• The putamen also plays a role in degenerative neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lesions on the brain due to Parkinson's disease can affect the putamen and cause involuntary muscle movements or tremors. (healthline.com)
  • Impaired mesial frontal and putamen activation in Parkinson's disease: a positron emission tomography study. (unil.ch)
  • A group of healthy control subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease were investigated using positron emission tomography and two tracers as indicators of different specific properties of the presynaptic dopaminergic system in caudate nucleus and putamen. (nih.gov)
  • In patients with Parkinson's disease, striatal uptake of both tracers was decreased, putamen being significantly more affected than caudate. (nih.gov)
  • We propose that the motor deficits that are a constant and characteristic feature of idiopathic Parkinson's disease are for the most part a consequence of dopamine loss in the putamen, and that the dopamine-related caudate deficits (in "higher" cognitive functions) are, if present, less marked or restricted to discrete functions only. (nih.gov)
  • We conclude that the putamen--particularly its caudal portions--may be the most appropriate site for intrastriatal application of dopamine-producing autografts in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. (nih.gov)
  • Until recently, most MRI research focused broadly on the basal ganglia as a whole, for various reasons (e.g. image resolution, rarity of isolated infarct or hemorrhage within the putamen, etc. (wikipedia.org)
  • The putamen is the outermost portion of the basal ganglia. (wikipedia.org)
  • A primary function of the putamen is to regulate movements at various stages (e.g. preparation and execution) and influence various types of learning. (wikipedia.org)
  • Disruption in the function of the putamen may also cause restless legs syndrome . (healthline.com)
  • The putamen and caudate nucleus together form the dorsal striatum. (wikipedia.org)
  • The caudate and putamen contain the same types of neurons and circuits - many neuroanatomists consider the dorsal striatum to be a single structure, divided into two parts by a large fiber tract, the internal capsule, passing through the middle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The putamen is located in the rostral division as part of the striatum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Notably, the striatum (putamen) and cortex (BA39) from the same individuals were analyzed in parallel. (lu.se)
  • DaTQUANT software may aid in the assessment of DaT uptake in the caudate and putamen regions. (gehealthcare.com)
  • The secondary analyses identified portions of the subgenual cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and putamen as demonstrating convergent abnormalities. (psychiatryonline.org)
  • Both regions acquire input from the putamen and caudate and communicate with the subthalamic nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tyrosine hydroxylase+ dopaminergic neurons survived and extended fibers to cover almost the whole putamen and some parts of the caudate nucleus. (the-scientist.com)
  • Western blot: Recognizes a diffuse band at approximately 70-85 kDa on western blots of extracts (20 ug total protein) from human caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • This defect leads to the eventual death of these cells, particularly in areas of the brain called the caudate nucleus and putamen. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This is in contrast to the generally extreme depletion of endogenous dopamine in the putamen of patients found at postmortem. (nih.gov)
  • We found that in the putamen there was a nearly complete depletion of dopamine in all subdivisions, with the greatest reduction in the caudal portions (less than 1 percent of the dopamine remaining). (nih.gov)
  • VM), showed that the recovery of motor functions induced implanted either (1) as a solid piece in the lateral ven- by the grafted fetal dopamine neurons was well cor- tricle6 or a cortical cavity8 adjacent to the denervated related with the extent of graft-derived reinnervation caudate-putamen, or (2) as a crude cell suspension of the host caudate-putamen. (lu.se)
  • The putamen's outputs are highly arborized across output structures, and cortical efferents arise from layers III-VI of the cortex, dependent on gyri and location within the putamen. (wikipedia.org)
  • The caudate works with the putamen to receive the input from cerebral cortex. (wikipedia.org)
  • Evolutionary-based feature selection leveraging leave-one-site-out cross-validation, to combat unintentional learning, identified cortical thickness in the left superior frontal gyrus and right lateral orbitofrontal cortex, cortical surface area in the right transverse temporal gyrus, and left putamen volume as final features. (nih.gov)
  • Patients with OCD showed significantly increased RPE responses in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the putamen compared with controls. (cambridge.org)
  • Topographical organization of the putamen combines the following elements: anterior-to-posterior functional and somatotopic gradients, lateral-to-medial functional and somatotopic gradients, diffuse terminal output, patchy localized terminal output, segregated terminals from adjacent regions, finely interdigitated terminals from distal cortical regions in a seemingly overlapping fashion[citation needed]. (wikipedia.org)
  • Theoretical accounts of developmental stuttering implicate dysfunctional cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical motor loops through the putamen. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It automatically calculates striatal binding ratios, putamen/caudate ratios and asymmetry. (gehealthcare.com)
  • Objective: To determine whether the volume of the putamen is abnormal in patients with idiopathic focal dystonia. (wustl.edu)
  • Degenerative diseases of the brain, such as Huntington's disease , can also affect the putamen and cause jerky, unpredictable movements. (healthline.com)
  • Projections from the putamen reach the caudate directly via the caudolenticular grey bridges. (wikipedia.org)
  • Side-to-side differences of uptake in putamen, but not caudate, correlated with corresponding left-right differences of scored clinical motor performance. (nih.gov)
  • Both 6-L(18F)-fluorodopa and (11C)-nomifensine tracer uptake in putamen was decreased on average to 40% of normal values, suggesting that a substantial part of the cellular elements of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system is still intact in living parkinsonian patients. (nih.gov)
  • Using manually delineated regions-of-interest, reliability was high for WM (ICC=0.96) and both the caudate (ICC=0.96) and putamen (ICC=0.97), while corpus callosum reliability was lower (ICC=0.83). (bmj.com)
  • In Study 2, putamen volumes correlated with those measured in Study 1 (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.68 to 0.83). (wustl.edu)
  • Within-HiBalance-group analyses showed higher left putamen volumes post-training. (lu.se)
  • The putamen is interconnected with the following structures: This description is rudimentary and does not nearly exhaust even the basic established circuitry of the putamen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Persistent injury to the caudate putamen and thalamus at P1 was significantly correlated with hypertonic motor deficits in the hypoxic group. (jneurosci.org)
  • Results indicate that volume is significantly less variable for putamina that were segmented from the resampled dataset when compared to those segmented from the original dataset. (okstate.edu)
  • Immunolocalization of DAT on paraformaldehyde fixed frozen sections of human brain using MAB369 shows dense punctate staining throughout the caudate, putamen and accumbens (Miller, 1997). (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • We hypothesized that this might be reflected as abnormal putamen volume on MRI. (wustl.edu)
  • Putamen volume was measured using a stereologic method (Study 1). (wustl.edu)
  • In a replication study, another rater measured putamen volume using manual tracing and direct voxel count (Study 2). (wustl.edu)
  • The putamen was 13% larger in patients, both in absolute terms (p = 0.03) and after covarying total brain volume (p = 0.02). (wustl.edu)
  • In repeated measures correlation a positive linear, non-significant relationship between gait speed and putamen volume was revealed. (lu.se)
  • Analysis of these quantitative maps in 41 men and women who stutter and 32 individuals who are typically fluent revealed significant group differences in maps of R2*, indicative of higher iron content in individuals who stutter in the left putamen and in left hemisphere cortical regions important for speech motor control. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To form preliminary recommendations regarding the efficacy of resampling procedures for ameliorating low scan resolutions, we quantify inter- and intra-user variation in manual segmentation of the putamen from an MRI study of a healthy individual, using two protocols: 1) original scan resolution, and 2) up-sampled by 100% in all three dimensions, in a repeated-measures experimental design. (okstate.edu)
  • In fact, in this group, the putamen is about 10% larger in patients than in matched control subjects. (wustl.edu)
  • Six participants (three per test group) segmented the left and right putamina five successive times using a standardized segmentation protocol. (okstate.edu)
  • The putamen was 8% larger in patients (p = 0.06) and was larger in the patient than in the matched control subject in 10 of 13 pairs (p = 0.046). (wustl.edu)
  • PUTAMEN has performed 3 ITM in Club Poker tournaments, and won a total of 12,62 € . (clubpoker.net)
  • The SNpc obtains input from the putamen and caudate, and sends information back. (wikipedia.org)
  • Background: The cause of adult- onset focal dystonia is unknown, but substantial evidence suggests that the putamen may be abnormal in this condition. (wustl.edu)