Pyramidal neuron. Medical search. Frequent questions

Furthermore, the ability of the PRC neurons to resonate could have a fundamental role in generating subthreshold oscillations and in the selection of cortical inputs directed to the hippocampus. (unipv.it)
Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) injury in neonatal animals leads to selective regional loss of neurons including CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus as well as nonlethal pathologies. (unm.edu)
It appears reasonable to assume that these neural networks include neurons in both unimodal (sensory areas) and multimodal cortices (like the hippocampus or frontal lobe), depending on what the concept is and how the concept is represented (visual stimulus, auditory stimulus, etc. (imascientist.org.uk)
The present study was carried out to elucidate the effect of a single episode, of oxidative stress on pyramidal neurons of the rat hippocampus. (tmu.edu.tw)
A significant increase in the number of neurons that were immunolabeled for the toxic lipid peroxidation product, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) was observed in field CA3 of the hippocampus, at 1 day, 7 days and 14 days after intracerebroventricular injection of 1 μL of 5mM ferrous ammonium citrate, compared to ammonium citrate injected controls at these time points. (tmu.edu.tw)
I GABA was measured on isolated pyramidal neurons of the rat hippocampus, using the patch clamp technique and fast application system. (annaly-nevrologii.com)
Two types of principal neurons, stellate cells and pyramidal-like cells, are found in medial entorhinal-cortex (mEC) layer II, and are believed to represent two distinct channels of information processing and transmission in the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus network. (unipv.it)
The aim of this study is to describe the morphological alterations in the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus of adult hydrocephalic mice. (bvsalud.org)
Morphological analysis was carried out on hematoxylin and eosin stained coronal sections of the hippocampus: the pyramidal neurons (normal and pyknotic) in the CA1 and CA3 subregions were counted and the pyknotic index (PI) was calculated. (bvsalud.org)
The granular layer consists of closely arranged spherical or oval neurons, called GRANULE CELLS, whose AXONS pass through the polymorphic layer ending on the DENDRITES of PYRAMIDAL CELLS in the hippocampus. (bvsalud.org)

Analyses of endogenous Kv2.2 in cortical neurons in situ and recombinant Kv2.2 expressed in heterologous cells reveal that Kv2.2 is largely refractory to stimuli that trigger robust, phosphorylation-dependent changes in Kv2.1 clustering and function. (jneurosci.org)
We find that Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 exhibit distinct responses to acute phosphorylation-dependent regulation in brain neurons in situ and in heterologous cells in vitro . (jneurosci.org)
The two principal neuronal types of the cerebral cortex are the pyramidal and GABAergic cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Pyramidal cells are excitatory and project to distant targets, while GABAergic neurons are mostly inhibitory non-pyramidal interneurons. (ox.ac.uk)
Until recently, cortical pyramidal neurons have been considered a homogeneous class of cells. (ox.ac.uk)
This concept is now changing as the powerful tools of molecular biology and genetics identify molecular tags for subtypes of pyramidal cells such as: Otx-1 [Frantz, G.D., Bohner, A.P., Akers, R.M., McConnell, S.K., 1994. (ox.ac.uk)
These genes outline the numerous subtypes of pyramidal cells and are increasingly refining our previous classifications. (ox.ac.uk)
Of the 107 neurons, 59 (55.1%) were identified as adapting (45) or non-adapting (13) regular spiking neurons (RS), and 48 (44.9%) as intrinsically bursting (IB) neurons discharging with an initial cluster of action potentials, which tended to recur rhythmically in a subset of 19 cells. (unimib.it)
She has used biophysical models of pyramidal neurons to show that dendrites of these cells integrate inputs in a sigmoidal manner, enabling the neurons to act as two-layer neural network devices. (wikipedia.org)
Three-dimensional Quantification of Dendritic Spines from Pyramidal Neurons Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. (hal.science)
Spine morphologies have been extensively studied in glutamatergic pyramidal cells of the brain cortex, using both in vivo approaches and neuronal cultures obtained from rodent tissues. (hal.science)
The present study describes a protocol for the 3D quantitative analysis of spine morphologies using human cortical neurons derived from neural stem cells (late cortical progenitors). (hal.science)
Using long depolarizing stimuli and dynamic clamp to reproduce in vivo-like conditions in slice experiments, we show that CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells switch from integrators to resonators, i.e., from class 1 to class 2 excitability. (ulaval.ca)
Weanalyzed the migratory profile of neurons in the developing mouse hippocampal CA1 region and found that the hippocampal pyramidal neurons generated near the ventricle became postmitotic multipolar cells and accumulated in the multipolar cell accumulation zone (MAZ) in the late stage of development. (elsevierpure.com)
Electron microscopy also showed that the HNE or cPLA2 labeled cells had features of injured neurons, rather than necrotic neurons. (tmu.edu.tw)
In the presence of background hyperpolarization, DAPs showed an opposite behavior in the two cell types, as in stellate cells they became even more prominent, whereas in pyramidal-like cells their amplitude was markedly reduced. (unipv.it)
This Ca2+ dependence was not observed in the residual DAP evoked in pyramidal-like cells from likewise negative Vh levels. (unipv.it)
These results demonstrate that two distinct mechanism of DAP generation operate in mEC layer-II neurons, one Na+ -dependent and active at near-threshold Vh levels in both stellate and-pyramidal-like cells, the other Ca2+ -dependent and only expressed by stellate cells in the presence of background membrane hyperpolarization. (unipv.it)
Previously, we have demonstrated that small networks of cultured hippocampal neurons exhibit persistent activity in response to brief stimuli applied to single cells [ 26 ], reminiscent of reverberatory activity in the hypothetical cell assembly proposed by Donald Hebb as a network basis of "online" working memory [ 27 ]. (springer.com)
The brain is made up of billions of individual nerve cells (neurons). (washington.edu)
Discuss how neurons are similar and different to cells in other parts of the body (for example, muscle cells). (washington.edu)
Immunohistochemical testing demonstrated several anti-TBEV immunoreactive neurons and processes, mainly in Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex ( Figure , Panel B), and to a lesser extent in pyramidal neurons of the temporal cortex. (cdc.gov)
CRT aims to replace neurons that have degenerated in PD, with donor cells that have the potential to functionally re-integrate into the host circuitry. (lu.se)
This involves transplantation of developing midbrain cells from aborted fetuses, (the part that form mesDA neurons), into the striatum of a PD patient. (lu.se)
A potentially pre-clinical aspect of this thesis is detailed in paper №4 where I describe a robust protocol for the generation of functional mesDA neurons from human embryonic stem cells that are functional in a rat model of PD. (lu.se)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Other Motor Neuron Diseases (MNDs) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor neuron diseases are characterized by steady, relentless, progressive degeneration of corticospinal tracts, anterior horn cells, bulbar motor nuclei. (msdmanuals.com)
Disorders of the spinal cord may affect tracts from upper motor neurons, lower motor neurons (anterior horn cells), or both. (msdmanuals.com)

In addition, the inhibitory synaptic potentials elicited by stimulation of layer I were more powerful in this group of neurons. (nih.gov)
Saudargiene A & Graham B (2015) Inhibitory control of site-specific synaptic plasticity in a model CA1 pyramidal neuron. (stir.ac.uk)
These results suggest that in addition to its well-described depressant effect on NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission, ethanol has an even greater inhibitory effect on glutamatergic synaptic transmission mediated by KA receptors in rat hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons. (aspetjournals.org)
Results provide direct electrophysiological evidence for the inhibitory effects of resveratrol on pyramidal neurons, at least in part, by reducing the evoked neural activity. (celljournal.org)
Susceptible neuronal populations also include inhibitory neurons in the thalamic Reticular Nucleus. (cdc.gov)
We here demonstrate for the first time that GDNF enhances GABAergic inhibitory drive onto mouse pyramidal neurons by modulating postsynaptic GABAA receptors, particularly in perisomatic inhibitory synapses, by GFRα1 mediated activation of the Ret receptor pathway. (lu.se)

We are excited to share the MICrONS Explorer, a visualization tool featuring 364 excitatory cortical neurons. (eyewire.org)
Cortical neurons require Otx1 for the refinement of exuberant axonal projections to subcortical targets. (ox.ac.uk)

To compare the relative strength of CA3 pyramidal cell output in relation to their MF glutamatergic or GABAergic inputs in postnatal development, a realistic model was constructed taking into account the different biophysical properties of these synapses. (yale.edu)
GABAergic protection of hippocampal pyramidal neurons against glutamate insult: deficit in young animals compared to adults. (unm.edu)
These findings suggest that neurodegenerative secondary Ca2+ events may be important determinants of susceptibility to HI injury in the developing CNS and that immature CA1 neurons may be more susceptible to excitotoxic injury due at least in part to insufficient development of GABAergic inputs to their dendrites. (unm.edu)
To further test this hypothesis, we used a well characterized rat model for depression and examined the effect of stress on GABAergic neuron numbers and GABA-mediated synaptic transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of rats. (bvsalud.org)
Post mortem quantitative histopathology was used to examine the effect of stress on parvalbumin (PV)-, calretinin- (CR), calbindin- (CB), cholecystokinin- (CCK), somatostatin-(SST) and neuropeptide Y-positive (NPY+) GABAergic neuron numbers in all cortical subareas of the mPFC (anterior cingulate (Cg1), prelimbic (PrL) and infralimbic (IL) cortexes). (bvsalud.org)
In vitro, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from layer II-III pyramidal neurons of the ventral mPFC was used to examine GABAergic neurotransmission. (bvsalud.org)

Fez1 is required for the birth and specification of corticospinal motor neurons. (ox.ac.uk)
It is characterized by pyramidal cell loss in the frontal and temporal lobes and degeneration of motor neurons in the hypoglossal nucleus and spinal motor neurons. (medscape.com)
Data now suggest that delocalization, accumulation, and ubiquitination of TDP-43 in the cytoplasm of motor neurons are early dysfunctions in the cascade of the events leading to motor neuron degeneration in ALS. (medscape.com)
Motor neurons (MNs) die in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a clinically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology. (frontiersin.org)
Kwong 2002) Recovery affects only sensory nerves, while motor neurons may permanently lose function. (cdc.gov)
The neurons involved (upper motor or corticospinal tract neurons) synapse with neurons in the spinal cord (lower motor neurons). (msdmanuals.com)
Lower motor neurons transmit impulses to the neuromuscular junction to initiate muscle contraction. (msdmanuals.com)
Upper motor neuron dysfunction disinhibits lower motor neurons, resulting in increased muscle tone (spasticity) and increased muscle stretch reflexes (hyperreflexia). (msdmanuals.com)

The Kv2 family of voltage-gated potassium channel α subunits, comprising Kv2.1 and Kv2.2, mediate the bulk of the neuronal delayed rectifier K + current in many mammalian central neurons. (jneurosci.org)
One of the several types of ionic currents present in central neurons is the low-threshold, or T-type calcium current (LTCC). (nih.gov)
However, the effects of SOCE on neuronal membrane excitability and mitochondrial functions in central neurons are not well defined. (tau.ac.il)
This mechanism might have significant impact on information processing and neurometabolic coupling in central neurons. (tau.ac.il)

Immunocytochemistry and voltage-clamp recordings from outside-out macropatches reveal distinct cellular expression patterns for Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 in intratelencephalic and pyramidal tract neurons of L5, indicating circuit-specific requirements for these Kv2 paralogs. (jneurosci.org)

Benveniste M., Mayer M.L. Trapping of glutamate and glycine during open channel block of rat hippocampal neuron NMDA receptors by 9-aminoacridine. (annaly-nevrologii.com)

Action potential waveforms and miniature excitatory synaptic currents recorded in CA1 pyramidal neurons were unaffected by ant?134. (cureepilepsy.org)
A computational model of a biochemical network underlying synaptic plasticity is combined with simulated on-going electrical activity in a model of a hippocampal pyramidal neuron to study the impact of synapse location and inhibition on synaptic plasticity. (stir.ac.uk)
When hippocampal pyramidal neurons are grown in culture they develop excitatory synaptic contacts. (northwestern.edu)
At the end of behavioral testing, electrophysiological (neural cellular excitability and Excitatory Post-Synaptic Currents) and morphological (spinogenesis) correlates were evaluated in the PrL pyramidal neurons. (edu.sa)

Systemic L-DOPA in chronic neuropathic mice rescues HCN channel activity, normalizes pyramidal excitability in ACC, and blocks mechanical and thermal allodynia. (iasp-pain.org)
We demonstrate that mice with a selective knockdown of α5GABAARs in CA1 pyramidal neurons (α5CA1KO mice) show improved spatial and trace fear-conditioning memory. (uzh.ch)
Unexpectedly, α5CA1KO mice were comparable to controls in contextual fear-conditioning but showed an impairment in context discrimination, suggesting fine-tuning of activity in CA1 pyramidal cell dendrites through α5-mediated inhibition might be necessary for distinguishing highly similar contexts. (uzh.ch)
To this aim, transgenic mice were (or not) fear-conditioned and during the extinction phase they received optogenetic (or sham) stimulations over photo-activable PrL pyramidal neurons. (edu.sa)
Our results show that the optogenetic activation of PrL pyramidal neurons in fear-conditioned mice induces fear extinction deficits, reflected in an increase of cellular excitability, excitatory neurotransmission, and spinogenesis of PrL pyramidal neurons, and associated to strong modifications of the transcriptome of amygdala pyramidal neurons. (edu.sa)
Cre/ROCK2 fl/fl mice display increased basal spine density among dorsal CA1 pyramidal neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
b Representative maximum intensity projections of deconvolved confocal z-stacks of Lucifer yellow-filled dendrites of dCA1 pyramidal neurons are shown for ROCK2 fl/fl and Cre/ROCK2 fl/fl mice (left). (biomedcentral.com)
Expression profile analysis of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in aged Ts65Dn mice, a model of Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). (bvsalud.org)
The somatic and dendritic features of Golgi stained pyramidal neurons were examined by light microscopy in both hydrocephalic and control mice. (bvsalud.org)
I also describe the development of a novel behavioural task that is predictive of mesDA neuron cell loss in mice. (lu.se)

Here we provide a protocol for integrating in vivo recording with optogenetic manipulation of genetically-defined subsets of prefrontal cortical and subicular pyramidal neurons. (jove.com)
Her gir vi en protokoll for å integrere in vivo-opptak med optogenetic manipulasjon av genetisk definerte undergrupper av prefrontal hjernebark og subicular pyramidale nevroner. (jove.com)
Optogenetic activation and inactivation of STN-projecting neurons reduced and increased inappropriate licking, respectively, partly through their direct innervation of the STN, but manipulating LH-projecting neurons had the opposite effects. (berkeley.edu)
Here, we investigated the effects of optogenetic manipulations of prelimbic (PrL) pyramidal neurons and amygdala gene expression to analyze the specific transcriptional pathways associated to adaptive and maladaptive fear extinction. (edu.sa)

The simulated pyramidal neuron is activated by the realistic stimulation protocol of causal and anticausal spike pairings of presynaptic and postsynaptic action potentials in the presence and absence of spatially targeted inhibition provided by basket, bistratified and oriens-lacunosum moleculare (OLM) interneurons. (stir.ac.uk)
Otherwise, application of TTx (voltage-dependent Na+ channel blocker) attenuates the resonance in pyramidal neurons but not in interneurons, suggesting that only in pyramidal neurons the persistent sodium current has an amplifying effect. (unipv.it)

This is subsequently replaced by spasticity, hypertonicity, hyperreflexia, clonus, and abnormal reflexes, indicative of damage to the pyramidal tracts and a permanent upper motor neuron syndrome. (cdc.gov)
However, upper motor neuron dysfunction can decrease tone and reflexes if motor paralysis is sudden and severe (eg, in spinal cord transection, in which tone first decreases, then increases gradually over days to weeks) or if the lesion damages the motor cortex of the precentral gyrus and not nearby motor association areas. (msdmanuals.com)

Interestingly, despite the HNE and cPLA2 labeling, no loss of neurons was observed in adjacent Nissl and Fluoro-Jade stained sections. (tmu.edu.tw)

All pyramidal neurons that fired LTS or had the LTCC were characterized as regular spiking and had some important morphological and physiological differences from the rest of the pyramidal neurons studied. (nih.gov)
This research provides new evidence for the presence of the LTCC in subsets of cortical pyramidal neurons, which have specific and well defined morphological and physiological properties. (nih.gov)
In in vitro slices prepared from rat sensorimotor cortex, intracellular recordings were obtained from 107 layer V pyramidal neurons, subsequently injected with biocytin for morphological reconstruction. (unimib.it)

Within cerebral circuits the resonance of a neuron operates as a filter toward inputs signals at certain frequencies to coordinate network activity in the brain by affecting the rate of neuronal firing and the precision of spike timing. (unipv.it)
Neuronal subtype-specific genes that control corticospinal motor neuron development in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
As increased neuronal excitability correlates with structural changes in dendritic arbors and spines, we have examined longitudinal changes in dendritic structure in vulnerable neuron populations in a mouse model of familial ALS. (frontiersin.org)
With whole-cell recording from single neurons, we found that ACh inhibited excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) while elevating neuronal firing in a dose-dependent manner. (springer.com)

Within the forebrain, CaMKIIα expression is exclusive to glutamatergic pyramidal neurons 9 . (jove.com)

Her early research generated predictive models of how active dendrites and structural plasticity enhance storage capacity in single neurons. (wikipedia.org)

Aging and HIV-1 alter the function of specific K+ channels in prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons. (rush.edu)

Poirazi is known for her work in neurobiology where she focuses on dendrites, the portion of a neuron that propagates signals. (wikipedia.org)
Memory capacity of neurons with active dendrites (Thesis). (wikipedia.org)
In neonates, transient exposure to glutamate produced large Ca2+ increases throughout neurons, including distal dendrites (primary Ca2+ responses). (unm.edu)
In neurons from adults, identical glutamate exposure evoked primary Ca2+ responses only in somata and proximal apical dendrites. (unm.edu)
Repeated glutamate exposures in the adult neurons also led to secondary Ca2+ responses, but they arose in the peri-somatic region and then spread outward to distal apical dendrites, again without recovery. (unm.edu)
A neuron has 4 basic parts: the dendrites, the cell body (also called the "soma"), the axon and the axon terminal. (washington.edu)
Dendrites - Extensions from the neuron cell body that take information to the cell body. (washington.edu)
Print out these pages (click on the "print" button of your browser, and place your neuron in the box below, then label and draw arrows to the dendrites, soma, axon and axon terminal or your neuron. (washington.edu)
A neuron has 4 major parts: the dendrites, the cell body, the axon and the axon terminal. (washington.edu)

We describe herein the hardware, custom software user interface, and procedures that allow for simultaneous light delivery and electrical recording from transduced pyramidal neurons in an anesthetized in vivo preparation. (jove.com)
Selective neurofilament (SMI-32, FNP-7 and N200) expression in subpopulations of layer V pyramidal neurons in vivo and in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
Pyramidal neurons switch from integrators in vitro to resonators under in vivo-like conditions. (ulaval.ca)
In vivo evidence for a lactate gradient from astrocytes to neurons. (nature.com)

In the present experiments, we used the highly selective AMPA receptor antagonist LY 303070 to pharmacologically isolate KA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in rat hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons and tested their sensitivity to ethanol. (aspetjournals.org)

We show that dopamine, through D1 receptor (D1R) signaling, inhibits pyramidal neurons of mouse ACC by modulation of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels. (iasp-pain.org)
These neurons project axons to the striatum where they release dopamine, a neurotransmitter that controls voluntary movement. (lu.se)
Parkinson's Disease is a neurodegenerative disorder where the dopamine producing neurons in the ventral mesencephalon (VM) progressively die and result in symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, slowness and difficulties in initiating movements. (lu.se)

Decreased dopaminergic inhibition of pyramidal neurons in anterior cingulate cortex maintains chronic neuropathic pain. (iasp-pain.org)

Because ChR2 and NpHR are genetically targetable, we describe the use of this technology to control the electrical activity of specific populations of neurons ( i.e. , pyramidal neurons) embedded in heterogeneous tissue with high temporal precision. (jove.com)
Experimental control over intact neural activity has employed loss-/gain-of-function tools ( e.g. , electrical stimulation, pharmacological modulation, lesion) that do not provide the required selectively for controlling specific populations of neurons, either on a temporal or spatial scale. (jove.com)
Signs and symptoms reflect frontal and temporal lobe dysfunction with lower motor neuron-type weakness, muscle atrophy, and fasciculations. (medscape.com)
Neurons can fire in rhythmic patterns that have additive effects downstream because of the principle of temporal summation. (gnxp.com)
These are 3-repeat tau-immunopositive bodies predominantly located in granular neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, and layer II of frontal and temporal cortices. (medscape.com)

We used single neuron recordings and controlled whisker deflections to examine responses of thalamocortical neurons to sensory stimulation in rat survivors of 9 min of asphyxial cardiac arrest incurred on post-natal day 17. (cdc.gov)

Kv2.1 expression is consistently high throughout all cortical layers, especially in layer (L) 5b pyramidal neurons, whereas Kv2.2 expression is primarily limited to neurons in L2 and L5a. (jneurosci.org)
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neurons within the neocortex are arranged in a laminar architecture and contribute to the input, processing, and/or output of sensory and motor signals in a cell- and layer-specific manner. (jneurosci.org)
Here we show that a subset of dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC) layer 5 pyramidal neurons, which project to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of the basal ganglia, play a key role in inhibiting impulsive responses in a go/no-go task. (berkeley.edu)
Towards the classification of subpopulations of layer V pyramidal projection neurons. (ox.ac.uk)
ER81 is expressed in a subpopulation of layer 5 projection neurons in rodent cerebral cortices. (ox.ac.uk)
Fez1 regulates the differentiation and axon targeting of layer 5 subcortical projection neurons in cerebral cortex. (ox.ac.uk)
This review will describe the progress made on the correlation of these markers to each other within a specific subtype of layer V neurons with identified, stereotypic projections. (ox.ac.uk)
The hippocampal neurons passed through the pyramidal layer by a unique mode of migration. (elsevierpure.com)

This group of neurons had shorter and less complex apical dendritic arbors, fired action potentials of lower amplitude and longer duration, and were the only type of pyramidal neurons able to generate bursts of action potentials. (nih.gov)
In addition, the mean instantaneous firing frequency between the first two action potentials was significantly lower in resveratrol-treated neurons. (celljournal.org)

We have studied the distribution and properties of pyramidal neurons recorded from the guinea-pig medial frontal cortex that have this calcium current. (nih.gov)

Kv2.1 exhibits robust expression across many neuron types and is unique in its conditional role in modulating intrinsic excitability through changes in its phosphorylation state, which affect Kv2.1 expression, localization, and function. (jneurosci.org)
Suppressive Effects of Resveratrol Treatment on The Intrinsic Evoked Excitability of CA1 Pyramidal Neurons', Cell Journal (Yakhteh) , 17(3), pp. 532-539. (celljournal.org)
For instance, pyramidal neurons have been identified as integrators (i.e., class 1 neurons according to Hodgkin's classification of intrinsic excitability) based on in vitro experiments but that classification is inconsistent with the ability of hippocampal pyramidal neurons to oscillate/resonate at theta frequency since intrinsic oscillatory behavior is limited to class 2 neurons. (ulaval.ca)

Abele, AE & Miller, RJ 1990, ' Potassium channel activators abolish excitotoxicity in cultured hippocampal pyramidal neurons ', Neuroscience Letters , vol. 115, no. 2-3, pp. 195-200. (northwestern.edu)

MicrocircuitDB: CA3 pyramidal neuron (Safiulina et al. (yale.edu)

Pyramidal neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a prefrontal region involved in processing the affective components of pain, display hyperexcitability in chronic neuropathic pain conditions, and their silencing abolishes hyperalgesia. (iasp-pain.org)
visual cortex (V1)-projecting neurons showed only weak task-related activity. (berkeley.edu)
Pyramidal neurons in the premotor cortex usually are preserved. (medscape.com)
Below the cortex are axons, which are long fibers that emanate from and connect neurons. (medscape.com)

Pyramidal neurons were recorded in an in vitro slice preparation using either current clamp or single-electrode voltage-clamp recording. (nih.gov)

Neurons of different cortical layers express diverse populations of ion channels and possess distinct intrinsic membrane properties. (jneurosci.org)
This experimental study was performed to examine the acute effects of resveratrol (100 µM) on the intrinsic evoked responses of rat Cornu Ammonis (CA1) pyramidal neurons in brain slices, using whole cell patch clamp re- cording under current clamp conditions. (celljournal.org)
It is concluded that the persistent Na+ current INAP is the most important intrinsic factor for the typical firing properties of IB neurons, while Ca2+ and K+ conductances appear to contribute towards shaping bursts and controlling their recurrence rate. (unimib.it)

At a higher cognitive level, the evidence we have so far seem to show that each concept is coded in a small number of neurons (small compared to the 80 billion neurons of the brain! (imascientist.org.uk)

We examined glutamate-evoked Ca2+ responses in neonatal (PN 7-13) and young adult (PN 21-27) CA1 pyramidal neurons in acute slices from rats. (unm.edu)
by comparison, pyramidal neurons in acute slices typically experience little background input. (ulaval.ca)

Ethanol significantly inhibited NMDA EPSCs in these neurons, but these responses were less sensitive to ethanol than KA EPSCs. (aspetjournals.org)
Findings showed that resveratrol treatment caused dramatic changes in evoked responses of pyramidal neurons. (celljournal.org)
More stimuli were required to initiate secondary responses in neurons from adult versus neonates. (unm.edu)
Despite the overall increase in firing, by 6 weeks, thalamocortical neurons display degraded receptive fields, with decreased responses to adjacent whiskers. (cdc.gov)

Furthermore, transcriptomic cell-specific RNA-analyses (differential gene expression profiling and functional enrichment analyses) were performed in amygdala pyramidal neurons. (edu.sa)

We investigated such cellular downstream effects in pyramidal neurons of rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures by applying electrophysiological and fluorescence imaging techniques. (tau.ac.il)

The morphology, connectivity and physiological properties of adapting and non-adapting RS neurons are particularly suited to the processing of respectively phasic and tonic inputs, whereas the properties of IB neurons are consistent with their suggested role in cortical rhythmogenesis and in the pathophysiological synchronized activities underlying epileptogenesis. (unimib.it)
There is a time window in which an input can cast its vote and still be counted based on how long it takes the receiver neuron to respond to inputs and how long it takes to return to a clean slate after responding. (gnxp.com)

Patients with motor neuron disease (MND) are generally free of cognitive impairment, but evidence is growing to support an association between MND and frontal lobe or frontotemporal dementia (FTD). (medscape.com)

In IB neurons Ca2+ spikes had a longer decay time than in RS neurons, however selective blockers of both low and high threshold Ca2+ conductances failed to impair bursting activity. (unimib.it)
The cause of these motor symptoms is the selective loss of mesencephalic dopaminergic (mesDA) neurons, located in the substantia nigra (SN). (lu.se)

Previously, it was thought that transplanted neurons could not extend axons over long distances rendering transplantation into the SN a non-viable approach. (lu.se)
In paper №2, I describe how mesDA neurons transplanted in the adult SN of a PD mouse model, extended axons across millimetres into the striatum, functionally reforming the nigrostriatal pathway. (lu.se)

Model files from the paper: M. Migliore, E. Cook, D.B. Jaffe, D.A. Turner and D. Johnston, Computer simulations of morphologically reconstructed CA3 hippocampal neurons, J. Neurophysiol. (yale.edu)
1 . Migliore M, Cook EP, Jaffe DB, Turner DA, Johnston D (1995) Computer simulations of morphologically reconstructed CA3 hippocampal neurons. (yale.edu)

Neurons have components that react to any change in membrane potential and push back toward baseline. (gnxp.com)
The H-conductance is an ion channel in the membrane that allows positive ions to flow into the neuron (as long as the membrane potential is more negative than -30ish mV). (gnxp.com)

Here, we show that the Kv2 family members Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 are expressed in distinct cortical layers and pyramidal cell types associated with specific corticostriatal pathways. (jneurosci.org)
The reduction of HNE immunoreactivity in neurons at 14 days after oxidative injury, and the absence of cell loss at any of the time intervals, shows that hippocampal pyramidal neurons have remarkable ability to recover from a single episode of oxidative stress, if repeated injury such as seizures/excitotoxicity could be avoided. (tmu.edu.tw)
There is a lot of K+ inside a neuron, so it wants to flow out of the cell and drive the potential down. (gnxp.com)
Axon - the extension from the neuron cell body that takes information away from the cell body. (washington.edu)

La capa granular la constituyen neuronas esféricas u ovales apelotonadas, denominadas CÉLULAS GRANULOSAS, cuyos AXONES atraviesan la capa multiforme para terminar sobre las DENDRITAS de las CÉLULAS PIRAMIDALES en el hipocampo. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy69

Organisms14

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs102

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Psychiatry and Psychology5

Phenomena and Processes36

Disciplines and Occupations4

Information Science1

Health Care2

Hippocampus10

Cells27

Inhibitory6

Cortical neurons2

GABAergic6

Motor neurons8

Central neurons4

Tract neurons1

Receptors1

Synaptic4

Mice10

Optogenetic4

Interneurons2

Upper motor2

Loss of neurons1

Morphological3

Neuronal4

Glutamatergic1

Single neurons1

Prefrontal cortex1

Dendrites9

Vivo4

Postsynaptic1

Dopamine3

Inhibition1

Temporal5

Stimulation1

Layer8

Action potentials2

Medial1

Excitability3

Neuroscience1

MicrocircuitDB1

Cortex4

Vitro1

Intrinsic3

Brain1

Slices2

Responses4

Amygdala1

Electrophysiological1

Inputs2

Frontal1

Selective2

Axons2

Migliore2

Membrane potential2

Cell4

Granular1