PhotonsProtonsProton TherapyScintillation CountingParticle AcceleratorsRadiotherapy, High-EnergyRadiometryRadiotherapy Planning, Computer-AssistedRadiotherapy DosageMonte Carlo MethodPlasticsRadiotherapy, ConformalRadiation DosagePhantoms, ImagingRelative Biological EffectivenessRadiotherapy, Intensity-ModulatedEquipment Failure AnalysisProton PumpsEquipment DesignHeavy Ion RadiotherapyOrgans at RiskNeutronsChordomaCone-Beam Computed TomographyScattering, RadiationDose-Response Relationship, RadiationLinear Energy TransferRadiotherapyRadiation InjuriesSkull NeoplasmsEye EnucleationUveal NeoplasmsHeavy IonsProton Pump InhibitorsParanasal Sinus NeoplasmsPolystyrenesWaterTomography, Emission-Computed, Single-PhotonInduction ChemotherapyDose FractionationMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyReproducibility of ResultsTomography, X-Ray ComputedNose NeoplasmsGamma RaysLasersHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationComputer SimulationSynchrotronsElectronsX-RaysBrachytherapyLightLiver NeoplasmsProstatic NeoplasmsRetrospective StudiesProton-Motive ForceTransducersComputer-Aided DesignTreatment OutcomeCarcinoma, HepatocellularThermoluminescent DosimetryOptics and PhotonicsElementary ParticlesMelanomaRadiographic Image EnhancementRadiobiologyRadiation ProtectionImage Processing, Computer-AssistedAlgorithmsRadiotherapy, Computer-AssistedRadiography, DentalNeoplasmsBacteriorhodopsinsKineticsMicroscopy, Fluorescence, MultiphotonFiducial MarkersIonsCarbonOptical ProcessesSensitivity and SpecificityArtifactsRadiotherapy, Image-GuidedImaging, Three-DimensionalX-Ray TherapyFour-Dimensional Computed TomographyTomography Scanners, X-Ray ComputedTime FactorsFilm DosimetryModels, TheoreticalProton-Translocating ATPasesAspartic AcidCalibrationModels, BiologicalPatient PositioningModels, MolecularSemiconductorsOptical DevicesLensesRadiopharmaceuticals