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Oncogene Protein p55(v-myc)Oncogene Protein p65(gag-jun)PorphyrinsOncogene Protein p21(ras)Oncogene Proteins v-sisOncogene Protein tpr-metOncogene Protein v-mafProto-Oncogenesras ProteinsOncogene Protein gp140(v-fms)Genes, rasOncogene Proteins v-mosOncogenesProto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)Oncogene Proteins v-rafProto-Oncogene ProteinsOncogene Protein v-cblOncogene Proteins v-fosOncogene Protein v-crkOncogene Proteins v-mybOncogene Proteins v-erbBOncogene Proteins v-ablOncogene ProteinsOncogene Proteins v-relOncogene Proteins v-erbACell Transformation, NeoplasticMolecular Sequence DataBase SequenceProto-Oncogene Proteins c-mycCell LineTumor Suppressor Protein p53Genes, mycOncogene Protein pp60(v-src)Protein-Tyrosine KinasesOncogene Proteins, ViralRNA, MessengerAmino Acid SequenceTransfectionTranscription, GeneticGene Expression RegulationTumor Cells, Culturedras GTPase-Activating ProteinsMutationSignal TransductionCell DivisionOncogene Proteins, FusionDNA-Binding ProteinsProto-Oncogene Proteins c-fosProto-Oncogene Proteins c-mybOncogene Protein v-aktGene ExpressionDNAGene Amplification3T3 CellsProto-Oncogene Proteins c-retTranscription FactorsGenes, junBacillus PhagesGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticProto-Oncogene Proteins c-rafGenes, fosRetroviridae Proteins, OncogenicNuclear ProteinsCells, CulturedPhosphorylationDNA, NeoplasmPiebaldismRNA, NeoplasmProto-Oncogene Proteins c-cblNucleic Acid HybridizationCell Line, TransformedCloning, MolecularProto-Oncogene Proteins c-junPromoter Regions, GeneticReceptor, erbB-2Protein BindingBlotting, NorthernReceptor Protein-Tyrosine KinasesRecombinant Fusion ProteinsProto-Oncogene Proteins c-metFibroblastsPolymerase Chain ReactionRetinoblastoma-Like Protein p130ApoptosisCell Transformation, ViralBinding SitesEnzyme ActivationViral ProteinsPhosphoproteinsCell DifferentiationCell CycleGenes, mosRecombinant ProteinsPlasmidsProto-Oncogene Proteins c-mosras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange FactorsBlotting, WesternBlotting, SouthernNeoplasm ProteinsProteins

CellularRegulateGeneFunctionNormalGrowthHumanDevelopment

Cellular1

• Our studies have demonstrated that several of the proteins encoded by cellular oncogenes function in fundamental aspects of gene regulation. (stanford.edu)

Regulate2

• Proto-oncogenes are regular genes in our bodies that assist regulate cell division, growth, and even death rates. (alliedacademies.org)
• 1) Characterize novel families of oncoproteins (Pbx and Meis) that dimerize with and regulate the DNA binding properties of Hox proteins. (stanford.edu)

Gene3

• An instance of an oncogene is the HER2 gene, which creates the HER2 protein. (alliedacademies.org)
• Extra copies of this gene may result in an overabundance of HER2 protein, causing cells to proliferate faster. (alliedacademies.org)
• Third, reverse transcription is responsible for the insertion of oncogenes into retroviral genomes as well as some proto-oncogene and tumour suppressor gene alterations in non-virus induced cancers. (alliedacademies.org)

Function4

• Many efforts have been undertaken to understand the causal function of activated oncogenes in cancer formation since their discovery in human tumours. (alliedacademies.org)
• Oncogene expression and their possible function in immune cell abnormalities during carcinogenesis and tumour growth, however, have not even been adequately investigated [ 4 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
• In general, oncogene function during multistep carcinogenesis is thought to be based on a growth advantage afforded by the proto-oncogene product's altered function. (alliedacademies.org)
• We are investigating how Pbx and Meis proteins contribute to the specificity of Hox function in development and how disruption of their activities leads to neoplasia. (stanford.edu)

Normal2

• The role of proto-oncogenes in normal cell growth and differentiation, as well as the idea that oncogene proteins could be used as new targets for cancer chemotherapy, are both current research topics that are direct outgrowths of Howard's important contributions to cancer research. (alliedacademies.org)
• The discovery that oncogenes are mutated forms of normal cell genes (proto-oncogenes) drew attention to proto-oncogenes' roles in normal cells and the nature of the molecular changes that turn proto-oncogenes into oncogenes [ 2 , 3 ]. (alliedacademies.org)

Growth1

• Completely unregulated expression of oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes has been studied extensively in tumour growth for centuries. (alliedacademies.org)

Human2

• Scientific study has clearly proven the importance of oncogenes in human cancer over the last five decades. (alliedacademies.org)
• Second, both strongly transforming retroviruses and non-virus induced malignancies, including human cancers, contain comparable oncogenes. (alliedacademies.org)

Development3

• When protooncogenes are altered or amplification occurs as a result of DNA damage (such as carcinogen exposure), the proteins produced by these genes might affect the cell's development, proliferation, and survival, potentially leading to the creation of a malignant tumour. (alliedacademies.org)
• All of this research has demonstrated that oncogene expression is essential not just for cancer development but also for disease maintenance, keeping oncogenes in the spotlight as important anti-cancer treatment targets. (alliedacademies.org)
• This protein aids in the healthy division and development of breast cells. (alliedacademies.org)