OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
PurinesPurine NucleotidesPurine NucleosidesPurine-Nucleoside PhosphorylaseHypoxanthineHypoxanthinesInosinePentosyltransferasesAdeninePhosphoribosyl PyrophosphatePyrimidine NucleotidesInosine MonophosphateGuanosineAmidophosphoribosyltransferasePurine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn ErrorsGuanineHypoxanthine PhosphoribosyltransferaseMethylthioinosineRibosemonophosphatesNucleosidesPhosphoribosylglycinamide FormyltransferaseAdenosineHydroxymethyl and Formyl TransferasesXanthineAdenine PhosphoribosyltransferaseAdenylosuccinate LyaseAdenosine DeaminasePyrimidine NucleosidesPhosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide FormyltransferaseNucleobase Transport ProteinsDeoxyadenosinesRibose-Phosphate PyrophosphokinaseLesch-Nyhan SyndromeXanthinesRibonucleosidesInosine NucleotidesNucleotidesAdenylosuccinate SynthaseAzaserineRibonucleotidesAllantoinGuanosine MonophosphateUric AcidPentosephosphatesAzaguanineFormycinsAdenine NucleotidesCarbon-Nitrogen Ligases with Glutamine as Amide-N-DonorAdenosine MonophosphatePyrimidinesKineticsNucleoside Transport ProteinsAdenosine TriphosphateDeoxyribonucleosidesXanthine DehydrogenaseAdenosine KinaseBase SequenceAdenosine Deaminase InhibitorsNucleotidasesMolecular Sequence DataIMP DehydrogenaseCladribineThionucleosides5'-NucleotidasePentostatinCarbon-Nitrogen LigasesNucleic Acid ConformationFormatesReceptors, PurinergicDNA2-AminopurineSubstrate SpecificityTubercidinNucleotide DeaminasesAminohydrolasesDeoxyguanosineThioguanineGuanine NucleotidesDeoxyguanine NucleotidesMutationEscherichia coliThioinosineNucleoside DeaminasesGMP ReductaseUridine TriphosphateXanthine OxidaseBase PairingAminoimidazole CarboxamideN-Glycosyl HydrolasesAMP DeaminaseUridineGoutCoformycinGlycineTetrahydrofolatesVidarabine PhosphateStructure-Activity RelationshipModels, MolecularBinding SitesUrate Oxidase
Uric acidPyrimidinesIncluding 6-mercaptopurineNucleosidesSynthesisMercaptopurineHigh-purineNucleoside phosphorylaseAnalogsDerivativesHypoxanthineNucleotidesPyrimidineRibosideMethylmercaptopurineAminoMetabolitesNucleotideThioRiboseAromaticMoleculesMetabolic pathwaysAcidStrandsAdenosineEnzymesDietarySkipIntakeCompoundsFoodsSerumChemicalAtomContentLiverProductionAnimalLowerTotalFormIncrease
Uric acid11
  • Uric acid (8) was reacted with PCl5 to give 2,6,8-trichloropurine (10), which was converted with HI and PH4I to give 2,6-diiodopurine (11). (wikipedia.org)
  • This involves complicated processes that can vary from person to person, so even the best analysis of relevant purine rich foods can only produce an estimate that should be confirmed with uric acid blood tests. (goutpal.com)
  • Zollner's analysis of purine metabolism suggests that xanthine and hypoxanthine are the most effective purines for increasing uric acid. (goutpal.com)
  • If you are serious about measuring the impact of purine rich foods in your gout diet, you must verify expected values from the tables with actual effects from your own uric acid tests . (goutpal.com)
  • Uric acid, the major end-product of purine metabolism, is relatively insoluble in water. (medscape.com)
  • Such high levels may be due to either excess dietary intake of purine-rich foods or endogenous uric acid overproduction. (medscape.com)
  • Your doctor may recommend getting your serum uric acid (SUA) level below 6 mg/dL by changing your diet and taking urate-lowering medicine. (arthritis.org)
  • Purines are substances in animal and plant foods that your body converts to uric acid. (arthritis.org)
  • Still, cutting out high-purine foods could reduce the number of flares for people not taking uric acid-lowering medication . (arthritis.org)
  • The final breakdown product of purine catabolism in humans is uric acid. (medscape.com)
  • To counteract the oxidative stress mammalian cells have antioxidant system which includes enzymatic activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and non enzymatic antioxidants including vitamins A, E, C, melatonin, uric acid (UA) and glutathione 6,10 . (bvsalud.org)
Pyrimidines4
  • Purines and pyrimidines make up the two groups of nitrogenous bases, including the two groups of nucleotide bases. (wikipedia.org)
  • In order to perform these essential cellular processes, both purines and pyrimidines are needed by the cell, and in similar quantities. (wikipedia.org)
  • Structure of purines and pyrimidines - Jahnvi arora (11228108), mmdu ,mullana. (slideshare.net)
  • Hitchings, who would later become a member of the National Academy of Sciences, "talked about purines and pyrimidines, which I must confess I'd never even heard of up to that point, and it was really to attack a whole variety of diseases by interfering with DNA synthesis. (cuny.edu)
Including 6-mercaptopurine1
  • Working in collaboration with George H. Hitchings, she synthesized a large number of purines, including 6-mercaptopurine and thioguanine, and investigated their loci of action in microbiological systems. (cuny.edu)
Nucleosides2
Synthesis7
  • contradictory] Aside from the crucial roles of purines (adenine and guanine) in DNA and RNA, purines are also significant components in a number of other important biomolecules, such as ATP, GTP, cyclic AMP, NADH, and coenzyme A. Purine (1) itself, has not been found in nature, but it can be produced by organic synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs , in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia . (online-medical-dictionary.org)
  • On the other hand, oral administration of MSNs disturbed inflammatory factors and metabolites of ribose-5-phosphate, 6-phosphogluconate, GSSG, and NADP+ associated with the pentose phosphate pathway, glutathione synthesis and oxidative stress albeit to a lesser extent than intravenous injection despite the administration of a ten-fold greater dose. (frontiersin.org)
  • The work represents the first successful iterative synthesis of a potent CDK inhibitor based on the structure of fully activated CDK2-cyclin A. Furthermore, the potency of O(6)-cyclohexylmethyl-2-(4'- sulfamoylanilino)purine was both predicted and fully rationalized on the basis of protein-ligand interactions. (rcsb.org)
  • Inhibits purine synthesis and proliferation of human lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Antagonizes purine metabolism and inhibits synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins. (medscape.com)
  • First used as anticancer drugs, purine analogs such as 6-mercaptopurine interfere with DNA synthesis and thus are also powerful antimitotic (hence immunosuppressive) agents. (nanomedicine.com)
Mercaptopurine7
  • 6-[(l-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl)thio] purine, is an immunosuppressant derivative of the antitumour drug, 6-mercaptopurine. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Imidazolyl derivative of 6-mercaptopurine. (medscape.com)
  • The 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) became the first purine antagonist to be useful in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. (cuny.edu)
  • 6-Methylmercaptopurine is a metabolite of mercaptopurine. (hmdb.ca)
  • Mercaptopurine (also called 6-mercaptopurine, 6-MP or its brand name Purinethol) is an immunosuppressive drug. (hmdb.ca)
  • S-adenosylhomocysteine and 6-methylmercaptopurine can be biosynthesized from mercaptopurine and S-adenosylmethionine through the action of the enzyme thiopurine S-methyltransferase. (hmdb.ca)
  • In humans, 6-methylmercaptopurine is involved in mercaptopurine metabolism pathway. (hmdb.ca)
High-purine1
  • High-purine plants and algae include some legumes (lentils, soybeans, and black eye peas) and spirulina. (wikipedia.org)
Nucleoside phosphorylase1
  • Application of crystallographic and modeling methods in the design of purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitors. (lu.se)
Analogs1
  • From her first publication in 1939 to her last in 1998, Trudy was involved in the investigation of purines and purine analogs as chemotherapeutic agents. (cuny.edu)
Derivatives2
  • To be viable, organisms possess a number of deoxypurine phosphohydrolases, which hydrolyze these purine derivatives removing them from the active NTP and dNTP pools. (wikipedia.org)
  • The objectives of the present work were to estimate the microbial protein production using the total purine derivatives (PD) excretion, to compare the PD and the urea excretions, obtained from spot urine collection with that observed in the 24 hours collection and to evaluate the plasma and milk N-urea and urea urinary excretion. (eurekamag.com)
Hypoxanthine1
  • Omics data suggested intravenous administration of MSNs perturbed the following metabolites: succinate, hypoxanthine, GSSG, NADP+, NADPH and 6-phosphogluconic acid. (frontiersin.org)
Nucleotides2
Pyrimidine5
  • Purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound that consists of two rings (pyrimidine and imidazole) fused together. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both purine and pyrimidine are self-inhibiting and activating. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pyrimidine simultaneously self-inhibits and activates purine in a similar manner. (wikipedia.org)
  • Her 1954 paper that quantified the synergistic effects of purine antagonists with pyrimidine and folic acid antagonists has become a classic in the field. (cuny.edu)
  • Purine is a bicyclic aromatic compound made up of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. (hmdb.ca)
Riboside1
  • Recoveries of 6-BA spiked in home cultured bean sprout samples averaged from 75% to 89% with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.998 between the results determined by icELISA and those by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). LC-ESI-MS showed that 6-BA had been partially metabolized to 6-benzylaminopurine riboside (6-BAR) in the positive samples. (cdc.gov)
Methylmercaptopurine3
  • 6-Methylmercaptopurine, also known as thiopurine S-methylether, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 6-thiopurines. (hmdb.ca)
  • 6-Methylmercaptopurine is a strong basic compound (based on its pKa). (hmdb.ca)
  • 6-Methylmercaptopurine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. (hmdb.ca)
Amino1
  • In this work, Scenedesmus obliquus was used as a study model to analyze the effect of benzyl amino purine (BAP) and gibberellic acid (GA) coupled to nitrogen limitation on cell growth, biomass and fatty acids. (techscience.com)
Metabolites1
  • Blood purines were measured in a mouse model of neonatal hypoxia and infants with NE using a novel point-of-care diagnostic technology (SMARTChip) based on the summated electrochemical detection of adenosine and adenosine metabolites in the blood. (frontiersin.org)
Nucleotide1
  • Tenofovir disoproxil is a diester pro-drug of the purine based nucleotide analogue, tenofovir. (who.int)
Thio1
  • Acharya, KR 1984, ' Crystal structure of 6-[(1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl)thio] purine ', Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences - Chemical Sciences , vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 183-187. (bath.ac.uk)
Ribose1
  • Development of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the analysis of 6-benzylaminopurine and its ribose adduct in bean sprouts. (cdc.gov)
Aromatic1
  • Purine is aromatic, having four tautomers each with a hydrogen bonded to a different one of the four nitrogen atoms. (wikipedia.org)
Molecules1
  • Purine also gives its name to the wider class of molecules, purines, which include substituted purines and their tautomers. (wikipedia.org)
Metabolic pathways2
  • Many organisms have metabolic pathways to synthesize and break down purines. (wikipedia.org)
  • She elucidated some alterations in metabolic pathways that led to resistance to the purine antagonists. (cuny.edu)
Acid2
  • Purine is both a very weak acid (pKa 8.93) and an even weaker base (pKa 2.39). (wikipedia.org)
  • 5,6-epoxy-8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoic acid, also known as leukotoxin A4 (LTA4), is a bioactive lipid mediator that plays a crucial role in inflammation and immune response. (thebiotek.com)
Strands1
  • TYPES OF REPLICATION 6 Hypothetically, therecouldbethreepossible waysthat DNAreplication occur: Conservative replication: Bothparental strands stay together afterDNAreplication. (slideshare.net)
Adenosine2
Enzymes2
  • When purines are formed, they inhibit the enzymes required for more purine formation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Defects in enzymes that control purine production and breakdown can severely alter a cell's DNA sequences, which may explain why people who carry certain genetic variants of purine metabolic enzymes have a higher risk for some types of cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Dietary3
  • There are other dietary problems that are worse than purines for many gout sufferers. (goutpal.com)
  • In patients with hyperuricosuria, dietary purine restriction is the initial treatment. (medscape.com)
  • The most common cause of hyperuricosuria is increased dietary purine intake, but many other hereditary or acquired factors (eg, gout) may result in this condition. (medscape.com)
Skip1
  • I found that Ramapo Valley brews a very low-purine beer, but they skip mashing to convert starches. (aussiehomebrewer.com)
Intake1
  • We are often advised to avoid them completely, or reduce our purine intake. (goutpal.com)
Compounds2
  • I refer to these as "Gout Purines" and I have restricted the purine rich foods table to those compounds. (goutpal.com)
  • 6-thiopurines are compounds containing a purine that carries a thiol group at the 6-position. (hmdb.ca)
Foods5
  • Purine rich foods are often said to be the bane of every gout sufferers life. (goutpal.com)
  • Recent research from Japan describes the purine content of more foods. (goutpal.com)
  • I have started to list these foods at Is Very Low Purine Gout Diet Possible . (goutpal.com)
  • Though this is a list of purine rich foods, many foods are not high enough to worry about. (goutpal.com)
  • Leave Purine Rich Foods to browse the Gout Diet Guidelines . (goutpal.com)
Serum1
  • Adult men have mean serum urate values of 6.8 mg/dL, and premenopausal women have mean serum urate values of 6 mg/dL. (medscape.com)
Chemical1
  • 5,6-Dihydroxy-2-methylaminotetralin is a bioactive chemical. (thebiotek.com)
Atom1
  • To make the successful 6MP, Trudy replaced an oxygen atom on the purine ring with a sulfur atom. (cuny.edu)
Content2
  • If you are not sure, please describe the ingredients of your meal in the gout forum , then I can tell you if you should ignore the purine content, or try to reduce it. (goutpal.com)
  • The content of 6-BA determined by icELISA was about 5-70 times higher than that of LC-ESI-MS because mAb 3E5 had 315% cross-reactivity with 6-BAR. (cdc.gov)
Liver1
  • Purines are found in high concentration in meat and meat products, especially internal organs such as liver and kidney. (wikipedia.org)
Production2
  • Even within brewing yeast there is a huge range of Purine production. (aussiehomebrewer.com)
  • 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA), a cytokinin plant growth regulator, has been banned for use in bean sprout production in China. (cdc.gov)
Animal1
Lower2
  • As you would expect lower alcohol beers have lower Purines as the yeast is doing less work. (aussiehomebrewer.com)
  • 2 years, the normal count is 3000 to 9500/mcL (3 to 9.5 × 10 9 /L). At age 6 years, the lower limit of normal is 1500/mcL (1.5 × 10 9 /L). Different laboratories may have slightly different normal values. (msdmanuals.com)
Total1
  • UA constitutes around 70% of total antioxidant capacity of saliva 6,11 . (bvsalud.org)
Form1
Increase1
  • The 10 -5 M BAP and 10 -6 M GA addition to S. obliquus cultures at different initial nitrogen percentages (N-0, N-25, and N-50) showed a significant increase in cell growth and biomass productivity compared to the unstimulated cultures. (techscience.com)