Type I and II interferons (IFNs) stimulate the KYN/TRP pathway, producing elevated QA/kynurenic acid (KA), a potential neurotoxic imbalance that may contribute to SLE-mediated cognitive dysfunction. (bmj.com)
QUIN3
Quinolinic acid (abbreviated QUIN or QA), also known as pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid with a pyridine backbone. (wikipedia.org)
Quinolinic acid (QUIN) and serotonin (5-HT) are chemicals that can affect pain perception and depressive disorders. (balimedicaljournal.org)
The current examine was undertaken to find out the potential neuroprotective results and the related mechanism of papaverine (PAP), a PDE10A isoenzyme inhibitor, towards quinolinic acid (QUIN)-induced excitotoxicity utilizing human major cortical neurons. (aabioetica.org)
Quinolinic acid is a byproduct of the kynurenine pathway, which is responsible for catabolism of tryptophan in mammals. (wikipedia.org)
Quinolinic acid is an endogenous N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist synthesized from L-tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway and thereby has the potential of mediating N-methyl-D-aspartate neuronal damage and dysfunction [2] . (epigenetics-modulation-frontier.com)
An investigator injected himself with quinolinic acid, an L-tryptophan metabolite, and developed peripheral eosinophilia and subcutaneous inflammatory lesions resembling eosinophilic fasciitis. (medscape.com)
Objective Quinolinic acid (QA), a kynurenine (KYN)/tryptophan (TRP) pathway metabolite, is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist that can produce excitotoxic neuron damage. (bmj.com)
A very small proportion of tryptophan is also transformed into indol derivatives, such as indoxyl acetic acid. (wikipathways.org)
In an unusual experiment, an investigator injected himself subcutaneously with quinolinic acid, an L-tryptophan metabolite, resulting in peripheral blood eosinophilia and dermal and subcutaneous inflammatory lesions resembling those of eosinophilic fasciitis and increased transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFB1) deposition. (medscape.com)
Neurons3
Quinolinic acid affects neurons located mainly in the hippocampus, striatum, and neocortex, due to the selectivity toward quinolinic acid by the specific NMDA receptors residing in those regions. (wikipedia.org)
At cellular level, the telencephalon is populated by a large diversity of neurons, including glutamatergic projection neurons, GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-ergic interneurons and projection neurons, as well as cholinergic interneurons and projection neurons. (intechopen.com)
PA28γ also improved cell viability in mutant huntingtin-expressing striatal neurons exposed to pathological stressors, such as the excitotoxin quinolinic acid and the reversible proteasome inhibitor MG132. (science20.com)
Neurotransmitter4
Regional brain amino acid and neurotransmitter derangements during abdominal sepsis and septic encephalopathy in the rat. (thieme-connect.de)
Last year, researchers in Sweden published a study linking suicide attempts to higher-than-usual levels of quinolinic acid, a neurotransmitter associated with inflammation. (popsci.com)
Excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain is predominantly mediated by the neurotransmitter glutamate, while inhibitory transmission is mediated mainly by the neurotransmitter gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). (frontiersin.org)
It is a building block of proteins, participates in the citric acid and urea cycles, and is a neurotransmitter. (unboundmedicine.com)
Quinolinic acid may undergo further decarboxylation to nicotinic acid (niacin): Oxidation of aspartate by the enzyme aspartate oxidase gives iminosuccinate, containing the two carboxylic acid groups that are found in quinolinic acid. (wikipedia.org)
The main route of the kynurenine pathway leads to the formation of N -formyl kynurenine, L -kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthra- nilic acid, quinolinic acid, nicotinic acid, and in fine nicotinamine adenine dinucleotides. (wikipathways.org)
NaMN is then adenylylated to form nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NaAD+), which is converted to NAD+. (wikipathways.org)
Striatal1
JAK2 inhibition is neuroprotective and reduces astrogliosis after quinolinic acid striatal lesion in adult mice. (mbfbioscience.com)
Quinolinate1
Condensation of iminosuccinate with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, mediated by quinolinate synthase, affords quinolinic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Additional lateral branches of the kynurenine pathway lead to the formation of other terminal kynurenines, such as KA, xanthurenic acid, and anthranilic acid. (wikipathways.org)
Acetic2
In this study, the antinociceptive activity of (-)-linalool was examined in two different pain models in mice: the acetic acid-induced writhing response, a model of inflammatory pain, and the hot plate test, a model of supraspinal analgesia. (researchgate.net)
Glacial (highly purified) acetic acid contains at least 99.5% acetic acid by weight. (unboundmedicine.com)
Neurotoxin1
The period of BBB opening was exploited to focally deliver to the brain parenchyma a systemically administered neurotoxin (quinolinic acid) that is well tolerated peripherally and otherwise impermeable to the BBB. (thejns.org)
Serotonin4
This study aims to analyze the relationship between quinolinic acid and serotonin levels with depression and pain degree in cancer pain patients. (balimedicaljournal.org)
The patient's quinolinic acid and serotonin plasma were collected through blood samples and assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. (balimedicaljournal.org)
Spearman's comparison test determined the correlation between quinolinic acid and serotonin levels with depression and pain degree. (balimedicaljournal.org)
Spearman's comparison test was conducted on quinolinic acid and serotonin levels against depression degree and pain degree, resulting in a weak correlation. (balimedicaljournal.org)
Agonist1
Quinolinic acid produces its toxic effect through several mechanisms, primarily as its function as an NMDA receptor agonist, which triggers a chain of deleterious effects, but also through lipid peroxidation, and cytoskeletal destabilization. (wikipedia.org)
KYNA1
While astrocytes do not produce quinolinic acid directly, they do produce KYNA, which when released from the astrocytes can be taken in by migroglia that can in turn increase quinolinic acid production. (wikipedia.org)
NMDA2
Quinolinic acid's neuroactive and excitatory properties are a result of NMDA receptor agonism in the brain. (wikipedia.org)
The quinolinic acid produced in microglia is then released and stimulates NMDA receptors, resulting in excitatory neurotoxicity. (wikipedia.org)
C 10 H 18 N 4 O 6 , a compound intermediate in the synthesis of arginine, formed from citrulline and aspartic acid. (unboundmedicine.com)
Neurotoxic1
Quinolinic acid has a potent neurotoxic effect. (wikipedia.org)
Inflammatory2
Under inflammatory conditions and conditions of T cell activation, leukocytes are retained in the brain by cytokine and chemokine production, which can lead to the breakdown of the BBB, thus increasing the quinolinic acid that enters the brain. (wikipedia.org)
Lapin followed up this research by demonstrating that quinolinic acid could induce convulsions when injected into mice brain ventricles. (wikipedia.org)
Colorless1
C 3 H 4 O 2 , a colorless corrosive acid used in making acrylic polymers and resins. (unboundmedicine.com)
Rats1
Creatine reduces 3-nitropropionic-acid-induced cognitive and motor abnormalities in rats. (neurotree.org)
Brain5
Studies have demonstrated that quinolinic acid may be involved in many psychiatric disorders, neurodegenerative processes in the brain, as well as other disorders. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, quinolinic acid has been shown to play a role in destabilization of the cytoskeleton within astrocytes and brain endothelial cells, contributing to the degradation of the BBB, which results in higher concentrations of quinolinic acid in the brain. (wikipedia.org)
Arguably, the test will be more useful as a research tool than a diagnostic one-scientists could use it to probe the relationship between the body's immune system and depression , and to further investigate the role of quinolinic acid in brain diseases like Alzheimer's disease, autism and schizophrenia. (popsci.com)
Quinolinic acid released from polymeric brain implants causes behavioral and neuroanatomical alterations in a rodent model of Huntington's disease. (neurotree.org)
Weak1
H 3 BO 3 , a white crystalline acid that in water forms a very weak acid solution poisonous to plants and animals. (unboundmedicine.com)
Increases1
in diabetic ketoacidosis, when the conversion of fatty acids to ketones increases. (unboundmedicine.com)
Levels3
After this, Schwarcz demonstrated that elevated quinolinic acid levels could lead to axonal neurodegeneration. (wikipedia.org)
C 4 H 8 O 3 , any of the acids present in the urine, esp. (unboundmedicine.com)
Research1
The NHIRD can be found at http://nhird.nhri.org.tw/en/index.htm and is provided to scientists for research purposes. (psychiatrist.com)
Found2
One of the earliest reported syntheses of this quinolinic acid was by Zdenko Hans Skraup, who found that methyl-substituted quinolines could be oxidized to quinolinic acid by potassium permanganate. (wikipedia.org)
An acid reacts with a metal to form a salt, neutralizes bases, and turns litmus paper red. (unboundmedicine.com)
Applications1
Quinolinic acid is intended for Pharmaceuticals applications. (alsachim.com)
Class1
ABBR: AHA Any of a class of water-soluble acids derived from fruit or milk, having a hydroxyl moiety in the first position in the molecule. (unboundmedicine.com)
Products1
Na and Nam are also converted to nicotinuric acid and N-methylnicotinamide elimination products. (wikipathways.org)
Formation1
Corticosteroids inhibit formation of arachidonic acid from phospholipids when cell membranes are damaged. (unboundmedicine.com)