Pulmonary gas volume. Medical search. Frequent questions

Information from NHANES III pulmonary studies will be used to provide reference data for occupational exposure research, air quality studies, and specialized cardiovascular research, as well as documentation of the relationship of smoking to COPD. (cdc.gov)
It will also yield data for national estimates of the distribution of pulmonary function, and prevalence of impaired function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a representative sample. (cdc.gov)
Finally, NHANES III data will allow observation of trends and changes in COPD disease and impaired pulmonary function over time. (cdc.gov)
Pulmonary function tests can determine whether there is a restrictive problem, like a neuromuscular disease, or an obstructive problem, like COPD or asthma . (mercy.net)
Unlike obstructive lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which show a normal or increased total lung capacity (TLC), restrictive disease are associated with a decreased TLC. (medscape.com)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. (aidsmap.com)
It helps detect pulmonary obstruction, caused by conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (commonly termed COPD) or asthma. (aidsmap.com)
The most common obstructive causes are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. (aafp.org)
Mixed cardiac and pulmonary disorders are also common sources of dyspnea 6 , 7 and include COPD with pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale, deconditioning, pulmonary emboli and trauma. (aafp.org)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a progres- importance of targeted interventions (e.g., reduction or elimi- sive lung disease, is characterized by long-term respiratory nation of COPD-associated risk factors, engineering controls, symptoms and airflow limitation ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
The aim of this study was to determine whether long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) reduces hospitalisation in hypoxaemic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (ersjournals.com)
Wildfire smoke exposure may exacerbate respiratory, metabolic, and cardiovascular chronic conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and congestive heart failure. (cdc.gov)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is airflow limitation caused by an inflammatory response to inhaled toxins, often cigarette smoke. (merckmanuals.com)
Objective To evaluate the safety of benzodiazepines and opioids in patients with very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (bmj.com)
1 2 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of breathlessness, morbidity, and mortality. (bmj.com)
We identified 16 trials involving 994 participants, most of whom had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (cmaj.ca)

The ¶ ICD-10 codes J40 (bronchitis, not specified as acute or chronic), J41 (simple mucopurulent chronic bronchitis), J42 (unspecified chronic bronchitis), J43 highest age-adjusted death rates were for females (101.3), White (emphysema), and J44 (other chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), assigned persons (116.9), and non-Hispanic persons (115.8) (Table 1). (cdc.gov)
Does long-term oxygen therapy reduce hospitalisation in hypoxaemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? (ersjournals.com)
This study shows that in hypoxaemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, long-term oxygen therapy is associated with a reduction in hospitalisation. (ersjournals.com)
Editorial Note: Chronic berylliosis is a pulmonary and systemic granulomatous disease caused by exposure to beryllium. (cdc.gov)
ABSTRACT Pulmonary rehabilitation is a tool that is receiving more acceptance in chronic lung diseases. (who.int)
A retrospective study was made in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, on the impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on respiratory parameters and health care utilization in a group of outpatients with chronic lung diseases other than chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (who.int)

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) affects about 1% of the global population and 10% of persons older than 65 years. (medscape.com)
Acute right ventricular (RV) failure occurs in multiple settings, including acute myocardial infarction (MI), fulminant myocarditis, acute decompensated heart failure, acute pulmonary embolism, decompensated pulmonary hypertension, following cardiac transplant, and in post-cardiotomy shock. (acc.org)
Introduction: Submaximal exercise gas exchange may be a useful tool to track responses to therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients. (elsevierpure.com)
Bayesian Inference Associates Rare KDR Variants with Specific Phenotypes in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. (cdc.gov)

The hospital pulmonary function laboratory offers comprehensive testing including spirometry, lung volumes (gas distribution and plethysmography), diffusion capacity, bronchoprovocation (methacholine), respiratory pressure measurement, 6-minute walk testing, and physiologic cardiopulmonary exercise. (ohsu.edu)
Spirometry, static lung volumes. (uninsubria.eu)

Ventilation/perfusion studies have shown no clinically significant effects on pulmonary gas exchange or arterial oxygen tension. (theodora.com)

We suggest that physical exercise in general should be the basis of pulmonary therapy in cystic fibrosis. (nih.gov)
cIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. (medscape.com)
Restrictive lung problems include extrapulmonary causes such as obesity, spine or chest wall deformities, and intrinsic pulmonary pathology such as interstitial fibrosis, pneumoconiosis, granulomatous disease or collagen vascular disease. (aafp.org)

Pulmonary causes include obstructive and restrictive processes. (aafp.org)
In order to exclude patients with a significant obstructive and/or restrictive pulmonary disease, spirometric testing was performed. (ersjournals.com)
Une étude rétrospective a été menée à Riyad (Arabie saoudite) pour connaître l'impact de la rééducation pulmonaire d'une part sur les paramètres respiratoires d'un groupe de patients en consultation externe pour des affections pulmonaires chroniques autres que la bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO) et d'autre part sur leur utilisation des soins de santé. (who.int)
Non-invasive PFT is the cornerstone of diagnosis for obstructive respiratory conditions in people, however PFT is challenging in horses due to high airflows, large pulmonary reserve and the inability of equine patients to follow instructions. (biomedcentral.com)

A pulmonary alveolus (PL: alveoli, from Latin alveolus, "little cavity"), also known as an air sac or air space, is one of millions of hollow, distensible cup-shaped cavities in the lungs where pulmonary gas exchange takes place. (wikipedia.org)
Alveoli make up the functional tissue of the mammalian lungs known as the lung parenchyma, which takes up 90 percent of the total lung volume. (wikipedia.org)
A typical pair of human lungs contains about 480 million alveoli, providing a total surface area for gas exchange of between 70 and 80 square metres. (wikipedia.org)
This usually results in a more homogeneous gas distribution throughout the lungs. (medscape.com)
Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) measure how well the lungs take in and exhale air and how efficiently they transfer oxygen into the blood. (mercy.net)
It is the most accurate test for showing absolute volumes of air in the lungs, which helps the doctor diagnose any lung issues," said Chalaine Bell, manager of cardiopulmonary services at Mercy Carthage and a respiratory care practitioner. (mercy.net)
The volume of trapped gas in the lungs was determined as a marker of airway obstruction. (cdc.gov)
Functional reserve capacity (FRC) is the volume of air in the lungs when the respiratory muscles are fully relaxed and no airflow is present. (medscape.com)
The volume of FRC is determined by the balance of the inward elastic recoil of the lungs and the outward elastic recoil of the chest wall. (medscape.com)
Restrictive lung diseases are characterized by a reduction in FRC and other lung volumes because of pathology in the lungs, pleura, or structures of the thoracic cage. (medscape.com)
In cases of intrinsic lung disease, the physiological effects of diffuse parenchymal disorders reduce all lung volumes by the excessive elastic recoil of the lungs, relative to the outward recoil forces of the chest wall. (medscape.com)
Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are tests that show how well your lungs are working. (brighamandwomens.org)
This is the total volume of the lungs when filled with as much air as possible. (brighamandwomens.org)
These tests measure how well the lungs work, providing vital information about lung volume, capacity, rates of flow, and gas exchange. (namdrc.org)
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) are a group of tests that measure how well your lungs work. (namdrc.org)
Lung volume tests measure the amount of air in your lungs, and gas diffusion tests measure how well oxygen passes from your lungs to your bloodstream. (namdrc.org)
During ascent, gas expansion can affect the lungs and gastrointestinal. (msdmanuals.com)
Pulmonary function tests are a group of tests that measure breathing and how well the lungs are functioning. (ucsfhealth.org)
The difference in the amount of gas inhaled and exhaled measures how effectively gas travels from the lungs into the blood. (ucsfhealth.org)
The gross structure of the human gas exchange system limited to the alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea and lungs. (aqa.org.uk)
Ventilation and the exchange of gases in the lungs. (aqa.org.uk)
Students could dissect mammalian lungs, the gas exchange system of a bony fish or of an insect. (aqa.org.uk)

For example, in a patient with pulmonary edema, the accumulated fluid activates neural fibers in the alveolar interstitium and reflexively causes dyspnea. (aafp.org)
compression may rarely decrease lung volume below residual volume, causing mucosal edema, vascular engorgement, pulmonary edema, and hemorrhage, which manifest clinically as dyspnea and hemoptysis on ascent. (msdmanuals.com)
This clinical in which pulmonary edema occurs in the setting of abnormal diastolic function and relatively normal systolic function has been termed diastolic heart failure . (vin.com)

Because the volume-cycled mode ensures a constant minute ventilation despite potentially abnormal lung compliance, it is a common choice as an initial ventilatory mode in the ED. A major disadvantage is that high airway pressures may be generated, potentially resulting in barotrauma . (medscape.com)
Given that the airway resistance and pulmonary compliance of the critical ED patient is unknown, the authors recommend the volume-cycled mode for initial ventilation of most patients. (medscape.com)
Arterial hypoxemia in disorders of pulmonary parenchyma is primarily caused by ventilation-perfusion mismatching, with further contribution from an intrapulmonary shunt. (medscape.com)
Protective perioperative ventilation has been shown to improve outcomes and reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications. (frontiersin.org)
The goal of this study was to assess the effects of ventilation with low tidal volume (V T ) either alone or in a combination with moderate permissive hypercapnia in major pancreatoduodenal interventions. (frontiersin.org)
The benefits of the protective mechanical ventilation with low tidal volume (V T ) resulting in improved outcome have been convincingly proved in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in large clinical studies and meta-analyses ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
Background Effective lung protective ventilation requires reliable, real-time estimation of lung volume at the bedside. (bmj.com)
Lung protective ventilation strategies require reliable estimation of lung volume at the bedside. (bmj.com)
During the years, substantial focus has been placed on the role of the lung, ventilation and pulmonary gas exchange limitations on exercise impairment at altitude. (bmj.com)
The aim of this study was to discover if the forced inspired inert gas sinewave technique could be used to measure pulmonary blood flow, using nitrous oxide as the indicator gas, following inotropic stimulation of the heart by dobutamine, in the presence of a constant alveolar ventilation. (southwales.ac.uk)

The left ventricle (LV) must generate a relatively high-pressure gradient to overcome the high systemic vascular resistance (SVR), whereas the RV needs to generate a lower pressure gradient to overcome the lower pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). (medscape.com)
Arterial and venous pulse pressure in systemic and pulmonary circulations. (uninsubria.eu)
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, also known as extrinsic allergic alveolitis, is an uncommon non-immunoglobulin E (IgE), T-helper cell type 1 (Th1)-mediated inflam- matory pulmonary disease with systemic symptoms resulting from repeated inhalation and subsequent sensitization to a large variety of aerosolized antigenic organic dust particles. (cdc.gov)

Ventilatory strategies have been devised for different disease processes to protect pulmonary parenchyma while maintaining adequate gas exchange, and they may be responsible for the increased rates of survival for pathologies such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). (medscape.com)
HBOT is instrumental in treating decompression sickness, arterial gas embolisms, and acute carbon monoxide poisoning. (medscape.com)
Acute chest syndrome is the commonest cause of death in young adults, and pulmonary dysfunction is a major contributor to morbidity in aging adults with SCD. (bmj.com)
Pulmonary function testing (PFT) has been used to characterise the condition, including acute exacerbations, and to demonstrate response to treatment. (biomedcentral.com)

Restrictive lung diseases are characterized by reduced lung volumes, either because of an alteration in lung parenchyma or because of a disease of the pleura, chest wall, or neuromuscular apparatus. (medscape.com)
If caused by parenchymal lung disease, restrictive lung disorders are accompanied by reduced gas transfer, which may be marked clinically by desaturation after exercise. (medscape.com)

Oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide at the blood-air barrier between the alveolar air and the pulmonary capillary. (wikipedia.org)
The alveolar membrane is the gas exchange surface, surrounded by a network of capillaries. (wikipedia.org)
The epithelial lining is part of the alveolar membrane, also known as the respiratory membrane, that allows the exchange of gases. (wikipedia.org)
Type II cells, also called type II pneumocytes or type II alveolar cells, release pulmonary surfactant to lower surface tension, and can also differentiate to replace damaged type I cells. (wikipedia.org)
The essential features of the alveolar epithelium as a surface over which gas exchange takes place. (aqa.org.uk)
Pulmonary and alveolar volume and flow. (uninsubria.eu)
Alveolar gas equation. (uninsubria.eu)
Arterial blood gas at rest in the supine position and in ambient air showed an increased alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference ( P A-aO 2 ), since arterial carbon dioxide tension ( P aCO 2 ) was 26 mmHg and arterial oxygen tension ( P aO 2 ) was 72 mmHg. (ersjournals.com)

Surgical right ventricular assist device (RVAD) implantation involves cannulation of the right atrium or RV as well as pulmonary artery. (acc.org)
7-10 One involves placing two cannulas - typically either two femoral venous cannulas or one femoral and one internal jugular venous cannula - with one cannula positioned in the right atrium and another in the pulmonary artery. (acc.org)
This strategy employs an extracorporeal centrifugal pump with the inflow from the right atrial cannula and outflow to the pulmonary artery. (acc.org)
7-9 Variations on this configuration include anastomosing a graft to the pulmonary artery and inserting a cannula through the graft. (acc.org)
A novel dual-lumen co-axial cannula flexible enough to be positioned with its distal tip in the pulmonary artery from internal jugular insertion can be used with a centrifugal flow pump to achieve a percutaneous RVAD. (acc.org)

Provides testing to measure basic lung volumes, flow rates, diffusion studies, and arterial blood gases. (albertahealthservices.ca)
It is sometimes referred to as a lung diffusion or gas transfer test. (aidsmap.com)
To measure diffusion capacity , you breathe a harmless gas, called a tracer gas, for a very short time, often for only one breath. (ucsfhealth.org)
Students could use agar blocks containing indicator to determine the effect of surface area to volume ratio and concentration gradient on the diffusion of an acid or alkali. (aqa.org.uk)

PFOs are common, occurring in approximately one quarter of the normal population, thus making right-to-left shunting of venous gas emboli (VGE) a theoretical concern in both hyper- and hypobaric situations. (who.int)

The many disorders that cause reduction or restriction of lung volumes may be divided into two groups based on anatomical structures. (medscape.com)

Objective To determine the ability of lung ultrasound (LUS) of the dependent region to detect real-time changes in lung volume, identify opening and closing pressures of the lung, and detect pulmonary hysteresis. (bmj.com)

Unless individual gases chemically react with each other, the individual gases in a mixture of gases do not affect each other's pressure. (jove.com)

Spirometric data and volume of trapped gas indicated opening of closed airways. (nih.gov)
The procedures for spirometric assessment of pulmonary function will be based on the most current standards of the American Thoracic Society (ATS). (cdc.gov)

Pulmonary circulation. (uninsubria.eu)

It is caused by long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter, most often from tobacco smoking (active or passive). (aidsmap.com)
Patients who are very near the fire source may have smoke inhalation injury, which is caused by thermal (superheated gases), chemical (e.g., particulate matter and other irritants), and toxic (e.g., carbon monoxide, cyanide) effects of the products of combustion. (cdc.gov)

For patients with debilitating lung diseases, the doctor often will order PFTs every few months or yearly to monitor for any changes in pulmonary function and progression of their lung disease," Bell said. (mercy.net)
Although PFTs are not painful, they can be quite taxing for the patient, Dobkins said of testing that can take 30 minutes to an hour and involves varying lengths of time when patients breathe at differing volumes and intensities. (mercy.net)
Noncardiac or nonpulmonary disease must be considered in patients with minimal risk factors for pulmonary disease and no clinical evidence of cardiac or pulmonary disease. (aafp.org)
From the patients' hospital files and general practitioner files, information on diagnosis, medical treatment, smoking habits, arterial blood gas tensions, body mass index (BMI), and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) were obtained. (ersjournals.com)
If patients have any neurologic deficits found on neurologic examination, arterial gas embolism to the brain should be suspected. (msdmanuals.com)
Alterations in pulmonary vascular volumes due to anaemia in SCD patients may be responsible for some of their lung function abnormalities and changes seen on HRCT and their decline in lung function. (bmj.com)
The determination of relative flow or flow-time measures is used in paediatric patients where compliance may limit conventional pulmonary function techniques. (biomedcentral.com)
Conclusion: Gas exchange variables measured during light submaximal exercise, such as P ET CO 2 and V E /VCO 2 , may be able to better detect small changes in functional status following treatment and could, therefore, be a useful tool to track disease severity in PAH patients. (elsevierpure.com)
To establish separate ward for Non-infectious Pulmonary patients. (rpgmc.ac.in)
To establish separate Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (RICU) for better management of critically ill pulmonary patients. (rpgmc.ac.in)

Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) can significantly worsen the outcomes of major surgery, thereby increasing the resource utilization and length of hospital stay ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
The BCR, established at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1952 to collect data and to study the clinical course, treatment, and complications of beryllium disease (4), was maintained by the Pulmonary Unit of the Massachusetts General Hospital through 1977. (cdc.gov)

Despite this high prevalence of PFO in the general population, and the relatively common occurrence of venous gas bubbles in diving and altitude exposures, the incidence of Type II DCS in diving or with altitude is remarkably low. (who.int)
Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement is most commonly indicated for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) when anticoagulation therapy is contraindicated. (medscape.com)

Arterial Gas Embolism Arterial gas embolism is a potentially catastrophic event that occurs when gas bubbles enter or form in the arterial vasculature and occlude blood flow, causing organ ischemia. (msdmanuals.com)
17. Pulmonary Thrombo-embolism. (rpgmc.ac.in)

Third, increases in pulmonary vascular resistance encountered in the perioperative period (e.g., due to cardiopulmonary bypass, pain, or hypoxemia) further compromise the failing ventricle. (acc.org)

The differential diagnosis is composed of four general categories: cardiac, pulmonary, mixed cardiac or pulmonary, and noncardiac or nonpulmonary. (aafp.org)
The broad differential diagnosis of dyspnea contains four general categories: cardiac, pulmonary, mixed cardiac or pulmonary, and noncardiac or nonpulmonary ( Table 1 ) . (aafp.org)

Most cases of dyspnea are due to cardiac or pulmonary disease, which is readily identified with a careful history and physical examination. (aafp.org)
Although other causes may contribute, the cardiac and pulmonary organ systems are most frequently involved in the etiology of dyspnea. (aafp.org)

There are many different reasons why pulmonary function tests (PFTs) may be done. (brighamandwomens.org)
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) play a crucial role in evaluating lung health and diagnosing respiratory conditions. (namdrc.org)
What are Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)? (namdrc.org)
What is the role of a medical coder in Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)? (namdrc.org)

The physiology of normal respiration and gas exchange is complex, and that of dyspnea is even more so. (aafp.org)
Organic dust toxic syndrome (pulmonary mycotoxicosis, grain fever), for example, is a syndrome consisting of fever, chills, myalgias, and dyspnea that does not require prior sensitization and is thought to be caused by inhalation of toxins produced by fungi or other contaminants of organic dust. (merckmanuals.com)

HIV has been identified as a risk factor for emphysema (damaged alveoli), expiratory airflow limitations, gas exchange abnormalities and respiratory symptoms. (aidsmap.com)
Conclusions Abnormalities in pulmonary vascular volumes may explain some of the lung function abnormalities and the decline in lung function seen in adults with SCD. (bmj.com)
BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that in morbid obesity, pulmonary gas exchange abnormalities will worsen when supine and that bariatric surgery (BS) will mitigate this effect. (northumbria.ac.uk)

COVID-19 causes low pulmonary compliance and important changes in lung function with hypoxemia and cardiovascular repercussions. (bvsalud.org)

A feature of this mode is that gas is delivered with a constant inspiratory flow pattern, resulting in peak pressures applied to the airways higher than that required for lung distension (plateau pressure). (medscape.com)
The technique provided absolute measures of respiratory function (respiratory rate, tidal volume, peak inspiratory and expiratory flows, time to peak flow) consistent with previous studies and there was no significant effect of day on any measure of respiratory function. (biomedcentral.com)

Measures of expiratory airflow are preserved and airway resistance is normal and the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio is increased. (medscape.com)
Expiratory airflow is reduced in proportion to lung volume. (medscape.com)
Forced expiratory volume. (brighamandwomens.org)
The forced expiratory volume 1 or FEV 1 , that is, the maximal amount of air you can forcefully exhale in one second. (aidsmap.com)
Pulmonary function tests showed moderate reduction of vital capacity and total lung capacity and marked reduction of forced expiratory volume and diffusing capacity. (cdc.gov)
Results The segmental A/B ratio was negatively correlated with FEV 1 , vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of VC (FEF 25/75 ) and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) and positively with the residual volume: total lung capacity ratio (RV:TLC) and respiratory system resistance (Rrs). (bmj.com)
Indices of lung function tended to be lower in the low V̇O 2peak group, but there was no relationship between forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced vital capacity, or total lung capacity and V̇O 2peak across the entire cohort (all r ≤0.35, P ≥0.41). (wku.edu)

Since the volume delivered is constant, applied airway pressures vary with changing pulmonary compliance (plateau pressure) and airway resistance (peak pressure). (medscape.com)

The acini are the basic units of respiration, with gas exchange taking place in all the alveoli present. (wikipedia.org)
The delivered volume with each respiration is dependent on the pulmonary and thoracic compliance. (medscape.com)

Compliance is the volume change produced by a change in the distending pressure. (medscape.com)

Clinical Medicine Insights: Circulatory, Respiratory and Pulmonary Medicine , 4 (1), 35-40. (elsevierpure.com)

The Chest & TB unit (Now Pulmonary Medicine) was first started in November 1997 with the recruitment of one faculty member as lecturer in the department of General Medicine. (rpgmc.ac.in)
It was the year 2004 when independent Chest & TB(Now Pulmonary Medicine) department established after the joining of faculty member as Professor on 16 November 2004. (rpgmc.ac.in)
The department of Chest & TB (Now Pulmonary Medicine) at that time was a small unit with 16 INDOOR beds and functional respiratory lab having spirometer only. (rpgmc.ac.in)
Medical college, Tanda, directed the Head of Department Chest & TB to take over charge of the Rai Bahadur Jodha Mal TB Sanatorium and start functioning as Department of Pulmonary Medicine. (rpgmc.ac.in)

Poor ventilatory management can inflict serious pulmonary and extrapulmonary damage that may not be immediately apparent. (medscape.com)

Controlled clinical studies have demonstrated that ipratropium bromide does not alter either mucociliary clearance or the volume or viscosity of respiratory secretions. (theodora.com)
However, the important clinical observation is the lack of gas exchange deterioration when supine, which may have implications for critical care and anesthesia settings. (northumbria.ac.uk)
Further study is required to determine the clinical usefulness of these gas exchange variables. (elsevierpure.com)

In selected cases where the test results are inconclusive or require clarification, complete pulmonary function testing, arterial blood gas measurement, echocardiography and standard exercise treadmill testing or complete cardiopulmonary exercise testing may be useful. (aafp.org)
However, for this review, we will focus primarily on the role that pulmonary gas exchange and specifically arterial oxyhaemoglobin saturation (SaO 2 , or SpO 2 when measured by oximetry) maintenance plays in predicting the decline in exercise performance at mild, moderate and the lower range of high altitude. (bmj.com)
Gas exchange was measured during 3 minutes of step exercise at both time points. (elsevierpure.com)

When RV failure occurs following LVAD implantation, the mainstay of treatment is inotropic and pulmonary vasodilator support while volume status is optimized. (acc.org)

Why might I need pulmonary function tests? (brighamandwomens.org)
What are the possible risks of pulmonary function tests? (brighamandwomens.org)
Prognostic significance of pulmonary function tests in dyskeratosis congenita, a telomere biology disorder. (cdc.gov)

The plethysmograph measures residual volume, functional residual capacity and total lung capacity. (mercy.net)
Residual volume. (brighamandwomens.org)

Regulation of volume and osmoticity in extracellular body fluids. (uninsubria.eu)

Inhalation proceeds until a set tidal volume (TV) is delivered and is followed by passive exhalation. (medscape.com)
Tidal volume. (brighamandwomens.org)

Students should be able to appreciate the relationship between surface area to volume ratio and metabolic rate. (aqa.org.uk)

Sara Dobkins, a respiratory care practitioner, performs a pulmonary function test on a patient using a plethysmograph at Mercy Carthage. (mercy.net)
If a different mixture of gas (nitrogen or helium mixture) is desired, the mixture can be given, via the mask, to only the patient, not the employee. (medscape.com)
The third patient had a worsening of gas exchange (decreased P ET CO 2 and increased V E /VCO 2 ) following no changes in the medical regime from the baseline visit. (elsevierpure.com)

Methods LUS was performed on preterm lambs (n=20) during in vivo mapping of the pressure-volume relationship of the respiratory system using the super-syringe method. (bmj.com)
METHODS: Gas exchange was investigated in 19 morbidly obese and 8 non-obese, age-matched control females, spontaneously breathing ambient air, both upright and supine, before and one year after BS. (northumbria.ac.uk)

Structural and functional compromises between the opposing needs for efficient gas exchange and the limitation of water loss shown by terrestrial insects and xerophytic plants. (aqa.org.uk)

Anatomy3

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs7

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes19

COPD16

Chronic6

Hypertension4

Spirometry2

Effects on pulmonary gas exch1

Fibrosis3

Obstructive4

Lungs22

Edema3

Ventilation10

Systemic3

Acute4

Restrictive2

Alveolar8

Artery5

Diffusion4

Emboli1

Disorders1

Detect pulmonary1

MIXTURE OF GASES1

Spirometric2

Circulation1

Particulate matter2

Patients10

Complications2

Venous2

Embolism2

Vascular resistance1

Diagnosis2

Cardiac2

PFTs4

Dyspnea2

Abnormalities3

Hypoxemia1

Inspiratory2

Expiratory7

Airway resistance1

Respiration2

Compliance1

Circulatory1

Chest4

Extrapulmonary1

Clinical3

Exercise3

Inotropic1

Function tests3

Residual volume2

Extracellular1

Tidal volume2

Metabolic1

Patient3

Methods2

Functional1