• Circumstantial evidence supports the hypothesis that the vagal nervous system is dysregulated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Undem, BJ & Kollarik, M 2005, ' The role of vagal afferent nerves in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ', Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society , vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 355-360. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Thus, adults with chronic cough now have a firm physical explanation for their symptoms based on vagal afferent hypersensitivity. (ersjournals.com)
  • Sensing pulmonary oxidative stress by lung vagal afferents. (elispot.biz)
  • 22. Bałkowiec A, Kukuła K, Szulczyk P. Functional classification of afferent phrenic nerve fibres and diaphragmatic receptors in cats. (elispot.biz)
  • The laryngeal and pulmonary irritant receptors and pulmonary stretch receptors are affected by inhalation agents. (anesthesiageneral.com)
  • Pulmonary stretch receptors are located in the small airway smooth muscle and respond to changes in stretching or changes in lung volume. (anesthesiageneral.com)
  • Afferents from these receptors (with a high concentration of receptors at the carina) inhibit further inspiration. (anesthesiageneral.com)
  • Laryngeal and pulmonary receptors, such as rapidly adapting receptors (RARs), C-fibers, and slowly adapting fibers (SARs), and putative cough receptors provide input to the brain stem medullary central cough generator through the intermediary of the relay neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (nTS). (thoracickey.com)
  • Drugs aimed at normalizing neuronal activity may, therefore, be beneficial in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The research team also observed that "increased breathing resistance is especially problematic for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. (techstartups.com)
  • Her medical history included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, and hypertension. (cdc.gov)
  • Afferent's lead investigational candidate, AF-219, is a selective, non-narcotic, orally-administered P2X3 antagonist currently being evaluated in a Phase 2b clinical trial for the treatment of refractory, chronic cough as well as in a Phase 2 clinical trial in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) with cough. (pappas-capital.com)
  • A review of the effectiveness of psychological interventions used for anxiety and depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (elispot.biz)
  • Comorbidities that cause pain and the contributors to pain in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (elispot.biz)
  • 4. Bordoni B, Marelli F, Morabito B, Sacconi B. Depression, anxiety and chronic pain in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the influence of breath. (elispot.biz)
  • Occurrence, characteristics, and predictors of pain in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (elispot.biz)
  • Prevalence of thoracic pain in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and relationship with patient characteristics: a cross-sectional observational study. (elispot.biz)
  • Phrenic nerve conduction abnormalities correlate with diaphragmatic descent in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (elispot.biz)
  • 4,5 It is important to differentiate chronic idiopathic cough from refractory chronic cough in which an explanation usually exists (eg, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]) but the cough remains despite treatment of the underlying condition. (bmj.com)
  • San Mateo, CA, November 11, 2015 - Afferent Pharmaceuticals, a leader in the development of small molecule compounds for the treatment of poorly managed and common neurogenic disorders, today announced that it has initiated a Phase 2 clinical trial with AF-219 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients (IPF) with cough. (pappas-capital.com)
  • The study is expected to enroll at least 30 patients at more than 15 sites in the United States, including leading pulmonary fibrosis specialty treatment centers. (pappas-capital.com)
  • malignant pleural effusion, chest wall neoplasm, COPD, metastatic cancer, interstitial lung disease, and pulmonary fibrosis, relief from oxygen, bronchodilator and steroid therapy is ineffective, as their disease process has advanced beyond conventional therapy to alleviate the dyspnea [3,4]. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
  • After single LTx, survival after BOS onset is longer in recipients with emphysema compared with recipients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 8 . (ersjournals.com)
  • MaterialsandResults In three patients, a coronary artery to pulmonary artery fistulas was noted by diagnostic coronary arteriography. (docksci.com)
  • Cardiac catheterization in two patients indicated about an 8 per cent left to right shunt ratio at pulmonary artery (Patient No.l,2), while the o t h e r patient (No.3) showed an unclear shunt. (docksci.com)
  • The coronary artery to the pulmonary artery fistulas was managed for three fistulas, one originating from the left anterior descending artery (Patient N o . l ) , one from the left anterior descending artery and circumflex artery (Patient No.3) (Fig. 2), and one from the proximal right coronary artery and left anterior descending artery (Patient No.2). (docksci.com)
  • The Coronary Artery to Pulmonary Artery Fistulas Table 1. (docksci.com)
  • We looked at the structures of the hilum of the lung: bronchus, pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins. (samwebster.net)
  • The pulmonary artery, as it traverses the lung, divides with the bronchi, and closely accompanies these tubes. (co.ma)
  • The research team also notes that their sample consisted of "relatively young, healthy, male participants," and the data "cannot be extrapolated" but can "set the stage" to determine what is appropriate for more vulnerable populations, including "elderly and in patients with pulmonary and with cardiac diseases. (infowars.com)
  • Fibers originating from the dorsal motor nucleus of X are efferent, general visceral (EGV) fibers which provide the involuntary muscle control of organs it innervates (cardiac, pulmonary, esophageal) and innervation to glands throughout the gastrointestinal tract. (medicalnotes.info)
  • It contains somatic and visceral afferent fibers, as well as general and special visceral efferent fibers. (medscape.com)
  • No afferent pupillary defect was appreciated, and intraocular pressures were normal bilaterally. (cdc.gov)
  • There was no afferent pupillary defect. (medscape.com)
  • Indirect evidence indicates that lung disease is accompanied by substantive changes to the entire reflex pathways, including enhanced activity of the primary afferent nerves, increases in synaptic efficacy at secondary nerves in the central nervous system, and changes in the autonomic nerve pathways. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Origin and distribution of phrenic primary afferent nerve fibers in the spinal cord of the adult rat. (elispot.biz)
  • Representative scheme of afferent and efferent pathways that regulate cough, and of the pathophysiology of the enhanced cough reflex. (thoracickey.com)
  • TRPV1) may influence the cough response and brain stem modulation of the afferent pathways. (thoracickey.com)
  • Because rational and effective therapy depends on understanding basic principles of normal and abnormal liquid, solute, and protein transport in the lungs, this chapter begins with a brief overview of the major factors that govern fluid and protein filtration in healthy lungs before focusing on the pathophysiology of pulmonary edema. (thoracickey.com)
  • The radicles of the pulmonary vein arise in, and carry the blood from, the pulmonary capillary plexus. (co.ma)
  • Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal disease [1]. (keio.ac.jp)
  • The vagus nerve (cranial nerve [CN] X) is the longest cranial nerve in the body, containing both motor and sensory functions in both the afferent and efferent regards. (medicalnotes.info)
  • It is mediated by afferent sensory nerves (initiated by a wide variety of stimuli) resulting in forced expulsion against a closed glottis. (bmj.com)
  • Each afferent arteriole supplies the blood which flows through the capillaries spread over a number of neighbouring alveoli, and in like manner each afferent venous radicle drains an area corresponding to several adjoining air-cells. (co.ma)
  • The afferent input from these fibers inhibits propagation of nociception carried in the small, unmyelinated C fibers by blocking transmission along these fibers to the target or T cells located in the substantia gelatinosa (laminae 2 and 3) of the dorsal horn. (medscape.com)
  • This may result in stimulation due to multiple different conditions such as pulmonary embolism, heart failure or altitude sickness. (medicalindependent.ie)
  • It is evoked by stimulation of afferents carried by the 10th cranial nerve - important due to receptive fields not only in the larynx and conducting airways, but also in the alveolar septa and lung parenchyma, pharynx, oesophagus, and even the ear. (medicalindependent.ie)
  • Cranial visceral afferents, which innervate the heart and lungs, synapse centrally onto neurons within the medial portion of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). (silverchair.com)
  • Isoflurane modulation of afferent to NTS synaptic communication may underlie compromised cardiorespiratory reflex function. (silverchair.com)
  • Superior ganglion of X provides afferent general somatic innervation to the external ear and tympanic membrane. (medicalnotes.info)
  • This beta neuropathies Please that TWA may be an ventricular and pulmonary view analyse außenpolitischer wirkungen reflexionen im spannungsfeld von internationaler politikforschung und policy analyse for nervous example to count Reports who may prevent at such for Myocardial digital burden. (augenta.net)
  • As a rule the pulmonary veins are placed on the inferior and ventral aspects of the corresponding bronchi. (co.ma)
  • Pulmonary edema can be life-threatening, but effective therapy is available to rescue patients from the deleterious consequences of disturbed lung fluid balance, which usually can be identified and, in many instances, corrected. (thoracickey.com)
  • Lung structure relevant to the forces governing fluid and protein movement in healthy lungs and lungs with pulmonary edema has been the subject of classic and more recent reviews. (thoracickey.com)
  • A deep lymphatic plexus drains fluid from the structures of the root of the lung, and they drain to pulmonary lymph nodes around those structures and then to bronchopulmonary nodes. (samwebster.net)
  • Over-time as many diseases advance (cancer), it may spread to the pulmonary system and evolve into malignant pleural effusions or chest wall neoplasm, which has a profound negative effect on work of breathing and alveolar gas exchange that may cause hypoxemia respiratory failure. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
  • Morphine is the gold standard for controlling pain and dyspnea along with oxygen therapy for cancer and other pulmonary diseases. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
  • Symptoms associated with ALS are caused by increased intraluminal pressure and distention due to the accumulation of enteric secretions in a partially or completely obstructed afferent limb. (medscape.com)
  • Perhaps the most promising future developments in pharmacotherapy are drugs which tackle neuronal hypersensitivity by blocking excitability of afferent nerves by inhibiting targets such as the ATP receptor (P2X3). (ersjournals.com)
  • These ganglia are a meshwork of visceral afferent, sympathetic, and parasympathetic axons that coat the lower part of the trachea, its bifurcation, the aorta, the pulmonary trunk, and the coronary arteries. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Under gastrointestinal hormonal influence, up to 1-2 L of pancreatic and biliary secretions can enter the afferent loop each day. (medscape.com)
  • Pulmonary edema-defined as excessive extravascular water in the lungs-is a common and serious clinical problem. (thoracickey.com)
  • clinical to pleural reperfusion items represent associated the most afferent problem of formation for acquired DNA massage. (worldclassbows.com)
  • [ 1 ] High luminal pressures and distention increase bowel wall tension in the afferent loop (in accord with the Laplace law) and can lead to ischemia and gangrene with subsequent perforation and peritonitis. (medscape.com)
  • Some studies showed Sca-1 expression in the pulmonary vascular endothelium of adult murine lungs [3], while a subset of Sca-1-expressing cells formed vascular-like structures under specific conditions [1]. (keio.ac.jp)
  • Pulmonary edema results when fluid is filtered into the lungs faster than it can be removed from them. (thoracickey.com)
  • Secondarily, prolonged stasis and pooling of secretions with partial obstruction facilitate bacterial overgrowth in the afferent loop. (medscape.com)
  • Afferent loop syndrome (ALS) is a purely mechanical complication that infrequently occurs following the construction of a gastrojejunostomy. (medscape.com)
  • Afferent limb syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • A surgical operation was performed to close the drainage orifice of the fistulas through pulmonary arteriotomy under cardiopulmonary bypass in two patients while one patient underwent a ligation of a large abnormal vessel to the aneurysm followed by a resection of the aneurysm without cardiopulmonary bypass. (docksci.com)
  • Pulmonary wedge pressure was normal (less than 12 mmHg) in 2 patients (Patient No.l,3) and abnormal (18mmHg) in the one with mitral stenosis (Patient No.2). (docksci.com)
  • This subset of patients often requires repeat hospitalizations for treatment of advanced pulmonary morbidities that makes breathing difficult [1,3 and 4]. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
  • In addition, the auxiliary breathing muscles have been described to induce an additional afferent drive which can contribute to an increase of the fatigue effect [23,24,25]. (techstartups.com)
  • Auxiliary breathing muscles" also apparently have to work harder to "induce an additional afferent drive," which apparently increases fatigue in those wearing masks. (infowars.com)
  • Afferent Pharmaceuticals is a leader in the development of therapeutic candidates targeting the P2X3 receptor for the treatment of common, poorly-managed, neurogenic conditions. (pappas-capital.com)
  • San Mateo, CA - April 25, 2016 - Afferent Pharmaceuticals, a leader in the development of small molecule compounds for the treatment of poorly managed and common neurogenic disorders, announced today that it will present four papers at the upcoming American Thoracic Society (ATS) 2016 International Conference, to be held May 13-18, 2016 in San Francisco. (pappas-capital.com)
  • San Mateo, CA - December 8, 2015 - Afferent Pharmaceuticals, a leader in the development of small molecule compounds for the treatment of poorly managed and common neurogenic disorders, announced today initiation of the company's Phase 1 trial of AF-130, a selective and differentiated P2X3 antagonist. (pappas-capital.com)
  • San Mateo, CA - November 19, 2015 - Afferent Pharmaceuticals, a leader in the development of small molecule compounds for the treatment of poorly managed and common neurogenic disorders, today announced the appointments of Prabha N. Ibrahim, Ph.D., as chief technology officer and Michelle Carpenter, J.D., RAC, as vice president of regulatory affairs and project management. (pappas-capital.com)
  • Dyspnea associated with comfort care is difficult to manage with routine oxygen therapy and conventional bronchodilator (β2-agonist) treatment in patient's pre morbid pulmonary disease involving the pulmonary chest wall. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
  • ALS is caused by complete or partial mechanical obstruction at the gastrojejunostomy or at a point along the jejunal portion of the afferent loop. (medscape.com)
  • Acute ALS represents complete obstruction of the afferent loop and is a true surgical emergency. (medscape.com)
  • The model describes yoga practice as a comprehensive skillset of synergistic process tools that facilitate bidirectional feedback and integration between high- and low-level brain networks, and afferent and re-afferent input from interoceptive processes (somatosensory, viscerosensory, chemosensory). (frontiersin.org)
  • Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), afferent arteriolar resistance (R(A)), efferent arteriolar resistance (R(E)), intraglomerular pressure (P(GLO)), urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), and chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40), a marker of kidney tubule injury, were assessed. (cdc.gov)
  • The researchers also showed that, while discomfort plays a part, "the primary effect of the face masks" on "healthy individuals is driven by the reduction of pulmonary function," due to the mask making it harder to breathe. (techstartups.com)
  • Therefore, the primary effect of the face masks on physical performance in healthy individuals is driven by the reduction of pulmonary function. (techstartups.com)
  • Normally pulmonary surfactant reduces the work of breathing by reducing the alveo lar surface tension Volatile anaesthetics produce progressive yet reversible reductions in phosphatidyicholine the main lipid component of surfactant and also affect type II alveolar cell function. (anesthesiageneral.com)