• The service routinely performs diffusion-weighted imaging, perfusion-weighted imaging, proton MR spectroscopy, functional MR imaging and high-resolution phased-array imaging. (massgeneral.org)
  • van der Knaap syndrome: MR imaging findings including FLAIR, diffusion imaging, and proton MR spectroscopy. (radiopaedia.org)
  • It is shown that significant errors are made in diffusion NMR spectroscopy and imaging of anisotropic skeletal muscle when off-diagonal elements of Deff are ignored, most notably the loss of information needed to determine fiber orientation. (nih.gov)
  • Outcomes of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), and questionnaires on depression, impulsivity, and sensation seeking were compared in 30 subjects (12M, 21.8+/-3.1 years) in two sessions before and after first ecstasy use (1.8+/-1.3 tablets). (erowid.org)
  • The samples were analyzed for Cr+6 by proton induced X-ray emission spectroscopy. (cdc.gov)
  • The purpose of our study was to compare the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of prostate cancer (PCa) patients with three classes of pathological Gleason scores (GS). (hindawi.com)
  • The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated from the DWI data of patients with three different Gleason scores. (hindawi.com)
  • Two radiologists measured apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and CTP parameters independently. (hindawi.com)
  • Possibility to choose different contrast parameters: proton density, spin-spin relaxation (T2), spin-lattice relaxation (T1), diffusion coefficient (tensor), flow or magnetisation transfer, allow for investigation of different aspects of molecular dynamics in biological systems. (europa.eu)
  • Dark signal distribution shows that hot pixels are dominant for both sensors after proton irradiation. (open.ac.uk)
  • We knew about ATP synthase - that rotary engine that uses proton flow to create "batteries" of energy-packed ATP molecules. (evolutionnews.org)
  • Many assumed it was by diffusion, or simple spreading out of molecules from regions of high concentration to areas of low concentration. (evolutionnews.org)
  • persion also yields information about the zero-frequency dispersion in aqueous biopolymer gels is produced directly by dipolar contributions to transverse relaxation and steady- exchange-mediated orientational randomization of internal wa- state magnetization transfer and to the low-frequency di- ter molecules or labile biopolymer protons, with little or no role polar contribution to rotating-frame spin-lattice relaxation. (lu.se)
  • in the tunnels, co-inserted/lattice H2 O molecules block the Mg2+ diffusion while facilitate the proton diffusion. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, for complete characterisation of the water diffusion in nervous tissue measurements of all diffusion tensor components is required. (europa.eu)
  • The diagonal and off-diagonal elements of the effective self-diffusion tensor, Deff, are related to the echo intensity in an NMR spin-echo experiment. (nih.gov)
  • Estimation of Deff provides the theoretical basis for a new MRI modality, diffusion tensor imaging, which provides information about tissue microstructure and its physiologic state not contained in scalar quantities such as T1, T2, proton density, or the scalar apparent diffusion constant. (nih.gov)
  • The aim of this study was to compare diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) with computed tomography perfusion (CTP) for preoperative detection of metastases to lymph nodes (LNs) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). (hindawi.com)
  • 3. B.L. Silver and Z. Luz, Rates and mechanisms of protolysis of trimethyl-phosphonium ion in aqueous solution studied by proton magnetic resonance. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • 20. Z. Luz and R.G. Shulman, Proton magnetic resonance shifts in aqueous solutions of paramagnetic metal ions. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • She believes that by using MR imaging techniques such perfusion MR imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and 3-dimensional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, detection of changes in tumor angiogenesis, cellularity, invasion, tumor hypoxia, and metabolic burden can be accurately measured and will provide more specific information about patient's early response to therapy in the context of tumor growth. (ucsf.edu)
  • Normally, protons within tissues spin to produce tiny magnetic fields that are randomly aligned. (msdmanuals.com)
  • After the pulse, protons relax and resume their baseline alignment within the magnetic field of the MRI device. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The most commonly used agents are gadolinium derivatives, which have magnetic properties that affect proton relaxation times. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Which one(s) of the following agents are classified as proton pump inhibitor(s)? (pharmacology2000.com)
  • Furthermore, we show a rapid, coordinated depolarization of the membrane potential component of the proton-motive force throughout the cell in response to spatially controlled uncoupling of the cell interior. (evolutionnews.org)
  • Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are emerging as power conversion devices for stationary, automotive, and portable devices compared to other types of fuel cells. (hawaii.edu)
  • However, operation at elevated temperatures requires external humidification to fully humidify the reactant gases to avoid low proton conductivity which results from membrane dehydration. (hawaii.edu)
  • Owing to its applicability in sustainable engineering, flow electrochemical synthesis in a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) reactor has attracted considerable attention. (frontiersin.org)
  • The proton motive force is maintained by export of protons by a plasma membrane H + -ATPase, and therefore this sugar transport system requires net investment of ATP for its activity [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The report , "The Fuel Cell Stack Supply Chain" , focuses on suppliers of the components that make up the fuel cell stack including catalysts, membranes, membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), gas diffusion layers (GDLs), and bipolar plates (BPPs) for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, high temperature PEM (HT-PEM) fuel cells, and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). (eco-business.com)
  • Proton conductors are electrolytic conductors employing positive hydrogen ions as carriers. (wikipedia.org)
  • It's especially tough in the typical case where a proton is orbited by an electron, as in a regular hydrogen atom. (nautil.us)
  • But Pohl's group, seeking greater precision, set out in 1998 to measure the proton radius in "muonic hydrogen," since the muon's heft makes the proton's size easier to probe. (nautil.us)
  • Twelve years later, the scientists reported in Nature a value for the proton radius that was far more precise than any single previous measurement using regular hydrogen, but which, at 0.84 femtometers, fell stunningly short of the average. (nautil.us)
  • This time, they measured the radius of the deuteron, the nucleus of a deuterium atom (an isotope of hydrogen) that is comprised of a proton and a neutron. (nautil.us)
  • The electrons from water shall be used in a second process to reduce protons to hydrogen. (psi.ch)
  • To accomplish reduction of protons to hydrogen we mimic the di-iron center in hydrogenase enzymes. (psi.ch)
  • It is worth mentioning that the hydrogenation reaction in the PEM reactor utilizes water as a proton source, enabling the avoidance of explosive hydrogen gas. (frontiersin.org)
  • certains auteurs, etudiant la distribution en energie des protons emis par une cible hydrogenee soumise a un bombardement a d'energie variable, signalent que cette distribution a une structure de groupes. (iaea.org)
  • In this study, the facilitated diffusion transport system for hexose sugars of S. cerevisiae was replaced by hexose-proton symport. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study provides a proof-of-concept for the replacement of the endogenous hexose transporters of S. cerevisiae by hexose-proton symport, and the concomitant decrease in ATP yield, to greatly improve the anaerobic yield of ethanol on sugar. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, intracellular, myelin and extra-cellular water pools has different mobility and in consequence the measured MR signal contains components corresponding to water pools with different relaxation times and diffusion coefficients. (europa.eu)
  • Reply to Longitudinal Diffusion Coefficients Misnamed ," by R. N. Varney, with E. W. McDaniel, Phys. (gatech.edu)
  • Mobilities and Longitudinal Diffusion Coefficients of Mass-Identified Positive Ions in Carbon Monoxide Gas ," with J. H. Schummers, G. M. Thomson, D. R. James, and E. W. McDaniel, Phys. (gatech.edu)
  • Mobilities and Longitudinal Diffusion Coefficients of K+ Ions in Argon Gas," with D. R. James, E. Graham IV, G. M. Thomson, and E. W. McDaniel, J. Chem. (gatech.edu)
  • The electron and the proton are the elementary charge carriers, each carrying one elementary charge (e), of the same magnitude and opposite sign. (wikipedia.org)
  • The puzzle is that the proton - the positively charged particle found in atomic nuclei, which is actually a fuzzy ball of quarks and gluons - is measured to be ever so slightly larger when it is orbited by an electron than when it is orbited by a muon, a sibling of the electron that's 207 times as heavy but otherwise identical. (nautil.us)
  • And yet, according to the reigning theory of particle physics, the proton should interact with the muon and the electron in exactly the same way. (nautil.us)
  • We are interested in understanding how composition and structure of monolayer assemblies affect the dynamics of such processes as long range electron tunneling, lateral molecular diffusion and vectorial proton transport. (berkeley.edu)
  • B 124, 154-164 (1997) +} {+ reference: Tjandra N, Garrett DS, Gronenborn AM, Bax A, Clore GM, Defining long range order in NMR structure determination from the dependence of heteronuclear relaxation times on rotational diffusion anisotropy. (lu.se)
  • The proposed nonadiabatic approach to vibrational dynamics fully accounts for the strong impact of the fluctuating environment and will facilitate a concise theoretical descriptions of proton solvation structure, dynamics and transport within the confinement imposed by proton transport channel proteins. (europa.eu)
  • Such interfacial processes in the vicinity of biological membranes and proton translocation within transmembrane proteins are highly relevant as microscopic foundation of cell respiration driven by the gradient of proton concentration across membranes. (europa.eu)
  • Within this reticulum , we find proteins associated with mitochondrial proton-motive force production preferentially in the cell periphery and proteins that use the proton-motive force for ATP production in the cell interior near contractile and transport ATPases . (evolutionnews.org)
  • 10. Z. Luz and S. Meiboom, Kinetics of proton exchange in aqueous solutions of acetate buffer. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Conventional solid-to-solid conversion-type cathodes in batteries suffer from poor diffusion/reaction kinetics, large volume changes and aggressive structural degradation, particularly for rechargeable aluminium batteries (RABs). (bvsalud.org)
  • APT is a relatively new MRI contrast technique in which exogenous or endogenous compounds that contain exchangeable protons are selectively saturated. (azooptics.com)
  • Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is another MR-based technique that probes functional characteristics of tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • DWI is an MR technique that depicts molecular diffusion, which is the Brownian motion of water protons in biologic tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • 16. Z. Luz and S. Meiboom, Rate and mechanism of proton exchange in aqueous solutions of phosphate buffer. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • 17. Z. Luz and S. Meiboom, Rate and mechanism of proton exchange in aqueous solutions of phenol-sodium phenolate buffer. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Co-insertion of protons happens widely and enables divalent-ion aqueous batteries to achieve high performances. (bvsalud.org)
  • This work provides an in-depth understanding of the proton co-insertion and may promote the development of rechargeable aqueous batteries. (bvsalud.org)
  • Under certain assumptions and approximations, the calculated proton diffusion constant in ice is 10 times larger than in water at 295 K, i.e. (tau.ac.il)
  • Gas diffusion layers (GDLs) have been developed to manage water as well as to promote gas distribution to the active catalyst regions in an attempt to obtain higher power density at all current density regions. (hawaii.edu)
  • 1. S. Meiboom, Z. Luz and D. Gill, Proton relaxation in water. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • 18. Z. Luz and S. Meiboom, The activation energy of proton transfer reactions in water. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • The white matter in nervous tissue mainly consists of long axons, typically a few microns diameter, surrounded by semi-permeable myelin sheath, which is a barrier for water diffusion. (europa.eu)
  • After the saturation has been transferred by proton exchange to water protons, imaging sensitivity is gradually increased by prolonged changes in the water signal. (azooptics.com)
  • Examination of molecular diffusion using DWI performs with an EPI (echo planar imaging) sequence and a linear regression after a logarithmic transformation of the signal intensity was used to calculate the ADC values [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • After administration, proton pump prodrugs reach stomach parietal cells and concentrate in acidic secretory canaliculi. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • Chloroquine transfers CQ2+ protons as the digestive vacuole is acidic. (vedantu.com)
  • The investigation of proton mobility within reverse micelles will further facilitate the understating of proton structural diffusion within nanoscopic volumes. (europa.eu)
  • The understanding of these processes via underlying interactions is of fundamental importance with applications covering microscopic descriptions of elementary proton transfer reactions, mechanisms of energy dissipation upon vibrational excitation and solvation dynamics in biological relevant crowded environments. (europa.eu)
  • From the nuclear reactions occurring due to the interaction of the proton beam with mater, a variety of radionuclides are produced and thermalized in the target material. (sckcen.be)
  • In the skeletal muscle, energy distribution has been proposed to occur through metabolite-facilitated diffusion, although genetic evidence has raised questions about the importance of this mode of distribution. (evolutionnews.org)
  • In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , which is widely applied for industrial bioethanol production, uptake of hexoses is mediated by transporters with a facilitated diffusion mechanism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In such environments, the high extracellular glucose concentration can drive the uptake of glucose by yeast cells via diffusion, which is exemplified by the occurrence of many hexose transporters with a facilitated diffusion mechanism in S. cerevisiae . (biomedcentral.com)
  • 13. Z. Luz and S. Meiboom, Proton relaxation in dilute solution of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) ions in methanol and the rate of methanol exchange of the solvation sphere. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • This work is devoted to the study of the pyroelectric effect on the properties of optical waveguides formed in a lithium niobate crystal by proton exchange. (mdpi.com)
  • Facilitated Diffusion = passive transport of small sugars such as glycerol through Permease (pore) along concentration gradients. (brainscape.com)
  • Phosphotransferase System (PTS) = Active diffusion of large sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose. (brainscape.com)
  • Pion-Proton Diffraction Scattering at Very Small Momentum Transfers ," with J. W. Moffat, Phys. (gatech.edu)
  • Contribution to the study of the diffusion α-proton for α par. (iaea.org)
  • Event analysis under X-ray illumination has been used to study the charge collection and charge diffusion in the sensors. (open.ac.uk)
  • The feasibility of amide proton transfer imaging at 3 T for bladder cancer: a preliminary study. (azooptics.com)
  • to metronidazole has been reported with In this study, epsilometer (E-test) varying degrees (20%-30%), reaching up to and disk diffusion methods were used to 70% in some European countries [ 2 ]. (who.int)
  • The results show no obvious charge collection degradation at 10 MeV equivalent proton fluence of up to 10 11 p/cm 2 . (open.ac.uk)
  • Recently, other functional imaging techniques such as MRI diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and CT perfusion imaging (CTP) have shown promise in detecting metastatic cervical LNs, and there is increasing experience in head and neck SCC. (hindawi.com)
  • Another aspect specific to ISOL@MYRRHA targets is the high intensity of the proton beam and its effects e.g. on the target's lifetime. (sckcen.be)
  • Some authors, studying the distribution in energy of the protons given out by a hydrogenated target submitted to a bombardment has variable energy, signal that this distribution has a structure of groups. (iaea.org)
  • This energy distribution network , which depends on conduction rather than diffusion , is potentially extremely rapid , thereby enabling muscle to respond almost instantaneously to new energy demands. (evolutionnews.org)
  • Rev. B 84 (2011) 054103] for microstructural evolution driven by repetitive diffusion events and coupled displacive-diffusive processes, and (c) a Markovian network statistical mechanical treatment of the energy-landscape basin connectivity and a formula for the viscosity of supercooled liquid and glass [PLoS ONE 6 (2011) e17909]. (aps.org)
  • In comparison with operating facilities (CERN-ISOLDE 1.4 GeV, TRIUMF-ISAC 0.5 GeV), the 100 MeV energy of the proton beam at ISOL@MYRRHA in phase 1 hinders some radionuclide production routes in the targets and opens new opportunities through the reduced production of impurities. (sckcen.be)
  • in the tunnels, the diffusion energy barrier of Mg2+ +H2 O is 2.7â eV, while that of the protons is 0.37â eV. (bvsalud.org)
  • A radiofrequency pulse is then applied, causing the axes of many protons to momentarily align against the field in a high-energy state. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The magnitude and rate of energy release that occurs as the protons resume this alignment (T1 relaxation) and as they wobble (precess) during the process (T2 relaxation) are recorded as spatially localized signal intensities by a coil (antenna) built within the MRI device. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 1971). Other methods that have been used include fluorometric, enzymatic, and proton activation analysis (Rudolph et al. (cdc.gov)
  • An analysis of the experimental data reveals that the proton diffusion constant in ice in the temperature range of 240-270 K is much larger than in the liquid state. (tau.ac.il)
  • Axial diffusion-weighted image reveals restricted diffusion in left medial temporal lobe consistent with herpes encephalitis. (medscape.com)
  • Mobility Diffusion and Clustering of K+ Ions in Gases," with G. M. Thomson, J. H. Schummers, D. R. James, E. Graham, M. R. Flannery and E. W. McDaniel, J. Chem. (gatech.edu)
  • Most effective drugs that reduce gastric acid secretion inhibit gastric H+, K+--ATPase (proton pump). (pharmacology2000.com)
  • shows a technique based on Amide Proton Transfer (APT) capable of imaging the pathophysiology of bladder cancer (BCa) causing tissue at the molecular level. (azooptics.com)
  • Modifying the surface of carbon nanotubes can also improve catalytic performance by facilitating the proton transfer through the catalyst layer. (anton-paar.com)
  • T he same group that discovered a curious discrepancy in measurements of the size of the proton, giving rise to the "proton radius puzzle," has now found a matching discrepancy in measurements of a nuclear particle called the deuteron. (nautil.us)
  • To ensure consistent and sufficient fluid transport before cell assembly and control flooding, use a vapor sorption analyzer to perform hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity measurements and determine the best gas diffusion layer composition. (anton-paar.com)
  • The harsh reality is that the proton radius is extremely hard to measure, making such a measurement error-prone. (nautil.us)
  • In anaerobic cultures, a higher ethanol yield can be achieved when transport of hexoses is proton-coupled, because of the lower net ATP yield of sugar dissimilation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As hundreds of papers have pointed out since the proton radius puzzle was born in 2010, a shrinking of the proton in the presence of a muon would most likely signify the existence of a previously unknown fundamental force - one that acts between protons and muons, but not between protons and electrons. (nautil.us)
  • Introduction of heterologous glucose- or fructose-proton symporters in an hxt 0 yeast background strain (derived from CEN.PK2-1C) restored growth on the corresponding sugar under aerobic conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To apply this strategy to increase the ethanol yield on sucrose, we constructed a platform strain in which all genes encoding hexose transporters, disaccharide transporters and disaccharide hydrolases were deleted, after which a combination of a glucose-proton symporter, fructose-proton symporter and extracellular invertase ( SUC2 ) were introduced. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On the basis of this data optimized protocols for diffusion weighted MRI on animal model of the injured spinal cord were elaborated and used during another projects aimed in assessment of the effects of neuroprotective drugs on spinal cord traumatic injury. (europa.eu)