Radiation dose from radon. Medical search. Frequent questions

Thus, uranium and radon will continue to occur for millions of years at about the same concentrations as they do now. (wikipedia.org)
According to a 2003 report EPA's Assessment of Risks from Radon in Homes from the United States Environmental Protection Agency, epidemiological evidence shows a clear link between lung cancer and high concentrations of radon, with 21,000 radon-induced U.S. lung cancer deaths per year-second only to cigarette smoking. (wikipedia.org)
Thus in geographic areas where radon is present in heightened concentrations, radon is considered a significant indoor air contaminant. (wikipedia.org)
In the US, radon concentrations are often measured in picocuries per liter (pCi/L), with 1 pCi/L = 37 Bq/m3. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Radon concentrations found in natural environments are much too low to be detected by chemical means: for example, a 1000 Bq/m3 (relatively high) concentration corresponds to 0.17 picogram per cubic meter. (wikipedia.org)
In mining contexts, radon concentrations can be much higher. (wikipedia.org)
In this paper, documented studies on radon and thoron concentrations in earthen dwellings and 238U and 232Th concentrations in soil in Kenya are reviewed. (ac.ke)
Radon-222 is the radioactive decay product of radium-226, which is found at low concentrations in almost all rock and soil. (kjtmechanical.com)
Although outdoor concentrations of radon are typically low, about 0.4 picocuries per liter (pCi/l) of air, it can seep into buildings through foundation cracks or openings and build up to much higher concentrations indoors, if the sources are large enough. (kjtmechanical.com)
Radon easily dissolves in water in areas of the country that have high radium content in soils and rocks, local ground water may contain high concentrations of radon. (kjtmechanical.com)
Consequently, radon concentrations are very low in rivers and lakes, but could still be high in water pumped from the ground. (kjtmechanical.com)
Consequently, radon levels are very low in rivers and lakes, but water drawn from underground can have elevated radon concentrations. (kjtmechanical.com)
There can be a large difference in radon concentrations in the soil from house to house. (kjtmechanical.com)
An increased rate of lung cancer was first seen in uranium miners exposed to very high concentrations of radon. (dayofdifference.org.au)
Epidemiological studies have shown a clear link between breathing high concentrations of radon and incidence of lung cancer . (knowpia.com)
Radon can be found anywhere, but outdoors it quickly dilutes to harmless concentrations. (telecare.ie)
This survey, which was based on measurements in over 11,000 homes, estimated that 91,000 houses, or 7% of the national housing stock had radon concentrations in excess of the 'National Reference Level' (i.e. the acceptable level). (telecare.ie)
Given the large increase in the number of housing units in recent years, it is likely that even more homes now have radon concentrations above the Reference Level. (telecare.ie)
over 255,000 people may be living in homes with high radon concentrations , assuming an average of 2.81 people per household" (RPII/HSE Joint Position Statement, Radon Gas in Ireland, 2010). (telecare.ie)
Locations with higher concentrations of uranium and thorium in their soil have higher dose levels. (material-properties.org)
Therefore all discussions of radon concentrations in the environment refer to radon-222 . (material-properties.org)
Radon gas and progeny concentrations, fraction of unattached progeny, and other environmental parameters were evaluated in a popular tourist cavern in Southeastern New Mexico. (cdc.gov)
Radon gas concentrations in the cavern were elevated due to extremely low air exchange rates with substantial seasonal variation. (cdc.gov)
Mean measured radon concentrations ranged from 970 to 2,600 Bq m-3 in the main cavern and from 5,400 to 6,000 Bq m-3 in a smaller cave associated with the regional cave system. (cdc.gov)
Although radon gas concentrations were below the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Permissible Exposure Limit, employees working in the cavern have the potential to accrue ionizing radiation dose in excess of the annual effective dose limit recommended by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements due to a high unattached fraction of radon progeny. (cdc.gov)

However, unlike tobacco use, radon inhalation is not addictive and effective testing and mitigation techniques exist 15 . (nature.com)
B.L. Cohen of the University of Pittsburgh says that despite extensive investigation, the idea that inhalation of low-dose radon products poses a cancer risk appears to be without solid scientific substantiation . (knowledgeofhealth.com)
Terrestrial radiation contributes to external exposures from gamma radiation (outdoors and indoors), and to internal exposures from radon or dust radio- nuclides inhalation and ingestion. (scirp.org)
Radon's decay products are all metallic solids, and when radon decay occurs in air, the decay products can cling to aerosols and dust, which makes them available for inhalation into the lungs. (kjtmechanical.com)
Due to the unique biokinetics of radon inhalation in the body, the effective radiation doses reaching specific organs are much lower than that received by the lungs. (dayofdifference.org.au)
Indoor radon inhalation kills more people in Ireland each year than carbon monoxide poisoning, fires and road accidents combined. (telecare.ie)

A naturally-occurring gas formed as a decay product of radium, radon is one of the densest substances that remains a gas under normal conditions, and is considered to be a health hazard due to its radioactivity. (wikipedia.org)
In the present phase emphasis has been put on 1) Accurate determination of background dose-rate levels, 2) Experimental determination of the scattered radiation from different calibration set-ups, 3) Investigation of the inherent background and of the linearity of newly developed electronic dosemeters and dose rate meters, 4) Determination of the inherent radioactivity of the construction materials, e.g. batteries, of electronic dosemeters. (europa.eu)
We all receive nuclear radiation continuously from many sources, such as radioactive radon gas, radioactivity found in soils and construction material, smoke detectors in our homes and all food we consume. (uchicago.edu)
We are exposed to small doses of background radiation every day from natural sources like cosmic rays from space, radioactivity in the earth, and from low levels of radon gas. (digirad.com)
You can search for the results of the environmental radioactivity survey conducted by the Secretariat of the Nuclear Regulation Authority, and check radiation around you in detailed information or in charts. (go.jp)
You can learn basic information on radioactivity and radiation. (go.jp)
How to collect and pretreat analysis samples, and how to measure environmental radioactivity and radiation are explained. (go.jp)
EPA recommends taking action to reduce radon in homes that have a radon level at or above 4 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) of air (a "picocurie" is a common unit for measuring the amount of radioactivity). (dayofdifference.org.au)
A clear understanding of the measurement units of radiation and radioactivity is required to better communicate with colleagues or patients. (medscape.com)

Uranium and thorium decay to other elements such as radium (a solid), which in turn decays into radon (a gas). (cdc.gov)
The entire radon activity of the Earth's atmosphere at any one time is due to some tens of grams of radon, constantly being replaced by decay of larger amounts of radium and uranium. (wikipedia.org)
In every 1 square mile of surface soil, the first 6 inches (150 mm) (of depth) contains about 0.035 oz of radium (0.4 g per km2) which releases radon in small amounts to the atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
The indoor radon content depends on activity (radium content) in walls, the airtightness of walling material, surface airtightness, the volume of the indoor space, indoor air change rate, air pressure, etc. (swegon.com)
Ground water that mixes with water containing radium absorbs radon. (swegon.com)
For example, underlying rock such as granite, or phosphate rock, typically have increased uranium and radium, and therefore radon. (kjtmechanical.com)
But, people who have private wells, particularly in areas of high radium soil content, may be exposed to higher levels of radon. (kjtmechanical.com)
It took the horrible and well-publicized death of the well-known industrialist Eben Byers in 1932, from daily doses of radium health elixir, to finally bring some caution to the craze. (theodoregray.com)
Radon itself is the immediate decay product of radium . (knowpia.com)
The middle spectrum is of Radium emanation (radon), while the outer two are of helium (added to calibrate the wavelengths). (knowpia.com)
The major isotopes of concern for terrestrial radiation are potassium, uranium and the decay products of uranium, such as thorium, radium, and radon. (material-properties.org)
Radon is a colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas , occurring naturally as the decay product of radium. (material-properties.org)
Radiation doses to nearby organs were estimated on the basis of bilateral use in an adult of 50 mg of radium sulfate in a 0.5-mm platinum capsule for 12 minutes per session for three sessions. (cdc.gov)
2. Veterans who received NP radium treatments should be provided access to the Ionizing Radiation Registry maintained by the VA and to priority medical care at VA medical facilities. (cdc.gov)
Editorial Note: Nasopharyngeal radium was one of several radiation treatments used to treat benign conditions before 1950. (cdc.gov)
Other approaches included use of external x-irradiation to treat hearing loss, acne, tinea capitis, and enlarged thymus, and the use of radon and radium to treat hemangiomas (3-7). (cdc.gov)

Radon undergoes further radioactive decay into daughters (progeny) until reaching a stable form of lead. (cdc.gov)
Radon is a naturally-occurring radioactive gas that changes into other radioactive substances, called progeny. (cdc.gov)
Since radon and its progeny are present together in rock, soil, water, air, and construction materials, you will be exposed to the low-level radiation they give off just by being near them. (cdc.gov)
The elements that radon changes into are called radon daughters or radon progeny. (cdc.gov)
The radiation dose from radon and its progeny is measured in terms of the energy that they impart to tissue (in units called gray or rem for public exposure, or working levels for occupational exposure). (cdc.gov)
Title : Exposure to Radon and Progeny in a Tourist Cavern Personal Author(s) : Anderson, Jeri L.;Zwack, Leonard M.;Brueck, Scott E. (cdc.gov)
The primary objective of this work was to characterize employee exposure to radon and progeny while performing guide/interpretation and concessions duties in a tourist cavern. (cdc.gov)
Additionally, radon gas and attached and unattached fractions of radon progeny were measured at three primary cavern work locations during a 1-d period using a SARAD EQF 3220. (cdc.gov)

Radon is a chemically and biologically inert noble gas produced when naturally occurring uranium and thorium undergo radioactive decay. (cdc.gov)
Two isotopes of radon (radon-220 and radon-222) are the daughters in two decay chains that begin with naturally occurring thorium-232 and uranium-238, respectively, in rock, soil, water, and air. (cdc.gov)
Radon may also enter dwellings through the water supply and natural gas that had previously been in contact with underground uranium and thorium-bearing rock and soil. (cdc.gov)
Since uranium and thorium are ubiquitous in the earth's crust, rock and soil will continually release radon in the environment. (cdc.gov)
Radon isotopes are formed naturally through the radioactive decay of uranium or thorium. (cdc.gov)
The concentration in the air at the (unventilated) Gastein Healing Gallery averages 43 kBq/m3 (about 1.2 nCi/L) with maximal value of 160 kBq/m3 (about 4.3 nCi/L). Radon emanates naturally from the ground and from some building materials all over the world, wherever there are traces of uranium or thorium, and particularly in regions with soils containing granite or shale, which have a higher concentration of uranium. (wikipedia.org)
Workers at the facility had potential for exposure to a wide variety of radiological and chemical agents including uranium, thorium, radon, external ionizing radiation, acid mists, asbestos, and various solvents. (cdc.gov)
It contains radon gas, which comes from the decay of uranium and thorium, which decay is responsible for the heat that makes the spring water hot in the first place. (theodoregray.com)
Since thorium and uranium are two of the most common radioactive elements on Earth, while also having three isotopes with half-lives on the order of several billion years, radon will be present on Earth long into the future despite its short half-life. (knowpia.com)
The radon-220 isotope, commonly referred to as thoron , is a natural decay product of the most stable thorium isotope ( thorium-232 ), thus it is a member of thorium series . (material-properties.org)

About radon, health effects of radon, reducing radon levels in your home, testing for radon in your home. (canada.ca)

It is often the single largest contributor to an individual's background radiation dose, and is the most variable from location to location. (wikipedia.org)
Building materials that are made up of sandstone, concrete, brick, natural stone, gypsum, and granite are highly unlikely to contain radioactive material that will increase radiation dose above the low levels of background radiation we receive on a daily basis. (cdc.gov)
Together with background radiation, these sources of internal radiation add to a person's total radiation dose. (news-medical.net)
Background radiation is emitted from both naturally occurring and man-made sources. (news-medical.net)
This is normal and contributes a small fraction to the natural background radiation dose on Planet Earth. (uchicago.edu)
Therefore there was an increase in average background radiation dose of 260 millirem from 1987 to 2006. (uchicago.edu)
The average radiation dose per year in the U.S. from background radiation is 3.1 mSv. (digirad.com)
Homa and Ruri hills in Homa Bay County, Kenya, are associated with high background radiation levels. (ac.ke)
However, even these sources are generally quite limited compared to the general background radiation on Earth. (medscape.com)
This article also acquaints the practitioner with relative doses of common radiographic procedures as well as natural background radiation. (medscape.com)
It is often the single largest contributor to an individual's background radiation dose, but due to local differences in geology, [4] the level of exposure to radon gas differs from place to place. (knowpia.com)
We conducted a large record-based case-control study testing associations between childhood cancer and natural background radiation. (csrp.jp)
That background radiation, excluding radon, is responsible for 1 cancer incidence in 100 of us. (wiseinternational.org)

The average indoor radon concentration is about 1.3 pCi/l of air. (kjtmechanical.com)
The worldwide average indoor radon concentration has been estimated at 39 Becquerel per cubic metre (Bq/m3). (telecare.ie)

However, low-level exposures to ionizing radiation, for example the exposures caused by nuclear energy accidents, do indeed affect human biology. (springer.com)
[8] Significant uncertainties exist for the health effects of low-dose exposures. (knowpia.com)
Radiation exposures were estimated for mother's residence at the child's birth from national databases, using the County District mean for gamma rays, and a predictive map based on domestic measurements grouped by geological boundaries for radon. (csrp.jp)
The study supports the extrapolation of high-dose rate risk models to protracted exposures at natural background exposure levels. (csrp.jp)
The Monographs programme has since been expanded to include consideration of exposures to complex mixtures of chemicals (which occur, for example, in some occupations and as a result of human habits) and to environmental agents of other kinds, such as infectious agents and various forms of radiation. (who.int)

Radon (Rn) is a naturally occurring colorless, odorless, tasteless radioactive gas that occurs in differing atomic structure with the same atomic number but different atomic mass, called isotopes. (cdc.gov)
Radon, a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, has been studied by a number of scientific and medical bodies for its effects on health. (wikipedia.org)
Radon is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless [11] gas and therefore is not detectable by human senses alone. (knowpia.com)

All isotopes of radon are radioactive , but the two radon isotopes radon-222 and radon-220 are very important from radiation protection point of view. (material-properties.org)

Basements and lower levels of the buildings are likely to have higher levels of radon, as it is a heavy gas. (cdc.gov)

Explain potential health effects from exposure to elevated levels of radon. (cdc.gov)
Describe clinical evaluation and management of patients exposed to elevated levels of radon. (cdc.gov)
Radon is normally found at very low levels in the outdoor air. (cdc.gov)
When radon escapes from soil or is discharged from emission stacks to the outdoor air, it is diluted to levels that are normally lower than indoor air. (cdc.gov)
Background levels of radon in outdoor air are generally quite low, typically around 0.4 picocuries per liter of air (pCi/L). They can vary based on location and the geology of the soil. (cdc.gov)
In indoor locations, such as dwellings, schools, or office buildings, levels of radon are generally higher than outdoor levels. (cdc.gov)
This is especially true of newer construction that is more energy-efficient but can increase the levels of radon inside. (cdc.gov)
Nearly one out of every 15 dwellings in the U.S. is estimated to have elevated radon levels at or above EPA's action level of 4 pCi/L. (cdc.gov)
The American Cancer Society (2015) estimated that there are 8 million dwellings in the U.S. with elevated levels of radon. (cdc.gov)
Radon levels vary by location and can accumulate in structures. (cdc.gov)
To prevent elevated levels of radon in indoor air, there are a number of effective safeguards. (swegon.com)
The Nordic countries, for example, have some of the highest indoor radon levels in the world, meaning a value exceeding 200 Bq*/m3. (swegon.com)
Building materials that are made up of sandstone, concrete, brick, natural stone, gypsum, or granite are most likely to emit low levels of radiation. (cdc.gov)
Depending on the amount of these materials present, they may also cause small increases in radiation levels. (cdc.gov)
Radioactive material in building materials may add to indoor radon levels. (cdc.gov)
Elevated indoor radon levels may pose a risk to human health. (cdc.gov)
You can test your building to make sure there are safe levels of radon. (cdc.gov)
These low levels of radioactive material, and the radiation emitted by them, are unlikely to harm human health. (cdc.gov)
If you are concerned about the levels of radon in your home, get it tested. (cdc.gov)
High levels of UV-radiation can cause sunburn and increase the risk of a skin cancer developing. (news-medical.net)
Instruments called dosimeters are used to check the levels of radiation employees are exposed to. (news-medical.net)
Although arising naturally, radon and radon-derived 'daughters' (including 214 Po, 218 Po) can concentrate within the built environment to levels typically not observed in nature. (nature.com)
Oddly, higher levels of lung disorders have never been reported among pets living in homes where radon levels are high. (knowledgeofhealth.com)
In 2009, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) stated that radon gas delivers twice the radiation dose to humans as originally thought and is in the process of reassessing permissible levels. (onlineopinion.com.au)
Most modern uranium mines have air extraction systems and radon levels are monitored. (onlineopinion.com.au)
Campaigners claim that Plymouth has above-average levels of radon and tritium discharges from the dockyard. (independent.co.uk)
Our vission is to map radon levels and also determine the effective dose due to the various radiation sources in Kenya. (radonkenya.org)
Tritium, a radioactive form of hydrogen, is created at measureable levels every second of every day from the bombardment of cosmic radiation with our upper atmosphere. (uchicago.edu)
When you are better educated about the standard radiation guidelines and realistic radiation levels of a particular test, it may effectively ease your concerns and help you make a more informed decision. (digirad.com)
Enhanced or elevated levels of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) in building materials for the construction of dwelling may cause effective doses, which exceeds the dose criterion of 1 mSv・y − 1 [1] should be taken into account in terms of radiation protection. (scirp.org)
It is not uncommon, though, for indoor radon levels to be found in the range of 5 - 50 pCi/l, and they have been found as high as 2,000 pCi/l. (kjtmechanical.com)
Municipal water systems hold and treat water, which helps to release radon so that levels are very low by the time the water reaches our homes. (kjtmechanical.com)
Radon is found all over the United States-in buildings, homes, offices, and schools-and can reach drastically high levels, causing a major health concern. (dayofdifference.org.au)
The primary adverse health effect of exposure to increased levels of radon is lung cancer. (dayofdifference.org.au)
For smokers, exposure to elevated radon levels increases their already heightened lung cancer risk. (dayofdifference.org.au)
If you do find that radon levels in your home are high, well-tested, cost-efficient methods also exist for reducing radon in buildings. (telecare.ie)
Because radon enters from the rocks and soil beneath your home, radon levels are usually higher in downstairs rooms or cellars. (telecare.ie)
The Reference Level represents a radon concentration above which action to reduce radon levels is likely to be needed. (telecare.ie)
That makes indoor radon levels in Ireland the eighth highest among 29 OECD countries. (telecare.ie)
Low dose levels are measured in milligrays (mGy, 1 mGy = 1 / 1000 Gy) and millisieverts (mSv, 1 mSv = 1 / 1000 Sv). (msdmanuals.com)
We report that X-ray radiation affected in a significant way the levels of YAP expression, density, and localization in both cell lines. (bvsalud.org)
As supposed, we found that the effects of radiation on YAP nucleus/cytoplasmic expression ratio, increasing in healthy cells and decreasing in tumour ones, were accompanied by lower and higher lamin A/C levels in MCF10A and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
Derived intervention levels for radionuclides in food : guidelines for application after widespread radioactive contamination resulting from a major radiation accident. (who.int)

Is the radon content in your indoor air elevated? (swegon.com)
The usual method of measuring radon in indoor air is by means of small track-etch detectors. (swegon.com)
However, radon from water in the home generally contributes only a small proportion (less than 5%) of the total radon in indoor air in most housing. (kjtmechanical.com)
Based on an updated Assessment of Risk for Radon in Homes, radon in indoor air is estimated to cause about 21,000 lung cancer deaths each year in the United States. (dayofdifference.org.au)
Radon is a contaminant that affects indoor air quality worldwide. (knowpia.com)

Describe populations at risk for radon exposure. (cdc.gov)

Previous attempts to characterise cardiovascular risks in cohorts suggests ionising radiation increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. (bmj.com)
At the Stem Cell Differentiation and Cytogenetics Group, we are interested in the effects of ionizing radiation on organs such as the brain, the heart, and the lung trying to elucidate the risks for patients treated with ionizing radiation as well as for astronauts, who are inevitably exposed to ionizing radiation on their missions into space. (gsi.de)
There is no question that miners exposed to radon experience health risks, but this involves high-dose exposure. (knowledgeofhealth.com)
A typical calculation using the latest figures of radiation carcinogenesis risks indicates that the average miner has a 1:670 chance of contracting cancer, most likely lung cancer, as a result of workplace radiation exposure. (onlineopinion.com.au)
The risks and benefits of radiation exposure due to medical imaging and other sources must be clearly defined for clinicians and their patients. (medscape.com)
This article is a general overview for the medical practitioner, who should understand the fundamentals of medical ionizing radiation and the general associated risks. (medscape.com)
For those having stopped smoking, the radon-related risks are substantially lower than for those who continue to smoke, but they remain considerably higher than the risks for lifelong non-smokers. (telecare.ie)
ABSTRACT Previous studies have shown that physicians tend to underestimate the risks to patients of radiation exposure. (who.int)

Intercomparison measurements and field measurements have demonstrated the suitability of the INP developed LiF material, TLD equipment and readout techniques for environmental monitoring with superior sensitivity, permitting daily or even hourly dose assessment. (europa.eu)
4. Heavy-ion radiation damage studies in track recorders and assessment of radiation dose due to building materials. (nitj.ac.in)

Naturally occurring sources of radiation include radon and other radioactive elements in air, water, soil, or building materials, as well as cosmic radiation from space. (cdc.gov)
The source of radon in homes is from naturally occurring (geologic) sources. (cdc.gov)
Public Health Tracking Program (EPHTP) to investigate the merits (opportunity, cost and value) of developing public health indicators associated with residential exposure to naturally occurring radon gas. (cdc.gov)
Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that is created as part of the natural radioactive decay chain of uranium. (cdc.gov)
These naturally-occurring elements can break down or decay into the radioactive gas radon . (cdc.gov)

The radiation given off is alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. (cdc.gov)
Dose-response relationships for different radiation types (neutrons, radon, alpha particles, HZE-particles, X-rays) over a wide range of LETs/energies (in vitro studies). (gsi.de)
38 Since radon mainly affects the human body by releasing alpha particles, it hardly causes health problems by external exposure. (dayofdifference.org.au)
For example, 1 Gy of alpha radiation can be more harmful than 1 Gy of beta radiation because alpha particles are much larger than beta particles and carry a greater charge. (medscape.com)
In general, ionizing radiation refers to high-energy electromagnetic waves (x-rays and gamma rays) and particles (alpha particles, beta particles, and neutrons) that are capable of stripping electrons from atoms (ionization). (msdmanuals.com)

There are different kinds of ionizing radiation, such as alpha, beta and gamma rays and neutrons. (who.int)

Radon concentration in the atmosphere is usually measured in becquerels per cubic meter (Bq/m3), which is an SI derived unit. (wikipedia.org)
A cumulative exposure of 1 WLM is roughly equivalent to living one year in an atmosphere with a radon concentration of 230 Bq/m3. (wikipedia.org)
The average concentration of radon in the atmosphere is about 6×10−20 atoms of radon for each molecule in the air, or about 150 atoms in each mL of air. (wikipedia.org)
If radon gas is emitted by structural materials in the building, and from these only, doubling the rate of ventilation halves the radon concentration. (swegon.com)
The concentration of radon measured in a house depends on many factors, including the design of the house, local geology and soil conditions, and the weather. (kjtmechanical.com)
The concentration of radon in a home depends on a number of factors including where the house is located, its construction and the ventilation habits of those who live there. (telecare.ie)
In the HOClBr(-)CuO system, the BrO3(-) yield increased obviously with increasing CuO dose and initial Br(-) concentration, while the catalytic formation of Br-DBPs was rather limited. (who.int)

A qualified radon contractor can help you discover if radon is the problem and let you know what level of radon is present in your home. (dayofdifference.org.au)
The risk depends on the level of radon present and the time you have been exposed. (telecare.ie)

Sand used in making concrete is the major source of radon in buildings. (wikipedia.org)

The main source of indoor radon gas is from rock and soil underneath buildings where it infiltrates through crawl spaces, cracks in solid floors, construction joints, cracks in walls, gaps in suspended floors, gaps around service pipes, and cavities inside walls. (cdc.gov)
On a global scale, it is estimated that 2,400 million curies (91 TBq) of radon are released from soil annually. (wikipedia.org)
Much of this natural radiation comes from radioactive materials in building materials and in soil in the environment. (cdc.gov)
The document stipulates that the selection of construction cites should be performed taking into consideration the gamma-radiation and soil radon emission. (pravda.ru)
Radon is generated in rock and soil, and it creeps through cracks or spaces between particles up to the outside air. (kjtmechanical.com)
Because radon is a chemically inert (unreactive) gas, it can move easily through rock and soil and arrive at the surface. (kjtmechanical.com)
Most radon in homes comes from radon in the soil that seeps into homes through cracks in the foundation or slab. (kjtmechanical.com)
The amount of radon in the soil varies widely and depends on the chemical make up of the soil. (kjtmechanical.com)
Terrestrial radiation refers to sources of radiation that are in the soil, water, and vegetation. (material-properties.org)
The main mechanism for the entry of radon into the atmosphere is diffusion through the soil . (material-properties.org)
As a gas, radon diffuses through rocks and the soil. (material-properties.org)

These include radon gas, certain pesticides, benzene and other chemicals found in industry. (cancer.ie)

Man-made forms of radiation are used in X-rays, cancer treatment, nuclear facilities and nuclear weapons. (news-medical.net)
Measurement data obtained from experiments carried out at the Hinkley Point Nuclear Power Station in the UK with the aim of comparing the responses from different types of dose rate meters and TL dosemeters were further evaluated and analysed. (europa.eu)
But we have to mention that Kurchatovsky Institute is not the only one source of radiation in Moscow: about 60 sources of nuclear contamination are revealed in Moscow every year. (pravda.ru)
When a political commentator like Ann Couler weighed in on FoxNews about the radiation hazard posed by nuclear power plants damaged by a severe earthquake and tsunami in Japan , you can be sure there will be questions over what motivated her to speak out on this topic. (knowledgeofhealth.com)
The timing of this pronouncement appears to be particularly insensitive to Japan where food is contaminated and there is direct radiation exposure to people in the immediate area of damaged nuclear power plants. (knowledgeofhealth.com)
Did the nuclear power industry somehow influence Ann Coulter to spread disinformation that would be a partial cover for their culpability in the recent leak of radiation in Japan? (knowledgeofhealth.com)
A 15-country study of nuclear industry workers (excluding mining) published in 2005, the largest study of nuclear industry workers ever conducted, found a statistically-significant increased risk of cancer and leukaemia in nuclear industry workers, even at low radiation doses. (onlineopinion.com.au)
This includes exposure to high doses of radiation in industry or nuclear accidents or to previous radiotherapy. (cancer.ie)
Additionally, federal regulations allow professionals who work with ionizing radiation, such as Nuclear Medicine Technologists, Radiopharmacists, and Radiology Technologists, to receive up to 50 mSv of ionizing radiation per year of their professional lives, although most receive much less. (digirad.com)
Posted on by in Blog , Nuclear Energy , Radiation with Comments Off on How is Uranium Produced? (euradcom.org)
Some of the more ardent and publicly pro-nuclear individuals were removed from the panel, but many individuals who felt low doses were less harmful, and that a threshold was possible, remained ensuring that the panel was still unbalanced. (wiseinternational.org)
The changes observed in the architecture of the extracellular matrix initiate an oncogene-mediated cell reprogramming, that leads to a massive triggering of YAP nuclear entry, and, therefore, to cancer cell proliferation, invasion and probably to increased radiation-resistance. (bvsalud.org)
2021). Risk of cancer associated with low-dose radiation exposure: comparison of results between the INWORKS nuclear workers study and the A-bomb survivors study. (who.int)

All life forms emit a certain amount of radiation, with all humans, plants and animals accumulating radioisotopes as they ingest food, air and water. (news-medical.net)
Some forms of radiation such as potassium-40 emit high-energy rays that can be detected using measurement systems. (news-medical.net)
Once in the body, radioactive material may be transported to various sites, such as the bone marrow, where it continues to emit radiation, increasing the person's radiation exposure, until it is removed or emits all its energy (decays). (msdmanuals.com)

Obtaining radon content measurement in a single or two-storey building costs EUR 20-50. (swegon.com)
At CIEMAT the main achievement of the project has been the demonstration of practical measurement capabilities of new hypersensitive TL materials, especially LiF:Mg,Cu,P, for environmental radiation dosimetry. (europa.eu)
To express the size of an exposure in terms of potential harm, a measurement of the absorbed dose in joules per kilogram (hence in grays) in a given organ or tissue is multiplied by "quality factors" for that kind of radiation. (who.int)

Natural sources include cosmic radiation, radon, radiation in the body, solar radiation and external terrestrial radiation. (news-medical.net)
The only known natural source of microwave electromagnetic radiation is the negligibly weak cosmic radiation from space, although significant sources of natural radiation have existed at lower radio frequencies due to atmospheric phenomena such as the aurora borealis and thunderstorms. (springer.com)

As radon undergoes radioactive decay, it gives off radiation and becomes another radioactive element. (cdc.gov)
As it undergoes radioactive decay, radon-222 releases alpha radiation and changes to polonium-218, a short-lived radioactive solid. (kjtmechanical.com)

Radon in this brief will refer to radon-222 and its daughters. (cdc.gov)
The decay of radon produces many other short-lived nuclides , known as "radon daughters", ending at stable isotopes of lead . (knowpia.com)
[9] Unlike the gaseous radon itself, radon daughters are solids and stick to surfaces, such as airborne dust particles, which can cause lung cancer if inhaled. (knowpia.com)

Although some scientists dispute the precise number of deaths due to radon, all the major health organizations (like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Lung Association and the American Medical Association) agree with estimates that radon causes thousands of preventable lung cancer deaths every year. (knowledgeofhealth.com)
The study fully supports EPA estimates that radon causes about 15,000 lung cancer deaths per year. (dayofdifference.org.au)
Radon is responsible for about 21,000 lung cancer deaths each year in the United States, though it usually takes 5 to 25 years to develop. (dayofdifference.org.au)
According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), radon is the second most frequent cause of lung cancer, after cigarette smoking, causing 21,000 lung cancer deaths per year in the United States. (knowpia.com)

The burning of coal and other fossil fuels also releases radon. (cdc.gov)

The results of the 1992 EPA National Residential Radon Survey estimated that 1 in 15 homes had an elevated radon level (i.e., a level at or above the EPA action level of 4 picocuries per liter of air). (cdc.gov)
A small workgroup of interested states--Maine, Maryland, Missouri, New Mexico, Oregon, Washington, and Wisconsin--met on a monthly basis to discuss their efforts and progress in determining the availability, quality, and compatibility of residential radon test data. (cdc.gov)
We examined how North American residential radon exposure varies by modern environmental design, occupant behaviour and season. (nature.com)

2023-07-04 The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) met in Munich, Germany on 26-28 June. (irpa.net)
The National Radon Survey was carried out by the Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland (RPII) during the 1990s. (telecare.ie)
To calculate the radiological risk, we considered the most consolidated indices used for radiation protection: annual effective dose, excess lifetime cancer risk, and the lung cancer case. (bvsalud.org)

Ionizing radiation is emitted by radioactive substances (radionuclides), such as uranium, radon, and plutonium. (msdmanuals.com)
This study investigated how the increasing time indoor influenced exposure to natural radioactive substances, such as radon gas. (bvsalud.org)

The EPA admits it primarily relies upon data from miners in regard to radon hazards. (knowledgeofhealth.com)
This site provides information about the hazards and management of radon. (kjtmechanical.com)
Further health hazards result from the chemical toxicity of the uranium to the kidneys, and from the radiation of the uranium (an alpha emitter). (ratical.org)
Radiation Studies Br, Div of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, CDC. (cdc.gov)

The radon (222 Rn) released into the air decays to 210 Pb and other radioisotopes. (wikipedia.org)
Radon that decays in water, leaves only solid decay products which will remain in the water as they decay to stable lead. (kjtmechanical.com)

Radon is a noble gas that can be neither seen nor smelled. (swegon.com)
Radon is an invisible, odourless noble gas that enters homes in construction materials, domestic water and from the ground. (swegon.com)
It is important to note that radon is a noble gas , whereas all its decay products are metals . (material-properties.org)

This directive was published in January 2014 adopting a uniform reference level of 1 mSv・y − 1 for indoor external exposure to gamma rays emitted by building materials to identify those of concern from a radiation protection point of view. (scirp.org)
Common examples of ionized radiation are ultraviolet, gamma, alpha and beta waves. (euradcom.org)
Ionizing radiation can exist in 2 forms: as an electromagnetic wave, such as an x-ray or gamma ray, or as a particle, in the form of an alpha or beta particle, neutron, or proton. (medscape.com)
Experience has shown that a 1-gray dose of alpha rays, for example, is about 10 to 20 times more harmful than a 1-gray dose of gamma rays. (who.int)

This challenges the utility of seasonal correction values for establishing dosimetry in risk estimations, and suggests that radon-attributable cancers are being underestimated. (nature.com)
The demand for the antidote to radiation-induced thyroid cancers, potassium iodide pills, far exceeded the supply. (knowledgeofhealth.com)
The Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionising Radiation, convened by the US National Academy of Sciences, noted in a comprehensive 2006 review of the evidence that "… there is a linear dose-response relationship between exposure to ionising radiation and the development of solid cancers in humans. (onlineopinion.com.au)
It is estimated that radon causes between 3% to 14% of all lung cancers in a country, depending on the national average radon level and the smoking prevalence. (dayofdifference.org.au)
(Juny 15, 2005) A panel from the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) charged to investigate the dangers of low-energy, low-dose ionizing radiation has concluded, "that it is unlikely that a threshold exists for the induction of cancers. (wiseinternational.org)
How, then do we really determine which cancers radiation helps to cause as opposed to the ones caused solely by radiation? (wiseinternational.org)

Radon is responsible for the majority of public exposure to ionizing radiation. (wikipedia.org)
Organ dose from internal exposure to uranium was assessed, along with dose from external ionizing radiation and exposure to radon. (cdc.gov)
Mean cumulative external ionizing radiation dose was 13.4 mGy. (cdc.gov)
In such organoids, we can also mimic brain tumor initiation and growth and examine the interaction between normal tissue and tumor tissue upon treatment with ionizing radiation alone or in combination with other treatment modalities such as chemotherapies. (gsi.de)
Decaying 222 Rn emits alpha particle ionizing radiation, severely damaging DNA in such a way that is almost impossible for our cells to repair without introducing genetic errors 16 . (nature.com)
It's this ionizing form in particular that can be harmful to humans, as the kinetic energy that this radiation possesses is strong enough to break the chemical bonds that comprise organic matter. (euradcom.org)
It is therefore this emission of energy that is categorized as ionizing radiation. (euradcom.org)
Both ionizing X-rays and non-ionizing microwaves are forms of electromagnetic radiation. (springer.com)
Medical diagnostic procedures used to define and diagnose medical conditions are currently the greatest manmade source of ionizing radiation exposure to the general population. (medscape.com)
The use of ionizing radiation in medicine began with the discovery of x-rays by Roentgen in 1895. (medscape.com)
Ionizing radiation is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with sufficient energy to pass through matter and physically dislodge orbital electrons to form ions. (medscape.com)
Different forms of ionizing radiation have differing abilities to generate biologic damage. (medscape.com)
Radiation injury is damage to tissues caused by exposure to ionizing radiation. (msdmanuals.com)
Large doses of ionizing radiation can cause acute illness by reducing the production of blood cells and damaging the digestive tract. (msdmanuals.com)
A very large dose of ionizing radiation can also damage the heart and blood vessels (cardiovascular system), brain, and skin. (msdmanuals.com)
Ionizing radiation can increase the risk of cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
By changing molecules in the highly ordered environment of the cell, ionizing radiation can disrupt and damage cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Depending on the magnitude of the dose, organs exposed, and types of radiation cellular damage caused by ionizing radiation can cause acute illness, increase the risk of developing cancer, or both. (msdmanuals.com)
However, because of their lower energy, these forms of radiation are not ionizing, and thus public exposure to these common sources does not damage cells. (msdmanuals.com)
In this discussion, "radiation" refers exclusively to ionizing radiation. (msdmanuals.com)
The roentgen (R) is a measure of the ionizing ability of radiation in air and is commonly used to express the intensity of exposure to radiation. (msdmanuals.com)
To elucidate the role of extracellular matrix stiffness and ionizing radiations on YAP regulation, we explored the behaviour of two different mammary cell lines, a normal epithelial cell line (MCF10A) and a highly aggressive and invasive adenocarcinoma cell line (MDA-MB-231) interacting with polyacrylamide substrates mimicking the mechanics of both normal and tumour tissues (â ¼1 and â ¼13 kPa). (bvsalud.org)
This review aims to analyse several studies which have examined the alteration of the cell cytoskeleton induced by ionizing radiations. (bvsalud.org)
The amount of energy deposited in tissue by an exposure to ionizing radiation ("a dose") can be expressed in joules per kilogram. (who.int)
However, simply measuring the amount of energy absorbed by tissue from ionizing radiation is not enough to predict the amount of potential harm. (who.int)
2018). Site-specific solid cancer mortality after exposure to ionizing radiation: a cohort study of workers (INWORKS). (who.int)

The radon-222 isotope is a natural decay product of the most stable uranium isotope (uranium-238), thus it is a member of uranium series . (material-properties.org)

Radon gas from natural sources can accumulate in buildings, especially in confined areas such as attics and basements. (wikipedia.org)
The illustration at right shows the sources of radon that can accumulate in buildings. (kjtmechanical.com)

Human-made buildings can artificially concentrate radioactive radon gas of geologic origin, exposing occupants to harmful alpha particle radiation emissions that damage DNA and increase lung cancer risk. (nature.com)
In fact there is evidence of harmful effects from low-level radiation exposure. (onlineopinion.com.au)
Although the word 'depleted uranium' may suggest no harmful impact from radiation, this brochure will clarify the real radiotoxic (and chemotoxic) properties of DU. (ratical.org)
Even with this questionable panel composition, the committee could not ignore the current body of scientific studies that are now recognizing harmful and hitherto unpredicted effects at very low doses of radiation. (wiseinternational.org)

Unlike all other intermediate elements in the aforementioned decay chains, radon is, under standard conditions, gaseous and easily inhaled, and therefore a health hazard. (knowpia.com)

11,727 residential buildings were radon-tested using multiple approaches coupled to geologic, geographic, architectural, seasonal and behavioural data with quality controls. (nature.com)

Workshop participants presented estimates of the numbers of persons treated and of the doses to nearby organs. (cdc.gov)

Fourteen and 10 studies reporting external radiation doses were included in meta-analyses using SMR and ERR/Sv, respectively. (bmj.com)

In terms of the effects of radiation on health, two main forms of radiation should be considered and these include non-ionising radiation (low energy radiation) and ionising radiation (high energy radiation). (news-medical.net)
That x-rays may be 2-3 times more dangerous than other forms of radiation, meaning that CT scans would generate about 1 cancer per 300-400 procedures. (wiseinternational.org)

This means that the radon content when we take a shower increases significantly. (swegon.com)
With negative pressure in a ventilation system, the risk of radon infiltration increases. (swegon.com)
Ionising radiation is a human carcinogen, but the evidence is less clear that exposure to low-dose ionising radiation (LDIR) increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. (bmj.com)
The mantra coming from public health agencies is that any radiation increases your risk for cancer. (knowledgeofhealth.com)

1 sievert (Sv) is defined as high-dose radiation, and is borderline for severe harm to human health. (swegon.com)
The sievert (Sv) is the unit for equivalent dose in the System International (SI) nomenclature. (medscape.com)
The gray (Gy) and sievert (Sv) are measures of the dose of radiation, which is the amount of radiation deposited in matter, and are the units used to measure dose in humans after exposure to radiation. (msdmanuals.com)

Most of the public's exposure to natural radiation comes from radon which can be found in homes, schools, and office buildings. (kjtmechanical.com)

For low doses, the risk estimates are all hypothetical, calculated from data involving high-dose exposure . (knowledgeofhealth.com)
At this stage, previous dose estimates to miners need to be approximately doubled to accurately reflect the lung cancer hazard. (onlineopinion.com.au)
EPA estimates that the national average indoor radon level in homes is about 1.3 pCi/l of air. (kjtmechanical.com)
While radon is the second most frequent cause of lung cancer, it is the number one cause among non-smokers, according to EPA policy-oriented estimates. (knowpia.com)

Even when radiotherapy is used to treat cancer, the amount of ionising radiation used is so carefully controlled that the risk of problems associated with exposure is tiny. (news-medical.net)

Just as we have a lot of quack medicines today, many of which are quite dangerous (e.g. ephedrine in high doses sold as an "herbal" remedy), soon after the discovery of radiation it started being used in health drinks and other remedies. (theodoregray.com)

X-rays also produce ionized radiation in the form of electromagnetic waves. (euradcom.org)
After several more transformations (loss of particles or electromagnetic radiation from the nucleus), the series ends at lead-206, which is stable. (kjtmechanical.com)
Radio waves, such as from cell phones and AM and FM radio transmitters, and visible light also are forms of electromagnetic radiation. (msdmanuals.com)

At BHP Billiton's Olympic Dam underground uranium/copper mine in South Australia, the total dose per miner is approximately 6 millisieverts (mSv) per year allowing for the new ICRP dose coefficients). (onlineopinion.com.au)

Anatomy1

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs18

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Phenomena and Processes14

Disciplines and Occupations5

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Humanities1

Information Science5

Health Care25

Geographicals1

Concentrations25

Inhalation6

Radioactivity9

Radium16

Progeny8

Thorium10

Health effects of radon1

Background radiation13

Average indoor radon concentration2

Exposures5

Colorless3

Isotopes of ra1

Higher levels of radon1

Levels43

Indoor air5

Risk for radon1

Risks8

Assessment2

Naturally5

Alpha particles5

Neutrons1

Concentration7

Level of radon2

Source of radon1

Soil11

Include radon1

Nuclear13

Emit3

Measurement3

Cosmic2

Undergoes2

Daughters3

Lung cancer deaths4

Releases radon1

Residential radon3

Radiological3

Radioactive substances2

Hazards4

Decays2

Noble gas3

Gamma4

Cancers6

Ionizing26

Decay product1

Accumulate in buildings2

Harmful4

Gaseous1

Geologic1

Organs1

External radiation1

Forms of radiation2

Increases4

Sievert3

Natural radiation1

Estimates4

Amount of ionising1

High doses1

Electromagnetic3

Coefficients1