which itself experiences its own decay chain. (medialternatives.com)
- spores, etc. (vi) Extra terrestrial substances (vii) Volcanic eruption-releasing CO, H2S, SO 2 etc. (viii) Decay products of natural organic or inorganic substances. (cyberpointsolution.com)
Iodine3
- Inside, it is filled with tips like "Six Facts You Need to Know About KI-Potassium Iodide" (No. 1: it can protect your thyroid if you are exposed to radioactive iodine) and "helpful answers" to questions like "Could Indian Point explode like a bomb? (ipsecinfo.org)
- Radioactive iodine is picked up by the active cells in the thyroid, and it destroys them. (nccmed.com)
- The general population may be exposed to radioactive iodine-131 at 10,350 pico-curies per liter of water. (peer.org)
Leak2
- Then, In 1979, a massive leak of radioactive water exposed 300 workers to much more than permissible levels of radiation -- 1 millirem per hour per person. (org.in)
- However, the agency said it could not confirm whether there had been an uncontrolled leak of radioactivity. (blogspot.com)
Risks5
- DOT separates hazardous materials into nine different hazard classes based on their common properties and risks. (osha-safety-training.net)
- Both Federal and State regulatory requirements and Johns Hopkins policies require employees and staff to receive certain safety training and stay informed about potential health and safety risks or hazards in the workplace. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Because of these risks families with young children must sign a release form acknowledging such hazards before they enter the site. (sciencehistory.org)
- This book has been prepared by a National Research Council (NRC) committee in response to the growing recognition of the central place of chemistry in society, the special risks that are encountered by people who work with chemicals in the laboratory, and the potential hazards that are presented to the public by their use, transport, and disposal. (nationalacademies.org)
- Although some readers may wish to become familiar with the entire book, others may be concerned with only one or two chapters, such as Chapter 3 (Evaluating Hazards and Assessing Risks in the Laboratory), Chapter 4 (Management of Chemicals), or Chapter 5 (Working with Chemicals). (nationalacademies.org)
Waste10
- She has devoted a decade of activism to exposing the activities of the Australian company and trying to stop more radioactive waste from accumulating in her hometown. (johnfeffer.com)
- It has simply shifted to different targets, such as dealing with the radioactive waste produced at the facility in Kuantan and mobilizing to stop the construction of a permanent waste storage facility on site. (johnfeffer.com)
- Officials explain this away by twisting the logic: though Ghivali is less than 1.23 km from the waste immobilisation plant, it is 1.8 km away from the Tarapur Atomic Power Station (TAPS). (org.in)
- If we'd stopped producing in 1945, we'd have a minuscule amount [of radioactive waste] compared to what's out there in those tanks now," Franklin says. (uchicago.edu)
- Irreversible radioactive waste disposal is most unwise," wrote Warf. (enviroreporter.com)
- This cycle starts, at its "front end", with the mining of uranium and ends with the possession of millions of tons of radioactive waste that must -- to varying degrees and for varying periods -- be isolated from the human environment. (ccnr.org)
- Many buildings are still being demolished, and radiation leaks periodically force workers to take shelter, as happened in May 2017 when a tunnel used to store radioactive waste collapsed. (sciencehistory.org)
- Increased appreciation of the hazards related to certain chemicals has fostered a new "culture of safety" in many laboratories where chemicals are handled and chemical waste is generated and disposed of. (nationalacademies.org)
- The committee was chosen for its breadth of expertise in chemistry, education, and environmental health and safety operations, and it has also called on a wider community of experts through the appointment of special subcommittees for assessing chemical hazards, design of laboratory space and equipment, pollution prevention, and the disposal of multihazardous waste. (nationalacademies.org)
- Radioactive waste from the Sellafield nuclear plant in Cumbria is contaminating shellfish hundreds of kilometres away on the west coast of Scotland, according to a new scientific study. (robedwards.com)
Tritium2
- Moreover, irradiation of boron dissolved in the coolant water creates hydrogen-3, i.e. tritium, the radioactive isotope of hydrogen. (medialternatives.com)
- This allowed pressure to build up in at least one of the reactors cores to about 50% higher than normal (unit 1), and requires venting of very mildly radioactive steam (contains trace levels of tritium). (blogspot.com)
Radionuclides2
- There are 28 naturally occurring chemical elements on Earth that are radioactive, consisting of 34 radionuclides (6 elements have 2 different radionuclides) that date before the time of formation of the Solar System. (wikipedia.org)
- The purpose of the meeting was to (1) discuss the lessons learned and the effectiveness of the new process that provides input into the Public Health Assessment (PHA), and (2) present and discuss ATSDR's preliminary assessment of radionuclides released from White Oak Creek. (cdc.gov)
Dust1
- The movie was inspired by a hydrogen-bomb test at Bikini Atoll that ended up blanketing a faraway Japanese tuna ship in radioactive dust (crew members suffered from nausea, burns, and bleeding gums, while newspapers in Tokyo fanned concerns about radioactive tuna). (newrepublic.com)
Nuclear power1
- Have a look at my book, "The Accident Hazards of Nuclear Power Plants," published in 1976 by the University of Massachusetts Press. (pinktentacle.com)
Scientists2
- Radioactivity was discovered in 1896 by scientists Henri Becquerel and Marie Skłodowska-Curie, while working with phosphorescent materials. (wikipedia.org)
- The scientists found raised levels of radioactive carbon-14 in shellfish sampled at Port Appin, at Maidens in South Ayrshire and at Garlieston and Kippford on the Solway coast of Dumfries and Galloway. (robedwards.com)
Toxic4
- Then and since, the radioactive and highly toxic nature of these weapons was deliberately ignored. (converge.org.nz)
- At the same time, it can also fall under Hazard Class 6 due to being a toxic substance. (osha-safety-training.net)
- But as dangerous as they are, the toxic vapors Garza's crew encountered aren't necessarily the tanks' worst hazard. (uchicago.edu)
- We dare not let this toxic, radioactive garbage get into the food chain via the ocean or underground water. (enviroreporter.com)
Concentrations2
- It refers to the release into the atmosphere of materials in concentrations that are harmful to human beings, plants, animals and buildings cr other objects. (cyberpointsolution.com)
- It is unfathomable that a public health agency would prescribe subjecting people to radioactive concentrations a thousand times above Safe Drinking Water Act limits as a 'protective' measure. (peer.org)
Garbage1
- And a pile of radioactive garbage in my back yard ain't one of 'em. (theverge.com)
Atmosphere1
- Results has shown the loss of electric power at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (FD-NPP) developed into a disaster causing huge release of radioactivity into the atmosphere. (essaymonster.net)
Poses1
- Use of contaminated drinking water poses no apparent health hazard. (cdc.gov)
Highly4
- 4 ] a vial of highly radioactive cesium-137 was abandoned inside a hunk of scrap machinery and found its way into ignorant hands with tragic results [ 5 ] There are over 400 nuclear reactors installed in 28 countries. (ccnr.org)
- If you're interested in collecting radioactive things, here is a book I highly recommend. (theodoregray.com)
- In addition to the destructive effects of the explosion itself, the whole material of the bomb would be transformed into a highly radioactive state. (ratical.org)
- Such data on radioactivity rendering artery walls "highly permeable to the passage of red cells" helps explain what was described a century ago "Autopsies have revealed large foci of softening in the brain, hemorrhages into the meninges, and capillary apoplexies in the brain substance. (globalcigarettebrands.com)
Produces2
- The hormones which it produces and releases in the bloodstream regulate the growth and metabolism of the body. (nccmed.com)
- Released Supportive lane neutral issue construction( DLBCL) produces an new limited work fuel( CBCL) that states for not 6 section of all initial hydrocarbons. (4-buescher.de)
Water5
- In fact, it was soon observed that the water from mineral hot springs, which everyone knew to be healthful, was radioactive. (theodoregray.com)
- that is, air, water and soil can become repositories for chemicals released on a daily basis from human activities and natural actions. (health.mil)
- EPA's curiously named "Protective Action Guides" (or PAGs) dramatically relax allowable doses of radioactive material in public drinking water following a Fukushima-type meltdown or "dirty bomb" attack. (peer.org)
- In an attempt to shield "sensitive populations," the plan proposes 500 millirem per year for the general population but only 100 millirem for children under 15, pregnant or nursing mothers without explaining how these latter groups will get access to less contaminated water. (peer.org)
- Ingress of radioactive products to the cooling circuits connected with the environment is prevented through the use of intermediate circuits (+PCU and SCS cooling water circuits). (banksolar.ru)
Materials3
- Class 1: Explosives - This class includes materials that can rapidly release gasses, heat, and energy, causing an explosion. (osha-safety-training.net)
- Class 7: Radioactive Materials - Perhaps the least likely to be encountered on a daily basis, Class 7 includes radioactive materials that emit ionizing radiation and require special handling and transport precautions. (osha-safety-training.net)
- The purpose of this course is to train pre-designated staff on how to identify common locations of asbestos containing materials, describe the steps for control of asbestos fiber releases, demonstrate spill response actions to a spill of asbestos containing materials and describe any site-specific requirements of available Operations and Maintenance plans. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Decades1
- Study Tobacco firms' own research showed dangers" (September 2011), says "Tobacco companies knew for decades that cigarette smoke was radioactive and potentially carcinogenic but kept that information from the public. (globalcigarettebrands.com)
Disposal1
- Hazard classes also have specific requirements for storage and disposal. (osha-safety-training.net)
Chemicals released1
- These are chemicals released in air with force as vapoure e.g. (cyberpointsolution.com)
Environment1
- Unconnected with Dietz's findings, in 1980 New York State ordered NL to cease production for having exceeded regulation radioactivity discharges to the environment. (converge.org.nz)
Material2
- A material containing unstable nuclei is considered radioactive. (wikipedia.org)
- But radioactive material getting into the general public does not need autonomy. (uchicago.edu)
Natural2
- Also settlements, town and even cities have been built in estuaries and deltas whose natural defense mechanisms, that once protected the regions against such severe natural hazards, have been weakened or totally removed. (essaymonster.net)
- In the area of external natural hazards, the effects to be considered according to the state of the art in science and technology in connection with occurrence frequencies of approx. (bmuv.de)
Safe2
- Each hazard class (which has its own subdivisions) includes specific regulations and requirements for packaging, labeling, marking, and documentation to ensure safe transport and storage. (osha-safety-training.net)
- And new nuclear power plant designs are not proven to be safe, reliable, or economically viable," explains Caroline Reiser , a staff attorney with NRDC's nuclear team. (nrdc.org)
Form1
- Further research by Becquerel, Ernest Rutherford, Paul Villard, Pierre Curie, Marie Curie, and others showed that this form of radioactivity was significantly more complicated. (wikipedia.org)
Spectrum1
- Dr. Morgan also explained that the incineration of an RTG would produce "a spectrum of sizes" and he added "any one of them -- they could all be inhaled. (animatedsoftware.com)
Design1
- The fundamental design philosophy is aimed at achieving a system without any physical process that could cause an internally induced and/or externally induced radiation hazard outside the site boundary. (modernpowersystems.com)
Public6
- Mr. Lewis explained that he had reviewed the minutes from that meeting, and that the PHAWG had indicated that it wanted a press release, which would explain that ATSDR was preparing a PHA and to request any additional information from the public. (cdc.gov)
- She asked where Mr. Lewis wanted to put the press release on the process sheet because ATSDR had prepared a press release for the Uranium PHA public comment release. (cdc.gov)
- From World War II to the 1970s, the Oregon Public Health Division called the Columbia the most radioactive river in the world. (uchicago.edu)
- Classified documents later released by the DOE show that biologists considered that it "may be necessary to close public fishing" at certain parts of the river, but public-relations and security concerns prevented them from speaking out. (uchicago.edu)
- Radiation Response Briefing Manual: A Guide for Key Leaders and Public Health Decision Makers (July 2020) is a just-in-time overview of radiation hazards and response considerations for radiation emergencies to help public health officials, emergency managers, and elected officials involved in planning for and managing the public health response to a radiation emergency. (cdc.gov)
- The new culture of laboratory safety implements the priority of "safety first" through a greatly increased emphasis on experiment planning, including habitual attention to risk assessment and consideration of hazards for oneself, one's fellow workers, and the public. (nationalacademies.org)
Huge1
- Failure to maintain this system leaves the country at a huge loss should radiological releases happen due to nuclear plant malfunctions and meltdowns as well as terrorism by an expanding list of American enemies who vow to destroy it. (enviroreporter.com)
Found2
- No one died, and epidemiological studies later found that what radioactive gas had escaped had no discernible effect on cancer rates. (newrepublic.com)
- The history of this bottle (and a picture of one like it) can be found in this wonderful book about radioactivity. (theodoregray.com)
Site2
- The Barrington Dog Park exhibits no signs of being the site of an old radioactive dump. (enviroreporter.com)
- Site fact sheets and newsletters have been developed to describe and explain the clean-up process and status of remedial actions. (cdc.gov)
Press release2
Degrees1
- degrees of protection for the man-made hazards to be additionally considered according to the RSK Catalogue of Requirements. (bmuv.de)
Area1
- According to CBG's Hirsch, if they didn't implode on the way down, they're there today slowly corroding and leaking radioactivity in the prime fishing area. (enviroreporter.com)
Energy1
- This building was designed with the intent to withstand the tremendous energy of a massive release from an accident of some unknown origin," Slobodien told me, picking up one of the photographs. (ipsecinfo.org)
Time3
- By the time it hit The New York Times , it got a lot harder to stop," Tan explains. (johnfeffer.com)
- It is still definitely radioactive (half-life of 1600 years, so it's going to be that way for a long time). (theodoregray.com)
- Inside their former offices and break rooms they take time to discuss the work they once did and explain the science of a nuclear reaction. (sciencehistory.org)
Important1
- Marie and Pierre Curie's study of radioactivity is an important factor in science and medicine. (wikipedia.org)
Fire1
- This class is subdivided into six divisions, including mass explosion hazards, projection hazards, and minor blast or fire hazards. (osha-safety-training.net)
Study1
- The aftermaths of Hiroshima and Nagasaki offered a glimpse of the hazards, and a Nobel Prize-winning 1946 study connected x-ray radiation to human mutations. (theverge.com)
Half1
- It would thus take 70 days to become half as radioactive, another 70 days to become a quarter and so on, and is thus radioactive for months. (medialternatives.com)
Years1
- They cover the "intermediate phase" after "releases have been brought under control" - an unspecified period that may last for weeks, months or even years. (peer.org)