Proton concentrations. Medical search. Frequent questions

We sought to develop a clinical workflow and uniquely capable custom software tool to integrate advanced 3-tesla 3D proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ( 1 H-MRSI) into industry standard image-guided neuronavigation systems, especially for use in brain tumor surgery. (karger.com)

In this figure, the yellow particles are orbital electrons, the blue particles are neutrons and the red particles are protons. (howstuffworks.com)
Inside every atom are three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons and electrons. (howstuffworks.com)
Protons and neutrons bind together to form the nucleus of the atom, while the electrons surround and orbit the nucleus. (howstuffworks.com)
Because the protons all have the same charge and would naturally repel one another, the neutrons act as 'glue' to hold the protons tightly together in the nucleus. (howstuffworks.com)
For example, if you combine 13 protons with 14 neutrons to create a nucleus and then spin 13 electrons around that nucleus, what you have is an aluminum atom. (howstuffworks.com)
The '27' is the atomic mass number, or the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus. (howstuffworks.com)
Atoms of both isotopes of copper have 29 protons, but a copper-63 atom has 34 neutrons while a copper-65 atom has 36 neutrons. (howstuffworks.com)
Activation-- The process of making a material radioactive by bombardment with neutrons or protons. (cdc.gov)
It is identical to a helium nucleus, i.e., 2 neutrons and two protons, with a mass number of 4 and an electrostatic charge of +2. (cdc.gov)
Alpha particle ( ionizing radiation ) - two neutrons and two protons bound as a single particle (a helium nucleus) that is emitted from the nucleus of certain radioactive isotopes in the process of disintegration. (cdc.gov)

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) decrease acid secretion by irreversibly binding to and inhibiting the H+-K+-ATPase pump on the gastric parietal cell surface. (medscape.com)
Avoid co-administration with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). (drugs.com)
Substantially reduced plasma concentrations of atazanavir are expected if PPIs are coadministered. (medscape.com)
A substituted benzimidazole (a compound that inhibits gastric acid secretion) is the active ingredient of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). (medscape.com)
My patient (from this past week) specifically asked about the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). (medscape.com)

Coadministration of alpelisib (BCRP substrate) with a BCRP inhibitor may increase alpelisib concentration, which may increase the risk of toxicities. (medscape.com)
Long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy produces elevated gastrin levels, which lead to enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia. (msdmanuals.com)

Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) is an analytical chemistry technique that uses gas phase hydronium reagent ions which are produced in an ion source. (wikipedia.org)
Knowing that the protein lets one hydrogen ion -- or proton -- into the cell for every zinc ion it sends out, the team suspected there was a hidden channel that opened up to allow the ions to switch places. (sciencedaily.com)
Compounds that when dissolved in water increase the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH). (environmentalchemistry.com)
Continuous oxygen binding curves for two arthropodan hemocyanins were performed at different pH values ranging from 7.0 to 8.7 and in the presence of physiological concentrations of the bivalent ions Ca2+ and Mg2+. (uni-regensburg.de)

Noninvasive measurement and imaging of liver iron concentrations using proton magnetic resonance. (bvsalud.org)

However, chemical exchange signals are dependent on both labile proton concentration and exchange rate (i.e., pH), so in the many preclinical and clinical applications where labile proton concentrations significantly change, these pH-weighted signals are considerably contaminated. (gitlab.io)
Correct interpretation of signal changes therefore requires an imaging method highly-sensitive to generation of pure pH contrast, with no dependence on labile proton concentration, as is proposed in this study. (gitlab.io)
persion also yields information about the zero-frequency dispersion in aqueous biopolymer gels is produced directly by dipolar contributions to transverse relaxation and steady- exchange-mediated orientational randomization of internal wa- state magnetization transfer and to the low-frequency di- ter molecules or labile biopolymer protons, with little or no role polar contribution to rotating-frame spin-lattice relaxation. (lu.se)

Here we show that flagellar secretion in Salmonella enterica requires the proton motive force (PMF) and does not require ATP hydrolysis by FliI. (nature.com)
These findings show that the flagellar secretion apparatus functions as a proton-driven protein exporter and that ATP hydrolysis is not essential for type III secretion. (nature.com)
Inhibits histamine stimulation of the H2 receptor in gastric parietal cells, which reduces gastric acid secretion, gastric volume, and hydrogen ion concentrations. (medscape.com)
Competitively inhibits histamine at H2 receptor of gastric parietal cells, resulting in reduced gastric acid secretion, gastric volume, and hydrogen ion concentrations. (medscape.com)
Suppresses gastric acid secretion by specific inhibition of the (H+, K+)-ATPase enzyme system (ie, proton pump) at the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cell. (medscape.com)
This enzyme, located in the apical secretory membrane of the parietal cell, plays a key role in the secretion of H+ (protons). (msdmanuals.com)

the correct determination of holes concentration is from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and angle-resolved photo emission spectroscopy (ARPES) experiments that multi-layered cuprate superconductors have non-uniform hole concentrations in each CuO2 plane. (researchgate.net)

Protons and electrons have opposite charges and therefore attract one another (electrons are negative and protons are positive, and opposite charges attract). (howstuffworks.com)
In most cases, the number of electrons and protons are the same for an atom (making the atom neutral in charge). (howstuffworks.com)

Outside the membrane is an abundance of protons, with a lower concentration inside the membrane, creating what is known as a concentration gradient. (sciencedaily.com)
The protons want to flow "down" this gradient into the cell, like water following gravity down a waterfall, says Fu. (sciencedaily.com)
By changing the ionic strength of aqueous solution, we quantitatively determine the proton concentration gradient. (confex.com)
As the gradient builds up, more and more energy is required to push protons across. (rice.edu)
Adding ADP in vitro , for example, opens up avenues for protons to be forced into the matrix, draining energy from the gradient. (rice.edu)

Their purpose in the nucleus is to bind protons together. (howstuffworks.com)
The number of protons in the nucleus determines the behavior of an atom. (howstuffworks.com)

The analysis revealed that in accordance with the postulations of the classical Monod-Wyman-Changeux model protons as allosteric effectors do not change the oxygen affinities of the four postulated conformations, but influence the allosteric equilibria between them at two different hierarchical levels. (uni-regensburg.de)

In pancreatic beta cells, high concentrations of zinc are found inside the packages of insulin that they produce, although its precise role there is unknown. (sciencedaily.com)

To be sure that the subjects con- low plasma gastrin concentrations and in- sumed sufficient dietary fibre, they ate an creased intragastric acidity [ 11,12 ]. (who.int)

Proposed functions of PMRS include maintenance of redox state in proteins, stimulation of cell growth, reduction of lipid hydroperoxides, recycling of α -tocopherol, reduction of ferric ion prior to iron uptake by a transferring-independent pathway, and the maintenance of the extracellular concentration of ascorbic acid [ 2 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Consistent with its function as lactate and proton exporter, MCT4 expression levels correlated inversely with extracellular pH and proportionally with extracellular lactate concentrations. (hindawi.com)
In line with this observation, elevated extracellular lactate concentrations up to 40 mM and corresponding low extracellular pH (pH e ) have been found in solid tumors under hypoxic conditions [ 18 - 22 ]. (hindawi.com)
In the present study, we examined the relationship between MCT4 expression, alterations in pH e , and extracellular lactate concentrations. (hindawi.com)

We employ a a single molecule fluorescence technique, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and UV-vis spectroscopy to quantitatively measure the local proton concentration, which is the local co-ion concentration in vicinity to the PAMAM dendrimes of 2.2-6.7 nm in diameter. (confex.com)

Peripheral chemoreceptors are extensions of the peripheral nervous system that respond to changes in blood molecule concentrations (such as oxygen or carbon dioxide) and help maintain cardiorespiratory homeostasis. (khanacademy.org)

APT is a relatively new MRI contrast technique in which exogenous or endogenous compounds that contain exchangeable protons are selectively saturated. (azooptics.com)

The sensitivity and dynamic range of the QIAseq Library Quant System were compared against Agilent's High Sensitivity DNA Kit, using two NGS libraries of differing concentrations. (qiagen.com)
By contrast, the QIAseq Library Quant Array was able to quantify both libraries (see figure The QIAseq Library Quant System enables quantification of libraries with concentrations below the detection limit of conventional methods The QIAseq Library Quant Array's high sensitivity and broad dynamic range enable the quantification of both the NGS-L1 and NGS-L2 libraries [A]. By contrast, Agilent's High Sensitivity DNA Kit (for use with the Agilent 2100 BioAnalyzer) quantified only the NGS-L1 library; with this kit, the NGS-L2 concentration was too low for quantification [B]. "> QIAseq Library Quant System enables quantification of libraries with concentrations below the detection limit of conventional methods ). (qiagen.com)
The high sensitivity of real-time PCR allows quantification of libraries at very low concentrations, even below the detection threshold of conventional spectrophotometric methods. (qiagen.com)
After the saturation has been transferred by proton exchange to water protons, imaging sensitivity is gradually increased by prolonged changes in the water signal. (azooptics.com)

Thus, when the central pocket of the transporter protein is open to the outside, a proton will bind to the pocket. (sciencedaily.com)
Concentrations of protein and acidity levels were changed and the impact on APT imaging was studied. (azooptics.com)
The APT detection results obtained by varying the protein concentrations and pH levels show an increased APT signal consistent with theory. (azooptics.com)

Daniel H, Spanier B, Kottra G, Weitz D (2006) From bacteria to man: archaic proton-dependent peptide transporters at work. (springer.com)
A proton-energy dependent introduction of defects is found, except for deep cluster-related defects. (dpg-verhandlungen.de)
Its antimicrobial activity is pH-dependent, with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) decreasing as the pH increases. (medscape.com)

The professional dilution system from IONICON enables shifting the dynamic range of the PTR-TOFMS instrument by four orders of magnitude, allowing even extremely high concentrations in the ENDS mainstream aerosol to be investigated in the absence of any saturation effects. (news-medical.net)
Thanks to the integrated dilution solution, which is fully electronically controlled via the PTR-TOFMS software high compound concentrations present in the exhaled breath after a mouth-hold maneuver (without inhalation) do not result in any saturation effects in the highly-sensitive PTR-TOFMS instrument. (news-medical.net)

A low plasma bicarbonate (HCO3-) concentration represents, by definition, metabolic acidosis, which may be primary or secondary to a respiratory alkalosis. (medscape.com)

Once it has released the proton, the pocket is free to bind to zinc. (sciencedaily.com)

Adsorption Coefficient (Koc)-- The ratio of the amount of a chemical adsorbed per unit surface area or per unit weight of organic carbon of a specific particle size in the soil or sediment to the concentration of the chemical in solution at equilibrium. (cdc.gov)

Proton motive force (PMF) is the force that promotes movement of protons across membranes downhill the electrochemical potential . (springer.com)

Proton pump inhibitors have replaced H2 blockers in most clinical situations because of efficacy. (msdmanuals.com)

When the protons move from a place of high concentration to low concentration, they generate a force like falling water does," he says. (sciencedaily.com)

The basic OH group at very high-field does not undergo splitting, supporting the assumption of proton exchange at the acidic OH sites. (researchgate.net)
Very low concentrations following inhalation of ENDS aerosol, as well as relatively high compound concentrations in exhaled breath (after mouth-hold maneuvers), can be quantified with a split-second time resolution. (news-medical.net)
They derive energy from the respiratory chain-driven reactions that develop high concentrations of protons within the intermembranous space of the mitochondria. (bvsalud.org)
More recent studies have focused on the biological activity of various extracts of cocoa or of waste materials from the chocolate industry, such as cocoa bean husk, which is known to contain high concentrations of polyphenols. (bvsalud.org)

A difference of solute concentration between two compartments separated by a biological membrane generates a tendency to equilibrium, which, in the case of protons, is called proton motive force (PMF). (springer.com)

What is the effect on 1H MAS NMR of proton exchange with humidity at a metal oxide surface? (researchgate.net)
What happens to the 1H resonances when a proton exchange starts to take place at the surface of metal oxides? (researchgate.net)
But I cannot understand why such a splitting occurs if it is simply the protons being exchange between H2O in the immediate surrounding and the OH at the surface. (researchgate.net)

The role of protons as allosteric effectors of the oxygen binding was analysed in terms of the nesting model, which assumes hierarchies of allosteric equilibria that are based on obvious structural hierarchies. (uni-regensburg.de)

Increased plasma concentrations of ranolazine which may increase the potential for serious and/or life-threatening reactions (see section 4.5). (who.int)

Pethidine, piroxicam, Increased plasma concentrations of norpethidine, propoxyphene piroxicam and propoxyphene, thereby, increasing the risk of serious respiratory depression or haematologic abnormalities, or other serious adverse effects from these agents. (who.int)
Astemizole, terfenadine Increased plasma concentrations of astemizole and terfenadine. (who.int)
Loss of bicarbonate stores through diarrhea or renal tubular wasting leads to a metabolic acidosis state characterized by increased plasma chloride concentration and decreased plasma bicarbonate concentration. (medscape.com)
Primary metabolic acidoses that occur as a result of a marked increase in endogenous acid production (eg, lactic or keto acids) or progressive accumulation of endogenous acids when excretion is impaired by renal insufficiency are characterized by decreased plasma bicarbonate concentration and increased anion gap without hyperchloremia. (medscape.com)
A normal AG acidosis is characterized by a lowered bicarbonate concentration, which is counterbalanced by an equivalent increase in plasma chloride concentration. (medscape.com)

Proton pump inhibitors are used to decrease stomach acid. (medlineplus.gov)
Taking blessed thistle might decrease the effects of proton pump inhibitors. (medlineplus.gov)

A better understanding of the relationships between soil pH, organic matter content (SOM), microbial community, soil P content and the plant strategies to mobilize it, as well as plant effects on the soil solution concentrations of Mn, is important for the management of these systems. (intechopen.com)

If the transporter proteins malfunction, zinc concentrations can reach toxic levels. (sciencedaily.com)

shows a technique based on Amide Proton Transfer (APT) capable of imaging the pathophysiology of bladder cancer (BCa) causing tissue at the molecular level. (azooptics.com)
Absorption Ratio, Differential-- Ratio of concentration of a nuclide in a given organ or tissue to the concentration that would be obtained if the same administered quantity of this nuclide were uniformly distributed throughout the body. (cdc.gov)

The first library was quantifiable by both systems, but the low concentration of the second library was below the detection limit of Agilent's 2100 BioAnalyzer. (qiagen.com)

The different concentrations of the metabolites examined and their role in the biochemical profile of different types of tumors are discussed. (nih.gov)
The role of protons. (uni-regensburg.de)

Accuracy - the ability of an analytical method to measure the true concentration of a contaminant ( see bias, precision ). (cdc.gov)
Blanks - samples containing extremely low concentrations of a contaminant , which are used to assess contamination from laboratory equipment and other steps in an analytical procedure. (cdc.gov)

In each case, measurements of area concentrations were transformed to emission rates by using appropriate mass balance models in conjunction with measured ventilation rates. (cdc.gov)
In addition source activities such as area plated, amp hours consumed, and total power usage were recorded simultaneously with concentration measurements. (cdc.gov)

RÉSUMÉ Des méthodes non-invasives de haute précision sont nécessaires pour l'évaluation de la concentration en fer dans les organes des patients atteints de thalassémie. (who.int)
L'évaluation systématique de la concentration de fer dans le foie et le coeur à l'aide de l'IRM pondérée en T2* semble produire une meilleure évaluation de la présence d'une hémosidérose chez les patients atteints de thalassémie. (who.int)

The stimulus (O2, CO2, PH) depolarizes the cell membrane blocking K channels, this reduction in cell membrane potential opens voltage gated Calcium channels and the increase in Calcium concentration causes exocytosis of vesicles containing neurotransmitters. (khanacademy.org)

Nowadays, the knowledge of radiation-induced bulk defects and their effects on the sensor properties are especially limited after proton irradiation. (dpg-verhandlungen.de)

Electrochemical techniques like adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry with competitive ligand equilibration (ACSV-CLE) can determine total concentrations of marine organic ligands and their conditional binding constants for specific metals, but cannot identify them. (frontiersin.org)
however, current spectrophotometric methods only measure total nucleic acid concentrations. (qiagen.com)

This is measured in terms of the potential energy resulting from the difference in concentration between the two compartments. (springer.com)
With a charged solute, the potential has two components: the chemical (concentration) and the electrical potentials, (Fig. 1 ) thus, it is named electrochemical potential. (springer.com)

As most components of ambient air possess a lower proton affinity than H2O (e.g. (wikipedia.org)

The energy needed to push protons out of the matrix and into the intermembrane space comes from the oxidation of either reduced NAD (NADH) or reduced FAD (FADH2). (rice.edu)
When the amount of energy required to push protons reaches 69.5 kJ/mole, electron transport has to stop. (rice.edu)

Chemicals and Drugs5

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes4

Advanced 3-tesla1

Neutrons10

PPIs5

Inhibitor2

Ions4

Iron concentrations1

Labile3

Secretion6

Magnetic resonance1

Electrons2

Gradient5

Nucleus2

Affinities1

Pancreatic1

Gastrin1

Extracellular4

Quantitatively1

Molecule1

Compounds1

Sensitivity4

Protein3

Dependent3

Saturation2

Definition1

Bind1

Particle1

Promotes1

Clinical1

Falling water1

High4

Equilibrium1

Exchange3

Oxygen1

Reactions1

Plasma5

Decrease2

Soil1

Proteins1

Tissue2

Detection1

Role2

Analytical2

Measurements2

Patients2

Increase1

Effects1

Total2

Potential2

Lower1

Push2