Chemicals and Drugs
Quaternary Ammonium CompoundsDisinfectants
QuaternaryDisinfectantsAlthough QACsDisinfectionAntimicrobial resistanceCompoundsPandemicMicrobiologicalChemicalsImpactsConcentrationsRemain largelyWidelyVirusesLaboratoryFabricProductsServicesFullGroupHealthResearchStructureWorkQuaternaryAmmonium compoundsClinical EfficacyByproductsAquatic organismsWastewaterRespiratoryVIVOCosmetic TestingExposureDisruptDisinfectWorseAcuteIrritationMixtureChronicRegulatoryAlternativesChemicalClaimStudiesProductEnvironmentHouseholdDifficult
Quaternary19
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), a large class of chemicals that includes high production volume substances, have been used for decades as antimicrobials, preservatives, and antistatic agents and for other functions in cleaning, disinfecting, personal care products, and durable consumer goods. (sfei.org)
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds ("QACs" or "quats") are a broad class of several hundred chemicals. (turi.org)
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are among the most commonly used antibacterial agents. (ac.ir)
  • Among the key ingredients used in many disinfecting products are quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) - "quats" for short. (cleaninginstitute.org)
  • BAC and DDAC are also referred to as quaternary ammonium compounds or QACs/QUATs and are used in disinfectants and cleaner-sanitisers. (soilassociation.org)
  • The news coverage and related headlines - some of which were a bit alarmist - involved a commonly used family of chemicals known as quaternary ammonium compounds (quats or QACs for short). (industryintel.com)
  • Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs or quats) are often used to kill microorganisms in food production, food service, health care, and other environments. (deverechemical.com)
  • What are Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)? (orapiasia.com)
  • Cleaning products containing Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) has become increasingly prevalent, particularly in healthcare facilities, food processing, food service establishments, daycare facilities, and schools. (orapiasia.com)
  • Benzalkonium chloride or BAC, also termed as ammonium alkyl dimethyl (phenylmethyl) chloride, benzyl ammonium chloride are a group of quaternary ammonium compounds or QACs. (asdreports.com)
  • The quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) from various household cleaning products were looked at by scientists as these substances kill bacteria when they are in large quantities, but cause their immunity when they are diluted. (zmescience.com)
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds, commonly referred to as QUATs or QACs, are used extensively in breweries because of their stability and non-corrosiveness. (beer-brewing.com)
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds are also referred to as "QACs" or "quats. (substack.com)
  • During the pandemic of COVID-19, the amounts of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) used to inactivate the virus in public facilities, hospitals and households increased, which raised concerns about the evolution and transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). (bvsalud.org)
  • Wipes.com EPA-registered disinfectants use quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) as their active ingredient. (wipes.com)
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds, also called quats or QACs, are a group of chemicals used for a variety of purposes including as preservatives, surfactants, antistatic agents, and as active ingredients in disinfectants and sanitizers. (chemicalsafetyfacts.org)
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) have been widely used as cationic surfactants for fabricating industrial products, such as antimicrobial soap, disinfectants, detergents, fabric softeners, preservatives, and pest control products since 1935 [ 1 ]. (eeer.org)
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are a kind of widely used cationic surfactants. (labinsights.nl)
  • If classified by anion, QACs can be grouped into: halide quaternary ammonium salts, acid radical quaternary ammonium salts, polyquaternium, quaternary ammonium hydroxide, and quaternary phosphonium compounds. (labinsights.nl)
Disinfectants3
Although QACs2
  • Although QACs have been used for over 80 years, they have had a recent increase in use. (turi.org)
  • Although QACs may play an important role in the propagation of antibiotic resistance gene (ARGs), the potential contribution and mechanism remains unclear. (bvsalud.org)
Disinfection4
  • One extremely misleading claim in a publicity statement claims that "Disinfection with QACs, for example, often has no benefit over cleaning with plain soap and water. (industryintel.com)
  • Overzealous disinfection, especially with products containing QACs, threaten to make it worse. (industryintel.com)
  • QACs are highly effective in eliminating many pathogens, making them a popular choice for disinfection and cleaning. (orapiasia.com)
  • This article explores the use of QACs in cleaning and disinfection, their effectiveness in eradicating pathogens, their potential risks, and their far-exceeding advantages. (orapiasia.com)
Antimicrobial resistance1
  • QACs' role in antimicrobial resistance has also been demonstrated. (sfei.org)
Compounds3
  • They are mainly quarternary ammonium compounds (QACS), glutaraldehyde and bleach solutions. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Assessing the risks posed by QACs is hampered by their vast structural diversity and a lack of quantitative data on exposure and toxicity for the majority of these compounds. (sfei.org)
  • The properties of QACs are determined by the structure and properties of their substituted R groups, which can be divided into four categories, namely, alkyltrimethylammonium compounds (ATMACs) and dialkyldimethlammonium compounds (DADMACs), benzylalkyldimethylammonium compounds (BACs) and heterocyclic ammonium compounds (HACs). (labinsights.nl)
Pandemic1
  • Studies conducted before and after the onset of the pandemic indicate increased human exposure to QACs. (sfei.org)
Microbiological1
  • QACS microbiological, chemical, in vivo, in vitro and molecular testing services are offered in rapid turnaround time and competitive prices. (cosmeticsbusiness.com)
Chemicals1
  • Learn more about commonly used disinfecting QACs , health and environment impacts , alternatives and chemicals in SAB recommendation . (turi.org)
Impacts1
  • Emerging information on adverse environmental and human health impacts of QACs is motivating a reconsideration of the risks and benefits across the life cycle of their production, use, and disposal. (sfei.org)
Concentrations2
  • Adverse ecological effects include acute and chronic toxicity to susceptible aquatic organisms, with concentrations of some QACs approaching levels of concern. (sfei.org)
  • Here, the results showed that benzyl dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC) and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC) significantly promoted plasmid RP4-mediated ARGs transfer within and across genera at environmental relevant concentrations (0.0004-0.4 mg/L). Low concentrations of QACs did not contribute to the permeability of the cell plasma membrane, but significantly increased the permeability of the cell outer membrane due to the decrease in content of lipopolysaccharides. (bvsalud.org)
Remain largely2
  • Consequently, exposures to common mixtures of QACs and from multiple sources remain largely unassessed. (sfei.org)
  • QACs remain largely used in the United States as ingredients in antimicrobial products for use in consumer and institutional cleaning and disinfecting. (turi.org)
Widely1
  • Because of its good surface activity and bactericidal effect, QACs are widely used in industrial, agriculture, food industry and medical care industry. (labinsights.nl)
Viruses2
  • In addition, QACs have been recently recognized as capable of inactivating corona viruses. (eeer.org)
  • QACs can kill most bacterial propagules and fungal viruses. (labinsights.nl)
Laboratory2
  • QACS, The Challenge Test laboratory provides cosmetic and personal care testing services. (cosmeticsbusiness.com)
  • Empowered by a team of experienced scientists and state-of-the-art equipment, QACS cosmetic services are being conducted in four distinct laboratory facilities. (cosmeticsbusiness.com)
Fabric1
  • QACs are also utilized for soil removal and fabric softening purposes in laundry Detergents . (reportsanddata.com)
Products2
  • Since its establishment in 2002, QACS has being experiencing continuous growth by efficiently covering normative requirements of cosmetic products from R&D stage to ready to buy products. (cosmeticsbusiness.com)
  • Some restrictions on the use of QACs have been implemented in the US and elsewhere, primarily focused on personal care products. (sfei.org)
Services3
  • At QACS Lab, we stand as the leader in excellence in cosmetic testing services. (cosmeticsbusiness.com)
  • 31.38 /hour -- EPA National Student Services Contract / ORAU -- Collect, curate (e.g., drawing chemical structures), and organize data in databases on QACs including relevant metadata (e.g. (conservationjobboard.com)
  • QACS International is accredited from IAS (International Accreditation Services) for Personnel certification for ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 45001, ISO 22000 & ISO 27001 as Lead auditor/ Auditor. (qacsworld.com)
Full2
  • As a one stop shop cosmetic testing lab, QACS provides a full spectrum of Quality control testing, from Chemical Analysis to Clinical Efficacy studies. (cosmeticsbusiness.com)
  • QACS International is also the full member of IPC with MLA signatory for training of ISO 9001,14001,45001,22000,27001. (qacsworld.com)
Group1
  • Generally speaking, the longer the carbon chain contained in QACs substituted for the R group, the weaker its water solubility and polarity, and the stronger its non-polarity. (labinsights.nl)
Health1
  • The review evaluates currently available information on the ecological and human health profile of QACs and identifies multiple areas of potential concern. (sfei.org)
Research1
  • Via years of research and innovation, Alfa Chemistry's custom synthesis lab (https://qacs.alfa-chemistry.com/custom-synthesis.html) also provides tailor-made synthesis service to help address any challenging tasks concerning the production, use and commercialization of QACs. (labinsights.nl)
Structure1
  • Further, the US Environmental Protection Agency's current method of grouping QACs based on structure, first proposed in 1988, is insufficient to address the wide range of QAC chemistries, potential toxicities, and exposure scenarios. (sfei.org)
Work1
  • Our PhD students and postdocs presented their work at the QACS which was held at QUT on the 27th November 2020. (macroarc.org)
Quaternary13
  • Most household cleaners contain an ingredient known as "quaternary ammonium compounds" or QACs (1) . (sani-powder.com)
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds - also referred to as QACs or quats - are a broad class of man-made chemicals first discovered in the 1940s. (papcosupply.com)
  • Humans are extensively exposed to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs). (medrxiv.org)
  • Quaternary Ammonium Chloride Compounds (QACs) are commonly used as the disinfectant in cleaning products. (cdc.gov)
  • In laboratory experiments RM1246-ERRC exhibited resistance to the antimicrobial effects of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) when compared to other C. jejuni strains. (usda.gov)
  • The news coverage and related headlines - some of which were a bit alarmist - involved a commonly used family of chemicals known as quaternary ammonium compounds (quats or QACs for short). (industryintel.com)
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds, commonly referred to as QUATs or QACs, are used extensively in breweries because of their stability and non-corrosiveness. (beer-brewing.com)
  • Ninety milk samples containing benzalkonium compounds with alkyl chain lengths ranging from C10 to C18 had a mean total benzalkonium concentration of 1.2 mcg/L. Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs, including alkyltrimethyl ammonium compounds) were found in breastmilk with at least one QAC found in each sample and 7 QACs detected in more than half of the samples. (nih.gov)
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are commonly used in a variety of consumer and commercial products, typically as a component of disinfectants . (bvsalud.org)
  • These chemicals are know collectively as Quaternary Ammonium Compounds or QACS. (flyinggoatfarm.com)
  • Eye contact with QACs (Quaternary Ammonium Compounds) can cause burning of the eyes. (customenzymes.com)
  • Analysis of trace quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) in vegetables using ultrasonic-assisted extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. (jnu.edu.cn)
  • A major factor that has been largely overlooked in the past but is now gaining more attention is the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) in the atmosphere within healthcare settings. (pctl.com)
Ammonium compounds1
  • Occupational exposure to disinfectants (e.g., glutaraldehyde), cleaning products (e.g., bleach), or sanitizers (e.g., quarternary ammonium compounds [QACs]) can cause acute irritant symptoms, respiratory and skin sensitization, and asthma ( 3--5 ). (cdc.gov)
Clinical Efficacy1
  • As a one stop shop cosmetic testing lab, QACS provides a full spectrum of Quality control testing, from Chemical Analysis to Clinical Efficacy studies. (cosmeticsbusiness.com)
Byproducts1
  • Even worse, these QACs release toxic chemical byproducts that can harm the environment (12) , polluting soil, water, and air in the process. (sani-powder.com)
Aquatic organisms2
  • However, the ecotoxicological effects of QACs upon aquatic organisms have not been fully assessed. (bvsalud.org)
  • QACs are toxic to a lot of aquatic organisms including fish, daphniids, algae, rotifer and microorganisms employed in wastewater treatment systems. (customenzymes.com)
Wastewater3
  • When QACs end up down the drain and eventually in wastewater treatment plants, some - but not all - are removed before the water is discharged into the environment. (papcosupply.com)
  • This project is collecting water and sediment samples downstream of wastewater outfalls to assess the presence and persistence of QACs in Minnesota rivers. (umn.edu)
  • According to a recent 2020 study, QACs have actually been detected in wastewater, surface waters, and sediments. (cleanzen.com)
Respiratory2
  • Additionally, research by the CDC showed that QACs were implicated in over 32% of pesticide-related illnesses or injuries - such as eye, skin, or upper respiratory irritation - in school children (9) . (sani-powder.com)
  • In more serious cases, long-term exposure to QACs has been linked to chronic respiratory effects such as asthma and skin sensitization or allergic dermatitis. (papcosupply.com)
VIVO1
  • QACS microbiological, chemical, in vivo, in vitro and molecular testing services are offered in rapid turnaround time and competitive prices. (cosmeticsbusiness.com)
Cosmetic Testing1
Exposure2
  • This is the first study to demonstrate that chronic exposure to QACs results in measurable concentrations in human blood, and to also demonstrate significant correlations between QAC level and meaningful biomarkers related to health. (medrxiv.org)
  • QACs Can cause allergic skin rashes even with very limited exposure. (customenzymes.com)
Disrupt1
  • Cell based studies show that QACs increase inflammation, disrupt cholesterol synthesis, and decrease mitochondria function. (medrxiv.org)
Disinfect1
  • QACs are widely used to disinfect environmental surfaces or medical equipment designed for skin contact (e.g., blood pressure cuffs). (medscape.com)
Worse1
  • Overzealous disinfection, especially with products containing QACs, threaten to make it worse. (industryintel.com)
Acute1
Irritation1
Mixture2
  • some use the CAS# for QAC mixtures to represent mixtures of QACs, and some use a single CAS#, even though the cleaning product actually contains a mixture of different QACs. (cdc.gov)
  • Once the biofilm is forced to form a suspension within the compound, it is vulnerable to the QACs and biguanide mixture which kills any additional microbes at the surface. (jamescotrading.com)
Chronic1
  • Hypersensitivity and chronic inflammation can develop in people who are frequently exposed to QACs in manufacturing plants, hospitals, or as cleaners. (ecoplanetnews.com)
Regulatory1
  • To meet the ever-increasing industry and regulatory demands, QACS quality management system is EN/ISO17025 accredited, ISO9001 certified and GMP compliant. (cosmeticsbusiness.com)
Alternatives1
  • There are numerous alternatives to QACs - both chemical and non-chemical - that can be used if you would be more comfortable avoiding them altogether. (papcosupply.com)
Chemical2
  • An EPA-published guide stated how QACs pose a threat to the health and development of unborn fetuses and young children, with researchers estimating that 5% of childhood cancer and 30% of childhood asthma are related to chemical exposures (8) . (sani-powder.com)
  • 31.38 /hour -- EPA National Student Services Contract / ORAU -- Collect, curate (e.g., drawing chemical structures), and organize data in databases on QACs including relevant metadata (e.g. (conservationjobboard.com)
Claim1
  • One extremely misleading claim in a publicity statement claims that "Disinfection with QACs, for example, often has no benefit over cleaning with plain soap and water. (industryintel.com)
Studies2
  • As usage has increased, so have studies on the effect of QACs. (papcosupply.com)
  • The evidence that QACs cause asthma comes from case reports and case series where the affected cases had positive specific antigen bronchoprovocation studies and positive skin tests. (cdc.gov)
Product1
  • If the product containing QACs is a spray, it is also recommended to use as much ventilation as possible, and either spray or pour the product onto your cleaning cloth. (papcosupply.com)
Environment1
  • Just think about all the loads of laundry in all the houses in your neighborhood or city or state, that's a lot of these QACS in the environment. (flyinggoatfarm.com)
Household1
  • And antibiotic resistance has emerged in microorganisms due to excessive use of QACs in household and industrial applications. (customenzymes.com)
Difficult1
  • The inconsistent way that CAS#s are assigned to QACs makes it difficult to determine the exact agent responsible when a patient becomes sensitized. (cdc.gov)