• Fernández-Robledo JA, Vasta GR (2010) Production of recombinant proteins from protozoan parasites. (springer.com)
  • Infections by protozoan parasites, such as Plasmodium falciparum or Leishmania donovani, have a significant health, social and economic impact and threaten billions of people living in tropical and sub-tropical regions of developing countries worldwide. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • In this review we summarize the latest insights into protein lipidation in protozoan parasites. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Some protozoa are parasites, which means that they need to live on or in another organism (like an animal or plant) to survive. (kidshealth.org)
  • They help keep the intestine free of parasites such as bacteria, yeast and protozoa. (pancan.org)
  • All fourteen chimeric parasites produced sporozoites but sporozoites of eight lines failed to establish a liver infection, indicating a negative impact of these P. falciparum proteins on sporozoite infectivity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It has been found that this active substance interferes with the protein synthesis of some protozoan parasites. (edexpress24.net)
  • Sample preparation (protein and drug-resistant L. tropica parasites extraction) niasis, early diagnosis and appropriate [8]. (who.int)
  • Single-chain antibodies (scFvs) that bind the circumsporozoite protein of the avian parasite, Plasmodium gallinaceum, can reduce mean intensities of sporozoite infection of salivary glands by two to four orders of magnitude in transgenic Aedes aegypti. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In addition to identifying conserved sporozoite surface proteins identified by similar analyses of other Plasmodium species, our analysis identified several as-yet uncharacterized proteins, including a putative 6-Cys protein with no known ortholog in P. falciparum. (providence.org)
  • Identification and Characterization of Functional Human Monoclonal Antibodies to Plasmodium vivax Duffy-Binding Protein. (tropmedres.ac)
  • Genetic variability and natural selection at the ligand domain of the Duffy binding protein in Brazilian Plasmodium vivax populations. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To screen for additional vaccine candidate antigens of Plasmodium pre-erythrocytic stages, fourteen P. falciparum proteins were selected based on expression in sporozoites or their role in establishment of hepatocyte infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Subsequent genomic sequence analysis of multiple genes including elongation factor 3, a component of fungi protein synthesis not found in protozoa, further supported this notion. (medscape.com)
  • The term "germs" refers to the microscopic bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa that can cause disease. (kidshealth.org)
  • These antibodies detected recombinant protein but failed to detect protein in L. mexicana cell lysates. (gla.ac.uk)
  • A protein of 38-40 kDa, however, was detected in cell lysates of T. brucei with the antirecombinant GPI8 antibodies. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Reprinted from Cell 81, Collins, Kathleen, et al, "Purification of Tetrahymena Telomerase and Cloning of Genes Encoding the Two Protein Components of the Enzyme", pg. (jhu.edu)
  • Regulation of gene expression is primarily controlled by changes in the proteins that occupy genes' regulatory elements. (nature.com)
  • The yeast two-hybrid system is a technique used to identify genes that code for proteins that are associated with a certain protein in vivo. (cmich.edu)
  • Thus the headings Protozoan Infections, Protozoan Genes, and Protozoan Proteins, etc. have not changed. (bvsalud.org)
  • Protozoa (pronounced: pro-toe-ZO-uh) are one-celled organisms, like bacteria. (kidshealth.org)
  • Its action is to disrupt DNA and protein synthesis in a susceptible organism, and its effect is to kill bacteria. (nursinganswers.net)
  • Bad microorganisms are pathogenic bacteria, viruses, protozoa and their toxins. (lu.se)
  • A fragment of the Trypanosoma brucei ZC3H41 protein encompassing the ATP-dependent RNA helicase domain was successfully subcloned for expression in a bacterial system (Escherichia coli). (iucc.ac.il)
  • Izhaki-Tavor, LS & Dessau, M 2020, ' ATP-dependent RNA helicase domain of the ZC3H41 protein from Trypanosoma brucei: Expression, purification and crystallization ', Acta Crystallographica Section F:Structural Biology Communications , vol. 76, pp. 604-608. (iucc.ac.il)
  • Genome-wide subcellular protein map for the flagellate parasite Trypanosoma brucei. (ox.ac.uk)
  • ClustalW and bl2seq sequence analysis showed that LaTRF shared sequence identity with the Trypanosoma brucei TRF (TbTRF) protein and had the same degree of sequence similarities with the dimerization (TRFH) and the canonical DNA-binding Myb-like domains of both mammalian TRFs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Trypanosomatid parasitic protozoa such as Leishmania and Trypanosoma brucei make extensive use of this method of protein surface attachment. (gla.ac.uk)
  • It is also thought that a multivalent vaccine comprising multiple sporozoite surface antigens will provide better protection, but a comprehensive analysis of proteins in P. vivax sporozoites is not available. (providence.org)
  • With the second week serum, 34 kDa protein (p34) was detected uniquely, and all antigens of T. gondii were detected with the sera from 3 or 4 weeks. (koreamed.org)
  • The first phase involves elucidating the three-dimensional structure of parasitic protozoan proteins that are potential drug targets, allowing the identification of inhibiting compounds that block the action of pathogenic proteins. (astellas.com)
  • The most advanced malaria vaccine for P. falciparum (RTS,S, a subunit vaccine containing of a portion of the major sporozoite surface protein) conferred limited protection in Phase III trials, falling short of WHO-established vaccine efficacy goals. (providence.org)
  • Additionally, the sporozoite surface proteins CSP and TRAP, which were recently discovered to be glycosylated in P. falciparum salivary gland sporozoites, were also observed to be similarly modified in P. vivax sporozoites. (providence.org)
  • Quantitative comparison of the P. vivax and P. falciparum salivary gland sporozoite proteomes revealed a high degree of similarity in protein expression levels, including among invasion-related proteins. (providence.org)
  • For preclinical evaluation of immunogenicity of these proteins in mice, chimeric P. berghei sporozoites were created that express the P. falciparum proteins in sporozoites as an additional copy gene under control of the uis4 gene promoter. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We discuss both the low protective immunogenicity of these proteins in the chimeric rodent malaria challenge model and the negative effect on P. berghei sporozoite infectivity of several P. falciparum proteins expressed in the chimeric sporozoites. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In this context, it is worth noting that the production of recombinant proteins by photosynthetic organisms offer both eukaryotic (nuclear) and prokaryotic (chloroplast) alternatives, along with the advantage of an autotrophic nutrition. (springer.com)
  • Also, unicellular green algae, in particular Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , have been proposed as candidate organisms for the production of recombinant proteins. (springer.com)
  • Demain AL, Vaishnav P (2009) Production of recombinant proteins by microbes and higher organisms. (springer.com)
  • We discuss how recent chemical proteomic approaches have delivered the first global overviews of protein lipidation in these organisms, contributing to our understanding of the role of this PTM in critical metabolic and cellular functions. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The vast majority of new descriptors treed under Eukaryota comprise most of the organisms that were previously treed under the old Protozoa. (bvsalud.org)
  • Réponse immunitaire anti-TRAP (thrombospondin related adhesive protein) et morbidité palustre dans une zone d' hyperendémie palustre du Mali (Afrique de l' ouest) / présentée par Amagana Dolo. (who.int)
  • Protozoa love moisture, so intestinal infections and other diseases they cause, such as amebiasis and giardiasis, often spread through contaminated water. (kidshealth.org)
  • In the 1980s, biochemical analysis of the nucleic acid composition of Pneumocystis rRNA and mitochondrial DNA identified the organism as a unicellular fungus rather than a protozoan. (medscape.com)
  • Understanding their complex cell architecture and life cycle is challenging because, as with most eukaryotic microbes, ~50% of genome-encoded proteins have completely unknown functions. (ox.ac.uk)
  • As originally proposed in 1963, cells rely on two genetic elements to duplicate their genome: the replicator, a DNA region where replication begins (now named the replication origin), and the initiator, a protein or a protein complex that recognizes the replicator [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We developed genomic locus proteomics (GLoPro), in which we combine CRISPR-based genome targeting, proximity labeling, and quantitative proteomics to discover proteins associated with a specific genomic locus in native cellular contexts. (nature.com)
  • The MPXV uses the host cell's rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and cytoplasmic proteins to replicate its genome and synthesize virions for cellular exit. (bvsalud.org)
  • Immunogenicity of the other six proteins (SPELD, ETRAMP10.3, SIAP2, SPATR, HT, RPL3) was analyzed by immunization of inbred BALB/c and outbred CD-1 mice with viral-vectored (ChAd63 or ChAdOx1, MVA) vaccines, followed by challenge with chimeric sporozoites. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here, using fluorescence microscopy and cell lines expressing endogenously tagged proteins, we mapped the subcellular localization of 89% of the T. brucei proteome, a resource we call TrypTag. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To inform sporozoite-based vaccine development, we employed mass spectrometry-based proteomics to identify nearly 2,000 proteins present in P. vivax salivary gland sporozoites. (providence.org)
  • Untargeted mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics reveals that some proteins also expressed in saliva were detected with greater expression differences in blood plasma when comparing mpox patients and healthy subjects, suggesting a promising alternative to be applied in screening or diagnostic platforms for mpox salivary diagnostics coupled to OMICs. (bvsalud.org)
  • ABSTRACT In order to define the protein expressional changes related to the process of meglumine antimoniate resistance in anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), we performed a comparative proteomics analysis on sensitive and resistant strains of Leishmania tropica isolated from Iranian CL patients. (who.int)
  • The study shows the usefulness of proteomics in identifying proteins that may express differences between sensitive and resistant L. tropica isolates. (who.int)
  • We describe the purification of telomerase and the cloning of cDNAs encoding two protein subunits from the ciliate Tetrahymena. (jhu.edu)
  • The crystal structure of the parasite protein has been solved and shows prospects for design of inhibitors to be used as leads for development of new drugs. (port.ac.uk)
  • Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that LaTRF, similarly to hTRF2, is a nuclear protein that also associates with parasite telomeres. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The nuclear localization of LaTRF, its association and co-localization with parasite telomeres and its high identity with TbTRF protein, support the hypothesis that LaTRF is a Leishmania telomeric protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The perceived importance of GPI-anchored proteins makes the GPI biosynthetic pathway a good target for anti-parasite chemotherapy. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The water samples were di- of inhibition of each antimicrobial agent bacterium survives in water systems as rectly placed in ice, for transportation was measured and recorded as resistant, a parasite of protozoa [4], which are and examination within the same day. (who.int)
  • Allergies or the formation of toxic substances due to incomplete digestion of proteins. (pancan.org)
  • Cell proteins were analysed with 2-dimensional electrophoresis and differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. (who.int)
  • Pancreatic enzymes help break down fats, proteins and carbohydrates. (pancan.org)
  • Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important modulators of biology and inhibition of protein lipidation has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of parasitic diseases. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • This Review summarizes the more recent biochemical, cellular and mouse model studies that underscore the importance of the ER acetylation process in maintaining protein homeostasis and autophagy within the secretory pathway, and its impact on developmental and age-associated diseases. (biologists.com)
  • The target of this research is infectious diseases caused by parasitic protozoans, namely leishmaniasis※3, Chagas disease※4 and Sleeping sickness※5, and will be divided into two major phases. (astellas.com)
  • Structural data obtained through the successful application of this collaborative research will contribute to the discovery of new drugs for the treatment of parasitic protozoan diseases. (astellas.com)
  • Prion diseases are rare progressive, fatal, and currently untreatable degenerative disorders of the brain (and rarely of other organs) that result when a protein changes into an abnormal form called prion. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The second phase consists of the structural analysis of target proteins in complex with the inhibitory compound. (astellas.com)
  • To fully understand the function of copines in Dictyostelium, it is critical to identify their target proteins. (cmich.edu)
  • Many eukaryotic cell surface proteins are attached to the plasma membrane by glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. (gla.ac.uk)
  • We describe extensive use of histidine kinase-based two-component systems and tyrosine kinase signaling, the presence of bacterial and plant type photoreceptors (phytochromes, cryptochrome, and phototropin) and of plant-type pentatricopeptide repeat proteins, as well as metabolic pathways, and a cell cycle control system typically found in more complex eukaryotes. (duke.edu)
  • Another group of brain disorders, called spongiform encephalopathies, are caused by abnormal proteins called prions. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The importance of telomeric proteins for telomere maintenance has increased our interest in the identification of homologues within the genus Leishmania . (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this work, we identified and characterized a Leishmania protein (LaTRF) homologous to both mammalian TRF1 and TRF2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Click on the protein counts, or double click on taxonomic names to display all proteins containing SANT domain in the selected taxonomic class. (embl.de)
  • Most of the organism descriptors that were treed under Protozoa are now treed under Eukaryota, some under different taxonomic names. (bvsalud.org)
  • We are studying copine protein function in the model organism protozoan Dictyostelium discoideum. (cmich.edu)
  • A fusion protein of GPI8 and GFP was expressed in L. mexicana to attempt to localise GPI8 in this organism. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Finally, we employed chemical labeling of live sporozoites to isolate and identify 36 proteins that are putatively surface-exposed on P. vivax salivary gland sporozoites. (providence.org)
  • Engagement of the highly polymorphic domain II of the P. vivax Duffy-binding protein (DBPII) with the erythrocyte's Duffy Ag receptor for chemokines (DARC) is essential. (tropmedres.ac)
  • Invasion of host blood cells by P. vivax mainly depends on a type I membrane protein called Duffy binding protein (PvDBP). (ox.ac.uk)
  • In this study we investigated the proteins that interact with Copine A by using the yeast two-hybrid system. (cmich.edu)
  • Two of the proteins involved in this step have been identified in yeast and mammals. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The predicted protein shares 31% identity with yeast and human homologues. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Sequence comparison of L. mexicana, yeast and human GPI8 proteins identified two potential active site cysteine residues. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Two proteins of 80 and 95 kDa copurified and coimmunoprecipitated with telomerase activity and the previously identified Tetrahymena telomerase RNA. (jhu.edu)
  • We have cloned and characterized the Dictyostelium discoideum repE gene, a homolog of the human xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) group E gene which encodes a UV-damaged DNA binding protein. (nih.gov)
  • The proteins DAip1, CorA, and EfaAl are associated with actin filament organization in Dictyostelium suggesting that CpnA may have a role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton. (cmich.edu)
  • The descriptor Protozoa, formerly under Invertebrates, was deleted because it has become an outmoded phylogenetic concept. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we show that mouse Stbd1 is a transmembrane endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein with the capacity to induce the formation of organized ER structures in HeLa cells. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • There is some overlap in fluorescence patterns between tagged QM and the endoplasmic reticulum marker protein BiP. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Nevertheless, orthologs with significantly different expression levels between the two species could be identified, as well as highly abundant, species-specific proteins with no known orthologs. (providence.org)
  • Proteins found in any species of protozoan. (bvsalud.org)
  • Laemmli UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. (springer.com)
  • The collected data revealed preliminary structural information regarding this newly discovered protein. (iucc.ac.il)
  • Our findings suggest that hamsters may lack functional TLR11, which has recently been shown to recognize a profilin-like protein homologous to rEA from the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. (usu.edu)
  • Our preliminary study using 2D isolates were recovered from liq- new cases throughout the world cu- gel electrophoresis in drug sensitive/ uid nitrogen, and sub-cultured in taneous leishmaniasis (CL) remains resistant strains of L. tropica showed RPMI1640 medium (Gibco/BRL) a serious public health problem in that some proteins were differentially supplemented with 10% fetal bovine numerous countries [1,2]. (who.int)
  • This information is based on mapping of SMART genomic protein database to KEGG orthologous groups. (embl.de)
  • The retroviral oncogene v-myb, and its cellular counterpart c-myb, encode nuclear DNA-binding proteins. (embl.de)
  • Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) take many shapes, have many effects and are necessary for cellular homeostasis. (biologists.com)
  • Deficiency of the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II cellular proteins also commonly manifests in early infancy with classic symptoms of SCID. (medscape.com)
  • for now we are going to retain the other DeCS/MeSH descriptors with the word 'Protozoan. (bvsalud.org)
  • This method involves designing drugs for the target protein by analyzing and comparing the structure of various compounds and complex conjugates in order to develop an overall understanding of the mechanism by which protein activity is inhibited (or activated). (astellas.com)
  • This perspective focuses on two areas that have yielded new useful information during the last 20 years: (i) structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of contact allergy based on the concept of hapten-protein binding and (ii) mechanistic investigations regarding activation of nonsensitizing compounds to contact allergens by air oxidation or skin metabolism. (cdc.gov)
  • proteins that bind specifically to single-stranded G-rich DNA, proteins that bind to double-stranded DNA and proteins that interact with telomeric factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At the primary sequence level, the two telomerase proteins share only limited homologies with other polymerases and polymerase accessory factors. (jhu.edu)
  • The mammalian TRF1 and TRF2 proteins, for example, bind double-stranded telomeres via a Myb-like DNA-binding domain and are involved with telomere length regulation and chromosome end protection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To cause sensitization, a chemical must bind to macromolecules (proteins) in the skin. (cdc.gov)
  • Giardiasis is caused by the protozoan Giardia duodenalis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, it is important to note that the identification and quantification of salivary DNA, RNA, lipid, protein, and metabolite can provide novel non-invasive biomarkers through the use of OMICs platforms aiding in the early detection and diagnosis of MPXV infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • The predicted protein encodes a leucine zipper motif. (nih.gov)
  • 3] Nearly all patients with NBS are homozygous for the same founder mutation, ie, deletion of 5 bp (657del5) in the NBS1 gene, which encodes the protein nibrin. (medscape.com)
  • In order for a cell to respond to changes in internal and external environmental factors, a broad range of protein co- and post-translational modifications have evolved to expand upon the relatively static properties encoded in protein side-chains. (biologists.com)
  • Analysis of protein post-translational modifications revealed extensive phosphorylation of glideosome proteins as well as regulators of transcription and translation. (providence.org)
  • LaTRF was predicted to be an 82.5 kDa protein, indicating that it is double the size of the trypanosome TRF homologues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To evaluate whether these pathogens were from different lineages, cluster analysis based on seven microsatellite genotyping markers and the merozoite surface protein 1 (pkmsp1) gene was carried out. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Compared to nuclear transformation, chloroplast transformation generally allows a higher level of accumulation of the recombinant protein of interest. (springer.com)
  • Artemis deficiency (with mutations in the Artemis protein resulting in defective VDJ recombination) decreases both T cells and B cells and can be considered part of a subset of SCIDs. (medscape.com)
  • There are 139666 SANT domains in 88628 proteins in SMART's nrdb database. (embl.de)
  • Copine proteins consists of two C2 domains at the N terminus followed by an "A domain" similar to the von Willebrand-Integrin A domain. (cmich.edu)
  • However, the replisome can be stalled by depletion of nucleotide pools or barriers on the template, such as DNA damage, secondary structures or protein complexes [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)