• The purified Rad17 and Rad9-Hus1-Rad1 (9-1-1) complexes can form a stable co-complex in the presence of ATP, using Rad17-Rad9 interactions. (reactome.org)
  • From computer modeling studies, the Rad17 subunit of the complex is also proposed to interact with the C-terminus of Rad1, p36 with the C-terminus of Hus1, and p38 with the C-terminus of Rad9. (reactome.org)
  • Rad17 is a subunit of the Rad9-Hus1-Rad1 clamp loader complex which is Dabigatran etexilate required for Chk1 activation after DNA damage. (healthdisparitiesks.org)
  • The checkpoint clamp Rad9-Hus1-Rad1 (9-1-1) is loaded by the Rad17-RFC complex onto chromatin after DNA damage and plays a key role in the ATR-dependent checkpoint activation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • HUS1 has been shown to interact with: HDAC1, PCNA, RAD1 homolog RAD17, and RAD9A. (wikipedia.org)
  • This family consists of the repair proteins Rad1, Rec1 and Rad17. (embl.de)
  • The protein products of several rad checkpoint genes of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (rad1 + , rad3 + , rad9 + , rad17 + , rad26 + , and hus1 + ) play crucial roles in sensing changes in DNA structure, and several function in the maintenance of telomeres. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The S. cerevisiae checkpoint protein Rad17, the orthologue of human Rad1, forms a homocomplex in response to treatment with DNA damaging agents, and the complex is required for yeast survival after exposure to genotoxic agents [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This complex is believed to be involved in cellular responses to DNA damage, possibly by associating with Rad17 and several components of the PCNA-loading heteropentamer, replication factor C. Human Rad1 exhibits significant homology to Rad1 from S. pombe, and its expression in yeast rad1 mutants has been shown to partially restore radiation resistance and G2 checkpoint activity. (biossusa.com)
  • When the mammalian homologue of S. pombe Rad9 was inactivated, increases in chromosome end-to-end associations and frequency of telomere loss were observed. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Our observations suggest that CK2 plays a crucial role in the ATR-dependent checkpoint pathway through its ability to phosphorylate Ser-341 and Ser-387 of the Rad9 subunit of the 9-1-1 complex. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Here, we demonstrate that in vitro casein kinase 2 (CK2) specifically interacts with human 9-1-1 and phosphorylates serines 341 and 387 (Ser-341 and Ser-387) in the C-terminal tail of Rad9. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Moreover, we observed that hMYH was essential for the accumulation of hTopBP1 on damaged DNA, where hTopBP1 interacts with hRad9, a component of the Rad9-Hus1-Rad1 complex. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is also reported that MUTYH has a Zn-binding motif in a unique interdomain connector (IDC) region, which interacts with Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 complex (9-1-1) in DNA damage response, and with apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) in BER. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This protein forms a heterotrimeric complex with checkpoint proteins RAD9 and RAD1. (wikipedia.org)
  • To address this issue, primary mouse cells, haploinsufficient for one or two proteins, ATM and RAD9, related to the cellular response to DNA damage were examined. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The results show that cells having low levels of both ATM and RAD9 proteins are more sensitive to transformation by radiation, have different DNA double-strand break repair dynamics and are less apoptotic when compared with wild-type controls or those cells haploinsufficient for only one of these proteins. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Our conclusions are that under stress conditions, the efficiency and capacity for DNA repair mediated by the ATM/RAD9 cell signaling network depend on the abundance of both proteins and that, in general, DNA repair network efficiencies are genotype-dependent and can vary within a specific range. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Human Rad1 is a component of a heterotrimeric PCNA like complex that also contains the Rad9 and Hus1 proteins. (biossusa.com)
  • Checkpoint protein HUS1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HUS1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • It forms a checkpoint protein complex with RAD1 and HUS1. (avivasysbio.com)
  • The Rad1 protein, evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans, exists in cells as monomer as well as a component in the 9-1-1 protein complex. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is not clear whether Rad1, Rad9 and Hus1 also have distinct functional activities independent of the heterotrimeric form. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furuya K, Poitelea M, Guo L, Caspari T and Carr AM, 2004 , Chk1 activation requires Rad9 S/TQ-site phosphorylation to promote association with C-terminal BRCT domains of Rad4TOPBP1. (bangor.ac.uk)
  • We have also demonstrated previously overexpression of Rad9 mRNA in a number of primary breast tumors and the increased Rad9 mRNA was correlated with an increased risk of local recurrence and tumor proliferation, suggesting that Rad9 is an oncogene in breast cancer [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, mammalian Rad9 interacted with Rad51, and inactivation of mammalian Rad9 also resulted in decreased homologous recombinational (HR) repair, which occurs predominantly in the S and G 2 phases of the cell cycle. (elsevierpure.com)
  • It is likely that increased Rad9 expression is needed for proliferation of tumor cells by mechanisms such as getting beyond (tolerating) oncogene-induced replicative stress and enhancing DNA repair capability. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Together, these findings provide evidence of roles for mammalian Rad9 in telomere stability and HR repair as a mechanism for promoting cell survival after IR exposure. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This telomere instability correlated with enhanced S- and G 2 -phase- specific cell killing, delayed kinetics of γ-H2AX focus appearance and disappearance, and reduced chromosomal repair after ionizing radiation (IR) exposure, suggesting that Rad9 plays a role in cell cycle phase-specific DNA damage repair. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These data suggest a possibility that Rad1 in humans and mice might have distinct functions independent of the 9-1-1 heterotrimer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • the E-value for the Rad1 domain shown below is 1.2e-11. (embl.de)
  • Thus far, there has been no report addressing the function of Rad1 in carcinogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Knockdown of Rad9 in prostate tumor cells correlates with reduction of tumorigenicity in nude mice [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Checkpoint protein HUS1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HUS1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • This protein forms a heterotrimeric complex with checkpoint proteins RAD9 and RAD1. (wikipedia.org)
  • 14. Jab1 mediates protein degradation of the Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 checkpoint complex. (nih.gov)
  • Surprisingly Chk1, Cds1/Chk2 and the Rad9-Hus1-Rad1 checkpoint clamp, which are crucial for surviving many genotoxins, are fully dispensable in RFC-defective cells. (nih.gov)