Intra-bone homeostasis is dependent on a precise dynamic balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by mesenchymal lineage osteoblasts, which comprises a series of complex and highly standardized steps. (nih.gov)
Bone is a unique connective tissue which constantly undergoes remodeling, which involves bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts[ 3 ]. (ijbs.com)
The most abundant bone cells are osteocytes, differentiated osteoblasts, lying in the lacunar space enclosed by the bone matrix [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
As it is presented in this schematic presentation, HC composing connexon placing on the body of osteocytes and osteoblasts respond to different signals which then control the transmission of different factors among are PGE2, ATP, and PNS. (biomedcentral.com)
Also, GJC forming by contacting two HC from adjacent cells present among osteoblasts, between dendritic process of osteocytes, osteocyte-osteoblast as well as osteocyte-osteoclast. (biomedcentral.com)
Bone2
The disruption outcome of apoptosis could result in bone-related diseases such as osteonecrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
This article provides an overview of what is currently known about cell death in the osteoclast and osteoblast lineages and how the death of these cells may be related to clinically important bone diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Induction2
Anti-apoptotic strategies include inhibition of caspase, poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP), and Bcl-2 proteins as well as induction of the PKB/Akt pathway and inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
The Effect of Xanthohumol Derivatives on Apoptosis Induction in Canine Lymphoma and Leukemia Cell Lines. (nih.gov)
Skeletal1
11β-HSD1 has been observed to regulate skeletal metabolism, specifically within osteoblasts. (ijbs.com)
Cells3
In contrast to necrosis (murdered cells), in apoptosis (commit suicide) and autophagy process, cytoplasmic membranes are maintained and cell body is completely removed without any inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
However, if phagocytosis of the cell does not occur at the final stage of apoptosis or autophagic process, the cells are removed through secondary necrosis [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Apoptosis was first described by Kerr and colleagues in 1972 [ 17 ] as a physiological situation characterized by distinguishable morphological features such as nuclear changes (nuclear chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation), cell contraction, and losing attachment with adjacent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell1
Cell death occurs under physiological and pathological conditions and mediates through three pathways as follows: apoptosis, autophagic cell death, and necrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Osteogenic differentiation1
The pathologically high-glucose environment has been proven to promote osteoblast apoptosis and inhibit osteogenic differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Viability3
MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of H 2 O 2 (0-1 mM) along with or without pterostilbene, and MTT assay or Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining was applied for measuring cell viability and apoptosis. (qascf.com)
Puerarin promotes the viability and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by enhancing LC3B-mediated autophagy through downregulation of miR-204. (qascf.com)
The two main causes of osteoporosis are an increase in osteoclast activity or quantity and a decrease in osteoblast viability. (frontiersin.org)
Differentiation1
19. Puerarin stimulates proliferation and differentiation and protects against cell death in human osteoblastic MG-63 cells via ER-dependent MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt activation. (nih.gov)
Mechanisms3
The present study is focused on whether pterostilbene protects against hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-induced osteoblastic cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and reveals the related underlying mechanisms. (qascf.com)
1. Puerarin: A review of its mechanisms of action and clinical studies in ophthalmology. (nih.gov)
9. Molecular Mechanisms of Anticancer Activities of Puerarin. (nih.gov)
Inhibits3
Pterostilbene inhibits reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis in primary spinal cord neurons by activating autophagy via the mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway. (qascf.com)
2. Puerarin inhibits adhesion molecule expression in tnf-alpha-stimulated human endothelial cells via modulation of the nuclear factor kappaB pathway. (nih.gov)
18. Puerarin concurrently stimulates osteoprotegerin and inhibits receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and interleukin-6 production in human osteoblastic MG-63 cells. (nih.gov)