Pyramidal tract dysfunction. Medical search. Frequent questions

TMS represents a sensitive indicator of corticospinal tract dysfunction and subclinical improvements in pyramidal function after CDCA therapy. (unimib.it)
An extensor plantar (Babinski) reflex is specific for corticospinal tract dysfunction. (msdmanuals.com)

The neurons involved (upper motor or corticospinal tract neurons) synapse with neurons in the spinal cord (lower motor neurons). (msdmanuals.com)
Upper motor neuron dysfunction disinhibits lower motor neurons, resulting in increased muscle tone (spasticity) and increased muscle stretch reflexes (hyperreflexia). (msdmanuals.com)
Disorders of the spinal cord may affect tracts from upper motor neurons, lower motor neurons (anterior horn cells), or both. (msdmanuals.com)
Expression of Cln8 mRNA in the central nervous system (CNS) was also analyzed in the hippocampal electrical kindling model of epilepsy, in which Cln8 expression was rapidly up-regulated in hippocampal pyramidal and granular neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
Current studies focus on identifying alterations in intrinsic cell membrane properties (i.e., excitability), presynaptic glutamate release and postsynaptic signaling mediated by ionotropic AMPA- and NMDA-type glutamate receptors in medium spiny neurons and pyramidal cells -- the two principal cell-types in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex respectively. (mu.edu)
Additional studies focus on drug-induced adaptations in prefrontal cortex inhibitory signaling mediated by GABA and dopamine and how these modifications alter activation of layer 5/6 pyramidal neurons. (mu.edu)
Marron-Fernandez de Velasco E, Hearing M, Xia Z, Victoria NC, Lujan R, Wickman K (2015) Sex differences in GABAB receptor-dependent signaling in layer 5/6 pyramidal neurons of the mouse prelimbic cortex. (mu.edu)
Hearing M, Kotecki L, Marron Fernandez de Velasco E, Fajardo-Serrano A, Luján R, Wickman K (2013) Repeated cocaine weakens GABAB-Girk signaling in Layer 5/6 pyramidal neurons in the prelimbic cortex. (mu.edu)

With progression cortical sensory deficits, pyramidal tract dysfunction, dysarthria, dysphagia and other symptoms emerge or worsen. (cmdg.org)
Dementia puglistica (ataxia, pyramidal tract dysfunction, tremor, impaired memory, dysarthria, and behavioral changes) is a chronic brain injury that results from multiple concussions. (orthopaedicclinic.com.sg)
The authors agree that detailed clinical examination reveals core features of ataxia (i.e., dysarthria, truncal, gait and limb ataxia, oculomotor dysfunction) and is sufficient for formulating a differential diagnosis. (redenlab.com)

However, subcortical lesions lead to aphasic symptoms that result from cortical dysfunction, through disconnection, diaschisis or hypoperfusion. (bvsalud.org)
A second research interest in my laboratory integrates electrophysiology, rodent models of cognitive flexibility, and a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia to examine changes in prefrontal cortex pyramidal neuron and GABAergic interneuron signaling in hopes of identifying cellular correlates of prefrontal cortical dysfunction responsible for cognitive impairments observed in neuropsychiatric disorders. (mu.edu)
Therefore, temporospatial analysis of the EEG record is a useful indicator of cortical dysfunction in dementia and correlates with the degree of cognitive impairment. (medscape.com)

Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is a relatively common early-onset inherited disorder characterized by the combination of cerebellar ataxia, pyramidal signs, peripheral neuropathy and retinal involvement [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

All authors agree that standard electrophysiological methods should be systematically applied in all cases of ataxia to reveal accompanying peripheral neuropathy, the involvement of the dorsal columns, pyramidal tracts and the brainstem. (redenlab.com)

Cnp −/− mice exhibit early low-grade inflammation of white matter tracts and blood-brain barrier disruption. (nature.com)
As in rats, we observed a large number of GFP+ cells in gray matter and white matter tracts of the striatum and the corpus callosum, with 90-94% of GFP+ cells co-localizing with an oligodendroglial marker. (biomedcentral.com)
Critically, demyelination was observed in the white matter tracts of the corpus callosum and striatum of Olig001-α-syn but not Olig001-GFP injected animals, similar to the human disease. (biomedcentral.com)

TMS revealed corticospinal alterations even in subjects with mild clinical signs of corticospinal tract involvement. (unimib.it)
This report extends the KNCMA1 mutation phenotype with a patient who carries a novel frameshift variant, presenting with both the gain- and loss-of-function phenotypes along with spinal tract involvement as a novel characteristic. (balkanmedicaljournal.org)

Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes and spasticity due to pyramidal tract dysfunction are present early in the course of the disease. (medscape.com)
However, upper motor neuron dysfunction can decrease tone and reflexes if motor paralysis is sudden and severe (eg, in spinal cord transection, in which tone first decreases, then increases gradually over days to weeks) or if the lesion damages the motor cortex of the precentral gyrus and not nearby motor association areas. (msdmanuals.com)
Peripheral polyneuropathies tend to be most noticeable in the longest nerves (ie, weakness is more prominent in the distal limb than the proximal and in legs more than arms) and produce signs of lower motor neuron dysfunction (eg, decreased reflexes and muscle tone). (msdmanuals.com)
The defeat of the conductive pyramidal tract leads to the appearance of central (spastic) paralysis below the level of the lesion, which is characterized by an increase in muscle tone and tendon reflexes. (geturox.best)

It is used in patients with cognitive dysfunction involving either a general decline of overall brain function or a localized or lateralized deficit. (medscape.com)
Encephalopathy encompasses a number of conditions that lead to cognitive dysfunction. (medscape.com)

Clinical dementia is a fairly broad-based decline of brain function, and most definitions center on the patient's intellectual decline and memory dysfunction. (medscape.com)

Definition: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease, which may present clinically in the form of autonomous dysfunction, Parkinsonian syndrome, cerebellar symptoms or pyramidal tract signs. (bz-bx.net)
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that presents clinically with varying combinations of autonomic, parkinsonian, cerebellar, and pyramidal dysfunction [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Characteristically, the impaired vision in IRDs is due to retinal photoreceptor dysfunction and loss resulting from mutation in a gene that codes for a retinal protein. (bvsalud.org)
The human phenotype is characterized by epilepsy, progressive psychomotor deterioration and visual loss, while motor neuron degeneration ( mnd ) mice with a Cln8 mutation show progressive motor neuron dysfunction and retinal degeneration. (biomedcentral.com)

In prenatal embryos Cln8 is most prominently expressed in the developing gastrointestinal tract, dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and brain. (biomedcentral.com)

The main feature of the disease is progressive spasticity in the lower limbs due to pyramidal tract dysfunction. (wikipedia.org)
The purpose of the study was to assess the frequency and clinical relevance of spasticity in the CTX phenotype and to study the usefulness of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in detecting corticospinal tract damage and monitoring the effects of replacement therapy. (unimib.it)

The symptoms are a result of dysfunction of long axons in the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)

In the cerebral isocortex the pyramidal cells of the deeper parts of lamina III are severely ballooned, and hippocampal region CA2 shows neuronal loss and neuronophagy [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Some children are asymptomatic , and others have severe neurologic dysfunction below the lesion. (symptoma.com)

The motor and motivational cortico-subcortical loops and the pyramidal tract are involved in voice and speech disorders in subcortical damage, together with speech apraxia. (bvsalud.org)
motor and sensory disorders, dysfunction of the pelvic organs, radicular pain syndrome. (geturox.best)

The pyramidal finding that is most uniformly present is a bilateral extensor plantar response. (medscape.com)

Here, we report the case of a patient with a novel homozygous truncating mutation in KCNMA1 (p.Arg458Ter) presenting with both the loss- and gain-of-function phenotype with paroxysmal dyskinesia, epilepsy, intellectual delay, and corticospinal-cerebellar tract atrophy. (balkanmedicaljournal.org)

We propose to characterize the pharmacological mechanisms controlling jaw opener (digastric) motoneuron and premotoneuron excitability during RJMs elicited by electrical stimulation of the cortex (or pyramidal tract), and during RJMs elicited by systemic administration of a dopamine agonist, apomorphine (APO). (grantome.com)

Bruxism, the grinding or clenching of teeth in sleep, is another uncontrolled jaw movement behavior that often leads to the myofacial pain-dysfunction syndrome. (grantome.com)

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Other Motor Neuron Diseases (MNDs) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor neuron diseases are characterized by steady, relentless, progressive degeneration of corticospinal tracts, anterior horn cells, bulbar motor nuclei. (msdmanuals.com)

Functional neurological abnormalities related to dysfunction of the pyramidal tract. (nih.gov)
and abnormalities of digestive tract motility, such as gastroparesis and gastroesophageal reflux ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)

This study tested the hypothesis that lesions specifically to the outflow tract of a distributed network can result in upstream dysfunction in structurally intact portions of the network. (wustl.edu)
In the somatomotor system, this upstream dysfunction hypothesis predicted that lesions of the corticospinal tract might be associated with functional disruption within the system. (wustl.edu)

There was no evidence of cerebellar or extrapyramidal dysfunction. (openventio.org)

Replacement treatment with CDCA can prevent the progression of pyramidal damage, especially if started early in the course of the disease. (unimib.it)

The hypothesis of bioenergetic and autophagy dysfunction in ARSACS pathogenesis suggests a potential therapeutic role for agents targeting these pathways. (biomedcentral.com)

subcortical" cerebral dysfunction. (bmj.com)

All patients showed signs of pyramidal damage which were relevant for clinical disability in 18 out of 24 cases (75%), resulting in spastic paraparesis. (unimib.it)
in two others pyramidal signs disappeared. (unimib.it)

Twenty-four CTX patients underwent clinical evaluation including general disability scores, pyramidal and cerebellar function scales, assessment of serum cholestanol and TMS. (unimib.it)

ALS) may have findings of both upper and lower motor neuron dysfunction. (msdmanuals.com)

Corticospinal tract damage was quantified using a template of the tract generated from diffusion tensor imaging in healthy controls. (wustl.edu)
Diffusion tensor metrics of the segmented CST, including FA values, axial eigenvalues, and radial eigenvalues, were evaluated by using tract-specific analysis. (ajnr.org)

Our results demonstrated that dysfunction of cortical functional connectivity can occur after interruption of corticospinal outflow tracts and can contribute to impaired motor performance. (wustl.edu)

Although these problems may be the cause of dysphagia seen in infants with CZS, we suggest that CZS-associated dysphagia might also be caused by anomalies of orofacial anatomy, oral and upper respiratory tract sensitivity, and changes in the motor function of the upper digestive tube caused primarily or secondarily by direct action of the virus. (cdc.gov)

Of the 9 infants, 8 lacked oral and upper respiratory tract sensitivity, leading to delays in initiation of the pharyngeal phase of swallowing. (cdc.gov)

A recent study in neuronal models of sacsin depletion suggests that loss of the protein could selectively impair mitophagy, leading to accumulation of damaged mitochondria and subsequent bioenergetic dysfunction, increased levels of oxidative stress products, and peroxidation of membrane phospholipids [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Supportive/symptomatic treatment of VWS and PPS may include surgical treatment of lip pits and cleft lip and palate pediatric dentistry, orthodontia, speech therapy, feeding therapy, timely treatment of otitis media due to eustachian tube dysfunction to prevent secondary hearing loss, physical therapy, orthopedic care, and surgical treatment for cryptorchidism. (nih.gov)

Diffuse muscle dysfunction (eg, in myopathies) tends to be most noticeable in the largest muscle groups (proximal muscles). (msdmanuals.com)
In animal studies, stress-induced muscle hyperactivity was associated with muscle dysfunction and pain ( 13 ), whereas humans who experience panic attacks more frequently exhibit tooth clenching, bruxism and nail-biting ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

As yet, there is no established electrophysiological measure which is sensitive and specific of cerebellar dysfunction in ataxias. (redenlab.com)
Tract-specific analysis is 1 method of DTI data analysis. (ajnr.org)
The CST is 1 of the targets most frequently evaluated by using tract-specific analysis in various diseases. (ajnr.org)

Fracture of the cribriform plate in traumatic settings can disrupt these fine fibers and lead to olfactory dysfunction. (medscape.com)

erectile dysfunction treatment viagra. (rayart.lt)

This behavioral approach is used in combination with slice electrophysiology and utilizes genetic incorporation of light-sensitive ion channels (optogenetics) and retrograde neuron-tract tracers that allows us to isolate discrete forms of plasticity occurring within select neural circuits. (mu.edu)

Anatomy28

Organisms4

Diseases24

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Psychiatry and Psychology6

Phenomena and Processes15

Information Science1

Health Care1

Corticospinal tract dysfunction2

Neurons8

Dysarthria3

Cortical dysfunction3

Cerebellar ataxia1

Ataxia1

White matter tracts3

Involvement2

Reflexes4

Cognitive2

Dementia1

Parkinsonian2

Retinal2

Dorsal1

Spasticity2

Symptoms1

Hippocampal1

Lesion1

Disorders2

Extensor plantar1

Atrophy1

Cortex1

Syndrome1

Degeneration1

Abnormalities2

Lesions2

Extrapyramidal1

Progression1

Hypothesis1

Cerebral1

Signs2

Clinical1

Findings1

Diffusion2

Functional1

Motor1

Upper1

Loss2

Muscle2

Specific3

Lead1

Treatment1

Sensitive1