• Instead, in vitro measurements provide an estimate of internally deposited iodine (both the stable and radioactive isotopes), utilizing techniques that measure iodine in body fluids, feces, or other human samples (Gautier 1983). (cdc.gov)
  • Radionuclides, such as Lutetium-177 or Iodine-131 are radioactive isotopes that emit radiation that kill cancer cells. (cis-pharma.com)
  • As a result, attention has increasingly turned to another class of isotopes, alpha particle emitters (which include nine possible choices based on certain radioisotopes of actinium, bismuth, lead, radium, terbium, or thorium). (bionest.com)
  • Although some metal ions, such as cobalt and iron are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions, but at higher concentration or their radioactive isotopes leads to poisoning. (researchsquare.com)
  • In 1950, Yalow partnered with Dr. Solomon Berson, a young physician just completing his residency and together they discovered radioimmunoassay (RIA), leading to new ways to use radioactive isotopes to measure blood, study iodine metabolism, and diagnose thyroid diseases. (thecaucusblog.com)
  • At dayofdifference.org.au you will find all the information about Radioactive Isotopes And Medical Imaging. (dayofdifference.org.au)
  • Are radioactive isotopes safe? (dayofdifference.org.au)
  • How are radioactive isotopes used? (dayofdifference.org.au)
  • The use of radioactive isotopes in the medical field are for radiodiagnostic and radiotherapy that are also called as nuclear medicine. (dayofdifference.org.au)
  • The nuclear technique by using radioactive isotopes in the nuclear medicine field began in the 1930s as a manifestation of the development of science and technology. (dayofdifference.org.au)
  • The Atomic Energy Commission looks upon radioactive isotopes for medical purposes strictly as instruments for research, or shall we say clinical investigation. (dayofdifference.org.au)
  • Medical Use of Radioisotopes Medical Imaging Thanks to radioactive isotopes, images can be obtained via gamma camera or a PET scan in nuclear diagnostics. (dayofdifference.org.au)
  • Radioactive isotopes such as technetium-99m (Tc-99m), a daughter isotope of Mo-99, are light-producing elements used in nuclear medicine imaging. (dayofdifference.org.au)
  • We hope that you have found the information about Radioactive Isotopes And Medical Imaging that interests you. (dayofdifference.org.au)
  • All isotopes of an element, even those that are radioactive, react chemically in the same way. (cdc.gov)
  • The radioisotope 131 I emits both gamma and beta radiation. (acpinternist.org)
  • Gamma radiation can be detected by the camera to determine radioactive iodine uptake and create an image of the thyroid gland during thyroid scintigraphy, whereas beta radiation yields the therapeutic effect by triggering thyroid follicular cell death. (acpinternist.org)
  • 1 'EXTREME' Radiation Water Filtration Straw filters radioisotopes from outdoor fresh-water drinking supplies. (nukepills.com)
  • This web page provides patients and their families with information to help them understand radiation safety best practices that relate to medical treatment with radioactive drugs. (nrc.gov)
  • The NRC staff developed a printable brochure to inform patients about radiation safety precautions that they need to follow before, during, and after treatment with radioactive drugs. (nrc.gov)
  • This video may serve as an educational tool providing radiation safety guidance and precautions patients can follow before, during and after treatment with radioactive drugs. (nrc.gov)
  • The NRC staff developed the following information on radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment procedures so that patients will understand the reason for the procedures, the process, and how to reduce radiation exposure to others. (nrc.gov)
  • An unstable nucleus that spontaneously losses subatomic particles from its nucleus and emits energy in the form of radiation is considered radioactive. (nrc.gov)
  • The in vivo measurement of these radioisotopes within the body is performed with various radiation detectors and associated electronic devices that are collectively known as in vivo thyroid monitors or whole body counters, depending on the body site of interest. (cdc.gov)
  • When a small dose of radioactive iodine I-131 it is an isotope of iodine that emits radiation is swallowed, it is absorbed into the bloodstream. (cacherbal.com)
  • Lab-verified Nascent Iodine solution is a dietary supplement that provides your body with supplemental iodine to help protect your thyroid during radiation exposure. (survival.news)
  • I-131 and certain other clinically used radioisotopes (notably lutetium-177, samarium-153, and yttrium-90) are emitters of beta particle radiation. (bionest.com)
  • To begin with, radioisotopes or radiation emitting elements is popularly used in nuclear medicine. (samplius.com)
  • The use of radioisotopes such as Technetium-99 are relatively safe as it releases gamma radiation for about 6 hours that provides adequate time to map a patient's metabolic process before dissipate quickly and only expose the patient to the bare minimum dose of radiation(World Nuclear Association,2020). (samplius.com)
  • Radiation of radioisotopes might also be utilised to treat biological items and items vulnerable to heat like medicine, ointments, bone, skin for transplant as well as blood to prevent spread of diseases from transfusion (World Nuclear Association, 2020). (samplius.com)
  • Radiation has a direct effect on the thyroid gland , prohibiting its ability to create iodine, an imperative player in healthy DNA integrity, immune function, metabolic and endocrine balance, as well as cardiovascular health. (lewrockwell.com)
  • It is one of the single most bio-available forms of iodine, and may be effective in aiding individuals exposed to radiation by lowering accumulated and stored radioactive toxins in the thyroid. (lewrockwell.com)
  • The iodine, which is required for the production of T4, is taken up by the thyroid tumor cells and the emitted radiation destroys the abnormal thyroid tissue without damaging the surrounding tissues or the rest of the body. (animal-medical-clinic.com)
  • The beta radiation of iodine 131 exerts cytotoxic effects on the salivary glands because these organs are highly radiosensitive 5 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Internal exposure to Cs-137, through ingestion or inhalation, allows the radioactive material to be distributed in the soft tissues, especially muscle tissue, exposing these tissues to the beta particles and gamma radiation and increasing cancer risk. (toxindefense.org)
  • Her love for research, nuclear physics and her husband led her to a new position at the Bronx Veterans Administration in New York, where she built and calibrated radiation detection equipment and created a plan for the safe disposal of radioactive material used in medical diagnosis and treatment. (thecaucusblog.com)
  • Exposure to radiation generally is considered harmful to the human body, but radioisotopes are highly valuable in medicine, particularly in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. (dayofdifference.org.au)
  • There is some exposure to radiation from the radioisotope. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The radiation from this radioisotope is higher than from many others. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The team of physicians at Northeast Radiation Oncology Center (NROC) offers cancer patients in Northeastern Pennsylvania the opportunity to benefit from a state-of-the-art treatment known as radioisotope therapy. (noadoctors.com)
  • To explain what ionizing radiation is, we will start with a discussion of atoms, how they come to be radioactive, and how they give off ionizing radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • Ionizing radiation is energy that is carried by several types of particles and rays given off by radioactive material, x ray machines, and fuel elements in nuclear reactors. (cdc.gov)
  • Atenolol was prescribed, and thyroid scintigraphy with determination of radioactive iodine uptake was ordered. (acpinternist.org)
  • Radioactive iodine is of concern because it is highly mobile in the environment and selective uptake by the thyroid gland can pose a significant cancer risk following long term exposure. (myscience.uk)
  • Thyroid scans and uptake tests use small doses of radioactive chemicals to create pictures of your thyroid gland. (patient.info)
  • In Graves disease, the radioactive iodine uptake is increased and the uptake is diffusely distributed over the entire gland. (medscape.com)
  • Expert discovers simple method of dealing with harmful radioactive iodine A novel way to immobilise radioactive forms of iodine using a microwave, has been discovered by an expert at the University of Sheffield. (myscience.uk)
  • In addition to radioactive iodine, the body may also be exposed to a radioactive isotope of caesium known as Cesium-137 . (lewrockwell.com)
  • cesium (137) -- is a radioactive isotope of caesium which is formed as a fission product by nuclear fission. (blogspot.com)
  • In fact, getting enough potassium from food such as bananas is a good first step at preventing radioactive cesium 137 retention. (lewrockwell.com)
  • The radioactive contaminants released during any accident or incident includes cesium-137, strontium-90, iodine-131, cobalt-60, americium-241 etc. (researchsquare.com)
  • 1) It lists out the date of update, the region, the test dates, the food type, the level of iodine (131) and cesium (137) in Bq/kg , becquerel per kilogram . (blogspot.com)
  • So, from the above screen capture, mushrooms from region Miyagi has been tested on 16th November with radioactive iodine "not detected" ND but 1400 Bq/kg of radioactive cesium. (blogspot.com)
  • As shown above, the prescribed safe limits for radioactive cesium in milk is 500 Bq/kg. (blogspot.com)
  • Cesium-137 is radioactive isotope produced from nuclear catastrophes like Chernobyl and Fukushima. (toxindefense.org)
  • This is orders of magnitude higher than any level of radioactive cesium which has so far been detected in any food. (toxindefense.org)
  • Radioactive cesium isotope binding has not been tested in humans for obvious reasons: it would be unethical to feed humans radioactive food. (toxindefense.org)
  • The iodine is taken up by the thyroid gland but not by other body tissues. (longanimal.com)
  • Iodine 131 is taken up by the thyroid through the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), a protein that is also expressed in other tissues such as the salivary glands, stomach and breast. (bvsalud.org)
  • An imaging tracer made with radionuclides is called a radioactive tracer . (wikipedia.org)
  • Tomography using radioactive emissions from injected RADIONUCLIDES and computer ALGORITHMS to reconstruct an image. (lookformedical.com)
  • To be most effective, the first dose should be taken no later than 2-3 hours prior to potential exposure to radioactive iodine (as directed by public health officials). (nukepills.com)
  • The NRC staff developed a video, ' Staying Safe While Getting Better, Protecting Yourself and Your Loved Ones While Taking Radioactive Drugs, ' to provide best practices for patients to keep exposure to others as low as is reasonably achievable. (nrc.gov)
  • The purpose of this chapter is to describe the analytical methods that are available for detecting, measuring, and/or monitoring iodine and its radioisotopes, their metabolites, and other biomarkers of exposure and effect to iodine and its radioisotopes. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure to radioactive or nonradioactive materials via ingestion is a major exposure pathway to human and animals. (researchsquare.com)
  • One source of exposure is from hazardous waste sites that contain radioactive waste. (cdc.gov)
  • Nuclear medicine is typically defined as the use of molecules bonded to radioactive substances that decays into gamma rays to critically assess bodily functions, properly diagnose and treat diseases. (samplius.com)
  • Master Sheng Lun, who has dedicated many of his years to organic farming, said drinking tea is even more helpful than taking potassium iodine tablets, because tea prevents radioactive materials from being absorbed into the body and accelerates the body's metabolism of such substances. (pacherbs.com)
  • Another study from the School of Medicine at the Yokohama City University in Japan found that DMSO offered protective effects for cell destruction, as well as DNA aberrations, in mice exposed to radioactive substances. (lewrockwell.com)
  • Its production chain depends largely on imported radioisotopes-radioactive substances manufactured in nuclear reactors that serve as the raw material for radiopharmaceuticals. (fapesp.br)
  • Through her Ph.D. research she became adept at building instruments to manipulate and measure radioactive substances. (thecaucusblog.com)
  • A radionuclide (sometimes called a radioisotope or isotope) is a chemical which emits a type of radioactivity called gamma rays. (patient.info)
  • Nuclear accidents such as Fukushima (or nuclear war) can expose your body to radioactive iodine-131, a dangerous radioisotope. (survival.news)
  • Since March 11 this year, a different kind of toxin has been making its way through the veins of common food sources after Tokyo Electric Power Company ( TEPCO ) completed a planned dumping of radioactive water into the Pacific Ocean at the site of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear-power plant. (chinadialogue.net)
  • Did you know, for example, that iodine protects marine algae from oxidative damage (for example from the Sun), prevents some congenital abnormalities in humans, and has many industrial applications? (scienceinschool.org)
  • The number of neutrons in the nucleus may vary and provide a number of different iodine atoms that chemically act the same but have different physical properties. (nrc.gov)
  • Radioactive decay is a random process at the level of single atoms: it is impossible to predict when one particular atom will decay. (wikipedia.org)
  • The range of the half-lives of radioactive atoms has no known limits and spans a time range of over 55 orders of magnitude. (wikipedia.org)
  • Radioactive atoms that become part of a molecule do not affect the way the molecule behaves in chemical reactions or inside your body. (cdc.gov)
  • Since cobalt-60 is radioactive, it is called a radionuclide. (cdc.gov)
  • During treatment, radioactive iodine is administered as an injection and is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream. (longanimal.com)
  • The goal of radioactive iodine therapy (123I or 131I) is to destroy the overactive thyroid cells. (slideshare.net)
  • radioactive i. the i. radioisotopes 131I, 125I, or 123I used as tracers in biology and medicine. (theodora.com)
  • For example, patients inevitably facing endocrine dysfunction or thyroid cancer are typically offered capsules that contain radioactive iodine-131 which will be absorbed by cells and then kill only the cancerous thyroidal tissues thus leaving other cells unharmed. (samplius.com)
  • In 1950, he invented the Whole Body Counter that directly detected radioactive elements emitted from individuals who were previously contaminated in factories using radium, in nuclear industries, or by nuclear fallout. (wikipedia.org)
  • Radioisotopes such as phosphorus-32, carbon-14, sodium-24 and iodine-131 emit radiations. (cikgunaza.com)
  • Why do we use I 131 in radioactive ablation? (prepladder.com)
  • A sample comprising 88 patients submitted to ablation with iodine 131 was included in the study. (bvsalud.org)
  • The most adequate treatment istotal thyroidectomy followed by actinic ablation with radioactive iodine (iodine 131) and has a very good prognosis (in more than 80% of cases) with excellent long-term survival, similar to that of the population that never had cancer 1 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Longitudinal studies investigating the progression and intensity of salivary gland dysfunction in patients submitted to ablation with iodine 131 are scarce in the literature 2,4,8-9 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Stable Iodine, an essential trace element , is used by the thyroid gland to produce two thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). (nrc.gov)
  • In these cases, radioactive I-131 can be used to replace stable iodine and kill both the normal and abnormal thyroid cells regardless of where they are located. (nrc.gov)
  • These in vivo measurement techniques are commonly used to measure body burdens of iodine radioisotopes, but cannot be used to assess the stable isotope of iodine. (cdc.gov)
  • Pre-loading your system with stable iodine occupies the iodine receptor sites on your organs, causing your body to naturally expel radioactive iodine you may have been exposed to through air, food, water or milk products. (survival.news)
  • The radioactive decay can produce a stable nuclide or will sometimes produce a new unstable radionuclide which may undergo further decay. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1953, he improved the "twin" scintillation low-level gamma-ray crystal spectrometry method to detect and locate elements that are naturally radioactive in the human body. (wikipedia.org)
  • It includes the contamination of skin surface, foodstuff, water and gamma radiations from the spread of radioisotopes in the atmosphere. (researchsquare.com)
  • A radioisotope of iodine with a 159 keV gamma emission and a physical half-life of 13.2 h, used for studies of thyroid disease and of renal function. (theodora.com)
  • In combination with imaging devices which register the gamma rays emitted from within, Radioisotopes can be used for imaging to study the dynamic processes taking place in various parts of the body. (thecaucusblog.com)
  • Nuclear medicine uses little amounts of radioactive substance called radiotracers. (cacherbal.com)
  • Larger reactors would … build up larger amounts of radioactive wastes, which if dispersed in an accident, which if dispersed in an accident would amplify the consequences. (economicpopulist.org)
  • This radioactive iodine is used in the form of sodium iodide and because of the extremely small amounts used for imaging or destroying cells, RAI is safe to use in individuals who have had allergic reactions to seafood or X-ray contrast agents. (nrc.gov)
  • I-123 as sodium iodine hippurate or orto-iodo hippurate (123 I-OIH): Doses up to 100 MBq (4 mCi) waiting time= 8 to 12 hours. (e-lactancia.org)
  • Iodine radioisotopes are produced by fission of uranium fuel in a nuclear reactor. (myscience.uk)
  • It also plays a major role as a radioactive isotope present in nuclear fission products, and was a significant contributor to the health hazards from open-air atomic bomb testing in the 1950s, and from the Chernobyl disaster, as well as being a large fraction of the contamination hazard in the first weeks in the Japanese nuclear crisis. (blogspot.com)
  • Ultimately she built a full-fledged Radioisotope Service at the Bronx VA. Radioisotopes have become an essential part of medical diagnostic procedures. (thecaucusblog.com)
  • Radioisotopes are an essential part of medical diagnostic procedures. (dayofdifference.org.au)
  • When introduced into the patient's body for medical diagnostic procedures, these radioisotopes help doctors examine how their patients' various tissues and internal organs are functioning. (dayofdifference.org.au)
  • Also in 1937 , Joseph Gilbert Hamilton started to use radioactive iodine as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent in the treatment of thyroid disease . (wikidoc.org)
  • This loss of subatomic particles, such as beta particles (electrons), is called radioactive decay and there is a predictable time in which half of the unstable nucleuses will decay. (nrc.gov)
  • During those processes, the radionuclide is said to undergo radioactive decay . (wikipedia.org)
  • It has a radioactive decay half-life of about eight days. (blogspot.com)
  • A radionuclide ( radioactive nuclide , radioisotope or radioactive isotope ) is a nuclide that has excess nuclear energy, making it unstable. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to the World Nuclear Association (2020), organ failure can be indicated by the amount and rate of movement by radioisotopes over time, if radionuclide is absorbed excessively region will appear brighter during imaging. (samplius.com)
  • The correct answer is D. Radioactive iodine ( 131 I) therapy. (acpinternist.org)
  • The most appropriate management is radioactive iodine ( 131 I) therapy. (acpinternist.org)
  • First-line treatment options include radioactive iodine therapy or surgery. (acpinternist.org)
  • First-line therapy for toxic adenoma is radioactive iodine ( 131 I) therapy or surgery. (acpinternist.org)
  • Radioactive Iodine Therapy. (slideshare.net)
  • Radioactive Iodine I-131 (also called Radioiodine I-131) therapy is a nuclear medicine treatment. (cacherbal.com)
  • Radioactive iodine therapy (RAI), which has been a common adjuvant therapy for the management of PTC, typically following surgery, has been a target of debate due to side effects such as sialadenitis, taste loss, and, most critically, SPM. (hindawi.com)
  • The European Center of Nuclear Medicine fitted out with up-to-date equipment is the first such facility in Armenia that will provide radioactive iodine therapy for thyroid cancer, a disease that has a high rate in the country and the region in general. (azatutyun.am)
  • According to Manukian, patients who until now had to go abroad for radioactive iodine therapy for thyroid cancer will be able to receive this treatment locally. (azatutyun.am)
  • For safety reasons patients receiving high-dose radioactive iodine therapy often have to be isolated for several days. (azatutyun.am)
  • Most malignant thyroid tumours are initially treated with surgery or a combination of surgery and radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. (nih.gov)
  • The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of iodine 131 on the salivary glands by subjective symptom of dryness in the mouth (xerostomia) and reduced salivary flow (hyposalivation) of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma submitted to radioiodine therapy. (bvsalud.org)
  • What is radioisotope therapy? (noadoctors.com)
  • Radioisotope therapy is a precisely targeted cancer treatment that delivers radioisotopes directly to cancerous cells in the bone, destroying the cancer and thus relieving the pain associated with the disease. (noadoctors.com)
  • Who is eligible for radioisotope therapy? (noadoctors.com)
  • How does radioisotope therapy work? (noadoctors.com)
  • What are the advantages to radioisotope therapy? (noadoctors.com)
  • Up to 72% of the people who receive radioisotope therapy experience such pain relief. (noadoctors.com)
  • Where is radioisotope therapy available? (noadoctors.com)
  • In a thyroid scan you will either swallow a dose of the radioactive iodine or have an injection of the chemical into a vein. (patient.info)
  • En considérant que la dose annuelle moyenne est de 2,4 mSv, ce niveau de dose ne devrait pas être mortel. (fukushima-diary.com)
  • The Center for Human Radiobiology, which now has the responsibility for all AEC-supported research on the effects of internally deposited radioisotopes, grew out of his effort. (wikipedia.org)
  • In vivo measurements can be obtained through techniques that directly quantify internally-deposited iodine using, for example, thyroid or whole body counters. (cdc.gov)
  • As a consequence, iodine 131 can cause damage to these structures since it is absorbed at these sites after administration of therapeutic doses 2-4 . (bvsalud.org)
  • A clinical longitudinal study with of 88 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (papillary and follicular) who underwent complementary treatment with high single doses of iodine 131 (100 to 150 mCi). (bvsalud.org)
  • Many iodine-containing compounds are frequently used as reagents in organic synthesis - mainly for iodination, oxidation and C - C bond formation. (scienceinschool.org)
  • Iodine, ingested in food and water as iodide, is actively concentrated by the thyroid and converted to organic iodine (organification) within follicular cells by thyroid peroxidase. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It does, however, involve the handling and injection of a radioactive substance that is only permitted at facilities specially licensed to use radioisotopes. (animal-medical-clinic.com)
  • Radioisotopes are delivered by injection into the patient's blood stream. (noadoctors.com)
  • In 1946, he developed the systematic dosimetry to distribute radioactive iodine to treat all locations of the metastases of a patient's thyroid cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nuclear Medicine is a subdivision of radiology that uses radioisotopes in the characterization of lesions and disease processes, and often yields functional information. (wikidoc.org)
  • Thus, detectors like Geiger-Müller counter are used to trace the presence of radioactive radiations. (cikgunaza.com)
  • With the help of X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we now know that seaweeds accumulate iodine as iodide (I-), which acts as an antioxidant to protect them against oxidative damage caused by atmospheric ozone (O 3 ). (scienceinschool.org)
  • Iodine in the atmosphere originates mostly from biological and chemical processes in the ocean - such as the iodide antioxidant system in seaweeds. (scienceinschool.org)
  • In the ocean, iodine is mainly dissolved and exists as iodate (IO 3 - , oxidised form) and iodide (I - , reduced form). (scienceinschool.org)
  • 1. Relating to, or caused by, iodine or an iodide. (theodora.com)
  • Internal contamination occurs through ingestion, inhalation or absorption through skin contact of radioactive materials. (researchsquare.com)
  • Radioactive iodine is the most commonly used first-line treatment. (acpinternist.org)
  • Use of radioactive iodine is the most common treatment in elderly patients. (slideshare.net)
  • Leaves many cats still needing radioactive iodine treatment, even after undergoing one or more surgeries. (longanimal.com)
  • A new medical center providing radioisotope-based diagnosing and treatment to cancer patients has opened in Armenia amid a growing demand for the service that thus far Armenians have been able to get in the region only by traveling to neighboring Georgia. (azatutyun.am)
  • The majority of cats treated with radioactive iodine have normal hormone levels within a few weeks of treatment. (animal-medical-clinic.com)
  • Conventional management of Interferon-α-Induced Hyper thy roidism (IIH) with radioactive iodine (RAI) may be used when treatment with beta blockers or anti thy roid drugs (ATD), proves ineffective or is contraindicated. (nel.edu)
  • Unlike opioids or other short-acting narcotic medications used to relieve pain, radioisotope treatment provides continuous pain relief for an average of 4 months. (noadoctors.com)
  • In addition, radioisotope treatment avoids some of the unwanted side effects that result from narcotic medications, such as drowsiness and constipation. (noadoctors.com)
  • The recommended dietary intake of iodine for adults is 150 µg/day, which can be obtained from dairy products, seaweed and iodised table salt. (scienceinschool.org)
  • The quantities of iodine within the body can be assessed through the use of bioassays that are comprised of in vivo measurements and/or in vitro measurements. (cdc.gov)
  • For any thyroid scan, you may be asked to avoid certain foods that contain iodine for about a week before your procedure. (cacherbal.com)
  • This goes some way to explaining why trace amounts of molecular iodine (I 2 ) can be detected in the atmosphere of coastal regions and why human iodine intake in these regions is dependent on seaweed abundance rather than proximity to the sea. (scienceinschool.org)
  • At the end of September, Brazil had to temporarily shut down production of radiopharmaceuticals-drugs containing radioactive elements used to diagnose and treat various diseases in oncology, cardiology, hematology, and neurology. (fapesp.br)
  • Similar to targeted therapies that deliver an effector drug to a specific tumor via an antigen or cellular receptor, radiopharmaceuticals combine a radioisotope with a targeting molecule that binds a specific tumor protein or selectively accumulates within a specific tissue. (bionest.com)
  • To treat or combine with iodine. (theodora.com)