Pyramidal cells and interneurons. Medical search. Frequent questions

TASK 3 is coexpressed with TASK 1 (KCNK3) in the cerebellar granule cells, locus coeruleus, motor neurons, pontine nuclei, some cells in the neocortex, habenula, olfactory bulb granule cells, and cells in the external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb. (wikipedia.org)
To visualize the glutamatergic neurons, we used MS-DBB slices from transgenic mice in which the green fluorescent protein is expressed specifically by vesicular glutamate transporter 2-positive neurons and characterized their properties using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. (jneurosci.org)
However, key questions remain as to whether the glutamatergic neurons can be distinguished from other MS-DBB neurons electrophysiologically, which hippocampal cell types they target, and the functional consequence of this projection. (jneurosci.org)
Cortical circuit activity is shaped by the parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) interneurons that inhibit principal excitatory (EXC) neurons and the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) interneurons that suppress activation of other interneurons. (jneurosci.org)
There are two main types of neurons in the cerebral cortex: excitatory pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons. (kcl.ac.uk)
Inhibitory interneurons pace and synchronise the activity of excitatory neurons, thereby orchestrating their behaviour. (kcl.ac.uk)
Pyramidal cells, multipolar neurons, interneurons. (yale.edu)
Cell assemblies and central pattern generators (CPGs) are related types of neuronal networks: both consist of interacting groups of neurons whose collective activities lead to defined functional outputs. (degruyter.com)
It is likely that constituent neurons in a cell assembly can be spread over large territories, intermixed with many other neurons ( Wallace and Kerr, 2010 ). (degruyter.com)
We found," note the authors, "that the common-variant genomic results consistently mapped to pyramidal cells, medium spiny neurons (MSNs), and certain interneurons, but far less consistently to embryonic, progenitor, or glial cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Pyramidal neurons are central to this brain circuit. (scitechdaily.com)
A third drug wakes up the interneurons to inhibit pyramidal neurons. (scitechdaily.com)
They visualized how nicotine has a direct impact on the restoration of normal activity in nerve cells (neurons) involved in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. (pasteur.fr)
They were able to identify the precise cell type whose activity was affected by the genetic mutation: interneurons (small neurons that create connections between neuronal networks). (pasteur.fr)
Each parvalbumin interneuron controls the activity of multiple pyramidal excitatory neurons, thereby regulating neuronal circuits and memory consolidation. (jci.org)
Preventing the loss of parvalbumin neurons by deleting a proapoptotic protein, mitochondrial anchored protein ligase (MAPL), selectively in parvalbumin neurons rescued anesthesia-induced deficits in pyramidal cell inhibition and hippocampus-dependent long-term memory. (jci.org)
The minicolumnar core comprises radially oriented arrays of pyramidal projection neurons (pyramidal cell arrays). (autismone.org)
His research has focused on the cell minicolumn, a vertical conglomerate of 80 to 100 neurons having a common latency of response to stimulation. (autismone.org)
These forms of plasticity are due to increases in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, and can be engaged when dentate GCs fire in bursts (e.g., during exploratory behaviors) and bring CA3 pyramidal neurons above threshold. (eneuro.org)
Researcher Ronald Duman further dissected these effects, showing that ketamine and its active metabolite norketamine reduce the steady firing rate of GABA interneurons by blocking NMDA receptors, while the partial agonist rapastinel acts on the glutamate neurons directly, and both increase the effects of a type of glutamate receptors known as AMPA. (bipolarnews.org)
These effects were demonstrated using a virus to selectively knock out GluN2B glutamate receptor subunits in either GABA interneurons or glutamate neurons. (bipolarnews.org)
These data suggest that stimulation of glutamate D1 pyramidal neurons from the medial prefrontal cortex to the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala is both necessary and sufficient to produce the antidepressant effects seen with ketamine treatment. (bipolarnews.org)
CRT aims to replace neurons that have degenerated in PD, with donor cells that have the potential to functionally re-integrate into the host circuitry. (lu.se)
This involves transplantation of developing midbrain cells from aborted fetuses, (the part that form mesDA neurons), into the striatum of a PD patient. (lu.se)
A potentially pre-clinical aspect of this thesis is detailed in paper №4 where I describe a robust protocol for the generation of functional mesDA neurons from human embryonic stem cells that are functional in a rat model of PD. (lu.se)

Although GABAergic interneurons are the main source of synaptic inhibition in the cortex, activation of GABA(A) receptors has been shown to depolarize specific neuronal compartments, resulting in excitation. (duke.edu)
A subpopulation of GABAergic cells in cortical structures expresses CB1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1 ) on their axon terminals. (nih.gov)
Therefore, the proportion of GABAergic terminals expressing CB1 and the morphological and electrophysiological properties of CB1 -immunoreactive interneurons should be revealed. (nih.gov)
Our data suggest that CB1 -expressing interneurons with different axonal projections have comparable physiological characteristics, contributing to a similar proportion of GABAergic inputs along the somato-dendritic axis of CA3 pyramidal cells. (nih.gov)
To determine whether these inputs differ in their weights of activating GABAergic circuits, we have studied the relative proportion of pyramidal cells and interneurons among their postsynaptic targets in serial electron microscopic sections. (ox.ac.uk)
radiatum showed a higher preference for innervating GABAergic cells (21.3%), particularly in str. (ox.ac.uk)
These data demonstrate that different glutamatergic pathways innervate CA1 GABAergic cells to different extents. (ox.ac.uk)
The results suggest that the numerically smaller CA1 local axonal inputs together with the alvear part of the entorhinal input preferentially act on GABAergic interneurons in contrast to the CA3, or the entorhinal input in str. (ox.ac.uk)
To test this, I used electrophysiological assessments of tonic NMDA receptor-mediated currents in cortical pyramidal cells and GABAergic interneurons (INs). (tufts.edu)
B ) Confocal images (top three panels) and binary images (bottom panel) illustrating presynaptic GABAergic boutons co-labeled with GAD65 (magenta) and CB1R (cyan) contacting the soma of tdTomato+ pyramidal cells (gray) in controls, Nrg1 and Nrg3 conditional mutant mice. (elifesciences.org)
There is also increasing evidence that the most plausible mechanism for the generation of gamma oscillations is a neuronal network containing a mixture of interconnected pyramidal cells and GABAergic inhibitory interneurons. (jeejeebhoy.ca)

Circuit activity in the cortex and hippocampus is shaped by distinct contributions from specific interneuron subpopulations ( Isaacson and Scanziani, 2011 ). (jneurosci.org)
Here, we show that repeated general anesthesia in postnatal mice induces preferential apoptosis and subsequent loss of parvalbumin-positive inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampus. (jci.org)
Recent observation of reduced amplitude in the theta-frequency oscillation of total synaptic current in the hippocampus of AD mice models that overexpress the amyloid-ß peptide has not been explained in terms of cell and network level changes. (umich.edu)
In the hippocampus, the excitatory synapse between dentate granule cell (GC) axons, or mossy fibers (MFs), and CA3 pyramidal cells (MF-CA3) expresses robust forms of short-term plasticity, such as frequency facilitation and post-tetanic potentiation (PTP). (eneuro.org)
This phenotype indicates a defect in the synaptic network between pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampus. (uni-goettingen.de)

Code includes morphological models for seven types of pyramidal cells and eight types of interneurons, NEURON code to simulate ICMS, and an artificial reconstruction of a 3D slab of cortex implemented in MATLAB. (yale.edu)
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding the basis of functional specialization of neuron subtypes and identifying drug targets for manipulating circuit function requires comprehensive information on cell-type-specific transcriptional profiles. (jneurosci.org)
Another cell, an interneuron, regulates the pyramidal neuron activity, making sure it does not fire too much. (scitechdaily.com)
A second drug dampens excess pyramidal neuron activity. (scitechdaily.com)
Reference: "Oligophrenin-1 moderates behavioral responses to stress by regulating parvalbumin interneuron activity in the medial prefrontal cortex" by Minghui Wang, Nicholas B. Gallo, Yilin Tai, Bo Li and Linda Van Aelst, 7 April 2021, Neuron . (scitechdaily.com)
I also describe the development of a novel behavioural task that is predictive of mesDA neuron cell loss in mice. (lu.se)

We identified a signalling pathway that controls protein synthesis in one of the most fundamental connections in the cerebral cortex, the synapses made by pyramidal cells on parvalbumin interneurons. (kcl.ac.uk)
Two synapses were analyzed in conditional neuregulin mutants: inhibitory synapses formed by CCK+ basket cells onto the soma of pyramidal cells (GAD65, CB1R) and excitatory synapses made by pyramidal cells onto PV+ interneurons (VGlut1, PSD95). (elifesciences.org)

Specific synaptic deficits in cortical pyramidal cells lacking Nrg1 or Nrg3. (elifesciences.org)
Postnatal deletion of Nrg1 or Nrg3 from cortical pyramidal cells does not affect the density and distribution of PV+ interneurons, related to Figure 1 . (elifesciences.org)

However, inhibition of PV + cells in either CA1 or mPFC eliminated this learning-induced increase in ripple-spindle coupling without affecting ripple or spindle incidence. (elifesciences.org)
Consistent with the hypothesized importance of ripple-spindle coupling in memory consolidation, post-training inhibition of PV + cells disrupted contextual fear memory consolidation. (elifesciences.org)
In this study, we investigated the effects of conditional Syngap1 disruption in medial ganglionic eminence (MGE)-derived interneurons on hippocampal interneuron firing properties and excitatory synaptic inputs, as well as on pyramidal cell synaptic inhibition and synaptic integration. (bvsalud.org)
These changes are associated with impaired pyramidal cell synaptic inhibition and enhanced summation of excitatory responses. (bvsalud.org)
Together, these results suggest that Syngap1 plays a role in cell-specific regulation of hippocampal interneuron function and inhibition of pyramidal cells in mice. (bvsalud.org)

Thus, loss of parvalbumin interneurons in postnatal mice following repeated general anesthesia critically contributes to memory deficits in adulthood. (jci.org)

Gap junction coupled network of striatal fast spiking interneurons (Hjorth et al. (yale.edu)
We show that conditional Syngap1 disruption in MGE-derived interneurons results in cell-specific impairment of firing properties of hippocampal Nkx2.1 fast-spiking interneurons, with enhancement of their AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-mediated excitatory synaptic inputs but compromised short-term plasticity. (bvsalud.org)

Extrinsic and local glutamatergic inputs of the rat hippocampal CA1 area differentially innervate pyramidal cells and interneurons. (ox.ac.uk)
At the core and periphery of the minicolumn combinations of Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) interneurons provide for a diversity of signaling properties that serve to dynamically modulate pyramidal cell inputs and outputs that perform area and task-specific information processing needs. (autismone.org)

The two main glutamatergic pathways to the CA1 area, the Schaffer collateral/commissural input and the entorhinal fibers, as well as the local axons of CA1 pyramidal cells innervate both pyramidal cells and interneurons. (ox.ac.uk)
For assessing the function of the glutamatergic projection, we used an in vitro septohippocampal preparation, electrically stimulated the fornix or chemically activated the MS-DBB using NMDA microinfusions and recorded postsynaptic responses in CA3 pyramidal cells. (jneurosci.org)
Activation of the MS-DBB led to fast, AMPA receptor-mediated glutamatergic responses in CA3 pyramidal cells. (jneurosci.org)
The genetic risk associated with MSNs," the authors go on to say, "did not overlap with that of glutamatergic pyramidal cells and interneurons, suggesting that different cell types have biologically distinct roles in schizophrenia. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Duman and colleagues further showed that when light is used to modulate pyramidal cells (a process called optogenetic stimulation) in the medial prefrontal cortex, different effects could be produced. (bipolarnews.org)

To identify the inhibitory cell types expressing CB1 in this region, we recorded and intracellularly labeled interneurons in hippocampal slices. (nih.gov)
Local axons of CA1 pyramidal cells, intracellularly labeled in vitro or in vivo, innervated a relatively high proportion of interneuronal postsynaptic targets (65.9 and 53.8%, in vitro and in vivo, respectively) in stratum (str. (ox.ac.uk)

The representation of amyloid-induced changes in the model include CA1 pyramidal cell ion channel conductance changes and selective oriens lacunosum-moleculare interneuron loss. (umich.edu)

Using paired recordings, we found that pyramidal cells displayed large and fast unitary postsynaptic currents in response to activating basket and mossy-fiber-associated cells, while they showed slower and smaller synaptic events in pairs originating from interneurons that innervate the dendritic layer, which may be due to dendritic filtering. (nih.gov)

Study of the pyramidal cells and interneurons recruited by intracortical microstimulation in primary somatosensory cortex. (yale.edu)

To understand the function of these interneurons in information processing, it is necessary to uncover how they are embedded into neuronal circuits. (nih.gov)
Together, our results establish a unifying and mechanistic framework of neuronal cell-type organization that integrates multi-layered molecular genetic and spatial information with multi-faceted phenotypic properties. (stanford.edu)
The core conserved molecular identities of neuronal and non-neuronal cell types allow us to generate a cross-species consensus classification of cell types, and to infer conserved properties of cell types across species. (stanford.edu)
Shane Grealish: Cell Replacement Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: The Importance of Neuronal Subtype, Cell Source and Connectivity for Functional Recovery. (lu.se)
The aim of this thesis was to understand how particular factors such as neuronal content, placement and cell source, affect functional outcome after transplantation into the rodent brain. (lu.se)
Through understanding functional recovery in terms of neuronal subtype and connectivity, the work presented in this thesis aims to bring the prospect of CRT closer to the clinic, I also describe the generation of a very promising alternative cell source that could rival fetal tissue. (lu.se)

In addition, CB1 activation significantly reduced the amplitude of the postsynaptic currents in each cell pair tested. (nih.gov)
Unexpectedly, a GC in vivo like pattern of activity induced robust presynaptically-expressed post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) only when the postsynaptic cell was loaded with a high concentration of Ca 2+ buffer, indicating a form of Ca 2+ -dependent retrograde suppression of PTP. (eneuro.org)

By using a noninvasive approach to monitor the effect of individual interneurons on the pyramidal cell population, we found that rat hippocampal interneurons hyperpolarized pyramidal cells irrespective of the location of their synapses along the somato-dendritic axis. (duke.edu)
The authors identified a signalling pathway controlling the formation of synapses between excitatory pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons expressing the protein parvalbumin. (kcl.ac.uk)
This discovery supports the idea that the synapses made by excitatory pyramidal cells and the parvalbumin-positive interneurons might be particularly sensitive to dysregulation seen in developmental brain conditions such as ASD. (kcl.ac.uk)
We here argue that electrical coupling - in addition to chemical synapses - may therefore contribute to the formation of at least some cell assemblies in adult animals. (degruyter.com)
E ) Quantification of the density of VGlut1+/PSD95+/tdTomato+ synapses contacting PV+ interneurons in Nrg1 and Nrg3 conditional mutant mice. (elifesciences.org)

Stimulating medial prefrontal cortex cells that contained dopamine D1 receptors, but not D2 receptors, produced rapid and sustained antidepressant effects. (bipolarnews.org)

Knock-out mice lacking the gene for the T-type calcium current in thalamic relay cells display a resistance to absence seizures (Kim et al. (scholarpedia.org)
C ) Quantification of the density of GAD65+/CB1R+ boutons formed onto pyramidal cell somas in Nrg1 and Nrg3 conditional mutant mice. (elifesciences.org)
n = 5 mice (73 cells) for controls and 5 mice (94 cells) for mutants. (elifesciences.org)
n = 6 mice (96 cells) for controls and 6 mice (100 cells) for mutants. (elifesciences.org)
D ) Confocal images (top three panels) and binary images (bottom panel) illustrating presynaptic VGlut1+ puncta (blue) in tdTomato+ axons (red) of pyramidal cells located in close apposition to PSD95+ clusters (green) in PV+ interneurons (gray) in controls, Nrg1 and Nrg3 conditional mutant mice. (elifesciences.org)
n = 5 mice (101 cells) for controls and 5 mice (110 cells) for mutants. (elifesciences.org)
n = 6 mice (126 cells) for controls and 6 mice (123 cells) for mutants. (elifesciences.org)

Methods: Here, we overexpressed STK32B RNA in human cerebellar DAOY cells and used an RNA-Seq approach to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by comparing the transcriptome profile of these cells to one of the control DAOY cells. (bvsalud.org)

CB1 -expressing interneurons showed distinct axonal arborization, and were classified as basket cells, mossy-fiber-associated cells, dendritic-layer-innervating cells or perforant-path-associated cells. (nih.gov)

Acetylcholine receptors , also known as nicotinic receptors , are found in the cell membrane and are sensitive to neurotransmitters. (pasteur.fr)
"Our research on this disease model also shows that when we administer nicotine, it binds to the nicotinic receptors in interneurons and influences the pyramidal cell activity in the prefrontal cortex, which returns to a normal state of activity," explained Fani Koukouli, first author of this study. (pasteur.fr)

Cell 183 , 1249-1263, (2020). (nature.com)

In contrast, axons of in vitro labeled CA3 pyramidal cells in str. (ox.ac.uk)

First is to argue that cell assemblies and CPGs form parts of a single conceptual spectrum, which we denote as 'functional networks' - recognizing that CPG outputs repeat stereotypically over time, while cell assembly behavior may be less repetitive, more flexible, and prone to modification. (degruyter.com)

Sparks FT, Liao Z, Li W, Grosmark A, Soltesz I , Losonczy A. Hippocampal adult-born granule cells drive network activity in a mouse model of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy. (neurotree.org)
The powerful mossy fiber (MF)-CA3 synapse exhibits strong forms of plasticity that are engaged during location-specific exploration, when dentate granule cells (GCs) fire in bursts. (eneuro.org)

Dudok B , Klein PM, Soltesz I . Toward Understanding the Diverse Roles of Perisomatic Interneurons in Epilepsy. (neurotree.org)

Unexpectedly, we found that the Syngap1flox allele used in this study contains inverted loxP sites and that its targeted recombination in MGE-derived interneurons induces some cell loss during embryonic development and the reversible inversion of the sequence flanked by the loxP sites in postmitotic cells. (bvsalud.org)

This was achieved by coordinated large-scale analyses of single-cell transcriptomes, chromatin accessibility, DNA methylomes, spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomes, morphological and electrophysiological properties and cellular resolution input-output mapping, integrated through cross-modal computational analysis. (stanford.edu)

In order to decouple ripple-spindle oscillations, here we chemogenetically inhibited parvalbumin-positive (PV + ) interneurons, since their activity is important for regulating the timing of spiking activity during oscillations. (elifesciences.org)
2001), which clearly demonstrates that the thalamus, and in particular the T-type current mediated bursting of thalamic cells, are involved in this type of seizure activity. (scholarpedia.org)
Cell and population level mechanisms for this timecourse of altered synchronized activity are proposed in relation to previous analytical results. (umich.edu)
The suggested cell and population level mechanisms of altered synchronized activity could be important pathophysiological events in the time course of AD related to its characteristic amyloid plaque formation, hippocampal dysfunction, and cognitive decline. (umich.edu)

The objective of this study is to determine the effects of overexpressed STK32B in cerebellar DAOY cells. (bvsalud.org)

Such lines of investigation are now possible thanks to a new tool called "single-cell transcriptomics. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Single-cell transcriptomics is " transforming our understanding of biology " by allowing scientists to quantify levels of gene expression in single cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The team believes that thanks to the new tools such as single-cell transcriptomics, we can expect to see breakthroughs in our understanding of the biology of other complex conditions, such as major depression , autism , and eating disorders. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Third, in situ single-cell transcriptomics provides a spatially resolved cell-type atlas of the motor cortex. (stanford.edu)

They also found that the contributing cell types are linked to particular structures and parts of the brain and may exert "distinct" effects. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Schizophrenia: Which cell types are involved? (medicalnewstoday.com)
For the new study, the researchers created gene expression maps for each cell type in the brain and compared them with the detailed list of the hundreds of schizophrenia-related genes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
One question now," explains co-senior study author Patrick Sullivan - who holds professorships in both the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the Karolinska Institutet and the Department of Genetics and Psychiatry at University of North Carolina - "is whether these brain cell types are related to the clinical features of schizophrenia. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Even now, however, cell assemblies are difficult or impossible to isolate physically, in contrast to at least some CPGs. (degruyter.com)
In contrast, regular-spiking Nkx2.1 interneurons are largely unaffected. (bvsalud.org)

The averages per animal and genotype are represented in bar graphs, and the distributions of values per cell are shown in cumulative frequency plots. (elifesciences.org)
This computational modeling study suggests cell and network level changes in the hippocampal populations that contribute to the observed age-dependent reduction of elicited theta power in local field potential that also imply subsequent theta frequency reduction and power normalization. (umich.edu)

Scholars@Duke publication: Interneurons hyperpolarize pyramidal cells along their entire somatodendritic axis. (duke.edu)

MicrocircuitDB: Direct recruitment of S1 pyramidal cells and interneurons via ICMS (Overstreet et al. (yale.edu)
Recruitment and inhibitory action of hippocampal axo-axonic cells during behavior. (neurotree.org)

First, our study reveals a unified molecular genetic landscape of cortical cell types that integrates their transcriptome, open chromatin and DNA methylation maps. (stanford.edu)

Thy-1 and TL are signal for the sake stall adhesion and signal transduction involved in T-cell differentiation, growth and apoptosis. (wgc2010.sk)

Anatomy60

Organisms23

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs99

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Psychiatry and Psychology8

Phenomena and Processes37

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Neurons25

GABAergic11

Hippocampus5

NEURON6

Made by pyramidal cells2

Cortical pyramidal cells2

Inhibition5

Parvalbumin interneurons1

Fast spiking inte2

Inputs2

Glutamatergic4

Modulate pyramidal1

Intracellularly labeled2

Lacunosum-moleculare1

Innervate1

Primary somato1

Neuronal6

Postsynaptic2

Synapses5

Medial prefro1

Mice7

Differentially1

Dendritic1

Receptors2

20201

Axons1

Functional1

Granule cells2

Roles1

Embryonic1

Electrophysiological1

Activity4

Cerebellar1

Single-cell transcriptomics4

Distinct1

Schizophrenia3

Contrast2

Frequency2

Axis1

Recruitment2

Molecular-genetic1

Apoptosis1