Proto oncogenes in human cancers. Medical search. Frequent questions

The binding activity expressed in embryos was apparently unrelated to human DNA repair damage-recognition proteins XPA、RPA-70 and RPA-32, since those polypeptides recognized by an anti-human XPA、RPA-70 and RPA-32 antibody were detected only in 84-h-old zebrafish extracts. (ncl.edu.tw)
When protooncogenes are altered or amplification occurs as a result of DNA damage (such as carcinogen exposure), the proteins produced by these genes might affect the cell's development, proliferation, and survival, potentially leading to the creation of a malignant tumour. (alliedacademies.org)
The role of proto-oncogenes in normal cell growth and differentiation, as well as the idea that oncogene proteins could be used as new targets for cancer chemotherapy, are both current research topics that are direct outgrowths of Howard's important contributions to cancer research. (alliedacademies.org)
In addition, numerous important cellular proteins, such as B-cell lymphoma-2 homologous antagonist/killer, Myc proto-oncogene protein, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B, DNA replication licensing factor MCM-7, retinoblastoma 1 and Annexin A1, are degenerated through the UBE3A-mediated ubiquitin proteasome pathway ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)" by people in this website by year, and whether "Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)

The transcription factor FOSL1 (also known as Fra-1), which is found in basal-like breast cancers but not in the luminal subtype, stimulated the transcription of miR-221/222, and the abundance of these miRNAs decreased with inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or MEK (mitogen-activated or extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase kinase), placing miR-221/222 downstream of the RAS pathway. (nih.gov)
Small-molecule inhibitors, antagonistic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), bispecific antibodies or biologics (bsAbs) and chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-Ts) targeting Notch signaling components have been developed as investigational anti-cancer drugs ( 10 - 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
HER2/neu (also called ERB B2 ) is the gene that encodes the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2. (cancerquest.org)
Our results also imply that TrkB receptor may be a novel therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer. (duke.edu)
Expression analyses of epidermal growth factor receptor and HER-2/neu: no advantage of prediction of recurrence or survival in breast cancer patients. (thieme-connect.de)
Conventional treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) uses androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) to inhibit androgen receptor (AR) signaling-driven tumor progression. (duke.edu)
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is a proto-oncogene that encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor belonging to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. (ucdavis.edu)
In the era of precision medicine, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the important predictive and prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer. (ucdavis.edu)
Li Q, Cao Z, Zhao S. The Emerging Portrait of Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor Family Receptor Alpha (GFRα) in Cancers. (medsci.org)
The overexpression of miRNA‑375 significantly suppressed the levels of protein expression of ubiquitin‑protein ligase E3A (UBE3A) and Insulin‑like growth factor‑1 receptor (IGF‑1R) in HPV‑18(+) cervical cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)

Canonical Notch signaling activates the transcription of BMI1 proto‑oncogene polycomb ring finger, cyclin D1, CD44, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, hes family bHLH transcription factor 1, hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1, MYC, NOTCH3, RE1 silencing transcription factor and transcription factor 7 in a cellular context‑dependent manner, while non‑canonical Notch signaling activates NF‑κB and Rac family small GTPase 1. (spandidos-publications.com)
The overexpression of miRNA‑375 significantly increased caspase‑3 and caspase‑9 activities, induced B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2)/Bcl‑2‑associated X protein, tumor protein 53 and cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor 1 protein expression and suppressed cyclin D1 and survivin protein expression in HPV‑18(+) cervical cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)

The 2015 Burkitt Medal was awarded to Riccardo Dalla-Favera, Professor of Pathology & Cell Biology, Director, Institute for Cancer Genetics at Columbia University, New York, USA, at a celebratory dinner on September 15th 2015 as part of Cancer Week Ireland events at Trinity College Dublin. (tcd.ie)
Earlier in the day Professor Dalla-Favera gave the Burkitt Lecture "Molecular Genetics of Aggressive B Cell Lymphoma: from the Burkitt Translocation to Genome Sequencing" as a key-note talk at the Cancer Drug Discovery Day at Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute. (tcd.ie)
He is also the Director of the Institute for Cancer Genetics. (tcd.ie)
A whole new area of cancer genetics opened up. (laskerfoundation.org)
6 Bishop J M. The molecular genetics of cancer. (thieme-connect.de)
In RIT's biotechnology and molecular biology degree you'll improve human health by harnessing technology advancements and biomolecular processes to research and develop technologies in genetics, agriculture, pharmaceuticals and vaccine development, environment and energy, forensic science, genetic counseling, and more. (rit.edu)

Gene ontology (GO) analysis suggested platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGFA) and proto-oncogene, Serine/Threonine kinase Raf-1 (RAF1) as new CRC candidate markers in CTCs and TDEs. (researchsquare.com)

As stated in the introduction to this section, the defective versions of these genes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. (cancerquest.org)
The BRAF gene belongs to a class of genes known as oncogenes. (medlineplus.gov)

3 Baselga J, Norton L, Albanell J, Kim Y M, Mendelsohn J. Recombinant humanized anti-HER2 antibody (Herceptin) enhances the antitumor activity of paclitaxel and doxorubicin against HER2/neu overexpressing human breast cancer xenografts. (thieme-connect.de)
An instance of an oncogene is the HER2 gene, which creates the HER2 protein. (alliedacademies.org)
Some breast cancer and ovarian cancer cells include the HER2 oncogene. (alliedacademies.org)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma, using HER2/ErbB2 (29D8) Rabbit mAb. (cellsignal.com)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma using HER2/ErbB2 (29D8) RmAb in the presence of control peptide (left) or HER2/ErbB2 Blocking Peptide #1059 (right). (cellsignal.com)

Phase III clinical trials of Rova‑T for patients with small‑cell lung cancer and a phase III clinical trial of nirogacestat for patients with desmoid tumors are ongoing. (spandidos-publications.com)
p53, mdm-2, p21, and mib-1 expression were assessed by immunohistochemical methods in primary tumors derived from 134 patients who took part in a randomized multicenter trial comparing docetaxel to sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (MF) in advanced breast cancer. (lu.se)
In contrast to other cancers such as adenocarcinomas of the lung or melanoma, primary brain tumors like GB and low grade gliomas (LGG) are known as rather immunologically "cold" tumors, typically with low numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) ( 4 ), and the mere amount of TILs is not associated with patient survival ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Tumors form often when oncogenic expression is induced by tissue-specific promoters in genetically modified mouse models, but they regress when the inducing stimulus is turned off, implying that oncogenes are cancer's Achilles' heel (allowing the body to target the disease). (alliedacademies.org)
How do tumors escape dependence on oncogenes? (stanford.edu)
Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body, forming new tumors. (mentalhelp.net)
Herein, we wondered whether circular RNAs (circRNAs), a type of RNA transcripts lacking 5′-3′ ends and forming closed loops that are gaining relevance in cancer biology, are also a target of epigenetic inactivation in tumors. (oncotarget.com)
Data mining for 5′-end CpG island methylation of TUSC3, ATRNL1, POMT1 and SAMD4A in cancer cell lines and primary tumors showed that the epigenetic defect was commonly observed among different tumor types in association with the diminished expression of the corresponding transcript. (oncotarget.com)
The Working Group concluded that the animal mammary tumors associated with exposure to atrazine involve a non-DNA-reactive, hormonally mediated mechanism that is not relevant to humans. (who.int)
Hypopharyngeal cancer is a term used for tumors of a subsite of the upper aerodigestive tract, and like most other subsite designations, the distinction is anatomic rather than pathophysiologic within the group of head and neck malignancies. (medscape.com)

This gene was initially identified as a homolog of the feline sarcoma viral oncogene v-kit and is often referred to as proto-oncogene c-Kit. (nih.gov)
The Effect of the Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (Kras) Proto-Oncogene, GTPase Genetic Polymorphism on the Safety and Efficacy of Bevacizumab Combination Treatment Regimens for Patients with Nonsquamous, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Brain Metastases. (cdc.gov)

ABSTRACT There is growing evidence that dietary antioxidants may have favourable effects in reducing cancer risk. (who.int)

The cellular sarcoma gene (SRC) is a proto-oncogene encoding for a tyrosine kinase. (jcancer.org)

We conclude that by promoting EMT, miR-221/222 may contribute to the more aggressive clinical behavior of basal-like breast cancers. (nih.gov)

In breast cancer patients, it is unclear whether measuring p53, mdm-2, or p21 expression provides information on how patients will respond to chemotherapy. (lu.se)
To further confirm, the expression of candidate genes was investigated in exosomes derived from the parental HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line (HT-29-EXOs), and cancer stem cells (CSCs) -enriched spheroids (CSC-EXOs) derived thereof. (researchsquare.com)
Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: To identify the genes involved in pancreatic cancer metastasis, we analyzed the gene expression profiles between highly metastatic Colo357L3.6pl and parental Colo357FG pancreatic cancer cell lines using cDNA microarrays and confirmed differential gene expression by reverse transcription-PCR, Western blotting, and immunologic analysis of 54 samples from pancreatic cancer patients. (duke.edu)
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that overexpression of TrkB and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and AP-1, which may in turn induce the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin 8, may mediate the cardinal clinical features of locally aggressive growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. (duke.edu)
The aim of this study was to examine whether Annexin A2 and S100A10 expression can be used as prognostic markers for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). (cancerindex.org)
2 Barnes D M, Lammie G A, Millis R R, Gullick W L, Allen D S, Altman D G. An immunohistochemical evaluation of c-erbB-2 expression in human breast carcinoma. (thieme-connect.de)
12 Göhring U J, Aslan-Schadwinkel Y, Scharl A. Expression of the p185neu oncoprotein indicates an unfavorable prognosis in small, node negative breast cancer without systemic adjuvant treatment (T1N0). (thieme-connect.de)
Expression of the bcl-2 oncogene protein is not specific for the 14;18 chromosomal translocation. (bdbiosciences.com)
All of this research has demonstrated that oncogene expression is essential not just for cancer development but also for disease maintenance, keeping oncogenes in the spotlight as important anti-cancer treatment targets. (alliedacademies.org)
Completely unregulated expression of oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes has been studied extensively in tumour growth for centuries. (alliedacademies.org)
Oncogene expression and their possible function in immune cell abnormalities during carcinogenesis and tumour growth, however, have not even been adequately investigated [ 4 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
We examined blood HGF concentration, c-met expression, and postoperative prognosis of 25 cases of primary resected, non-small cell lung cancer. (go.jp)
Using the tet system, we have shown that cancers caused by the conditional over-expression of the MYC proto-oncogene regress with its inactivation. (stanford.edu)
However, abnormal expression or aberrant activation of these molecules may convert normal growth signals to undesirable signals inducing overgrowth, becoming an important contributor to a variety of human cancers. (medsci.org)
High SRC expression in rectal cancer seems to be associated with a better long-term outcome. (jcancer.org)
Previous studies have identified that UBE3A exhibits abnormal expression in numerous tumor cells, including prostate, cervical and breast cancer ( 6 , 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
To tackle this issue, we have used cancer cells genetically deficient for the DNA methyltransferase enzymes in conjuction with circRNA expression microarrays. (oncotarget.com)

However, identifying the specific content of Ev's roles in colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis or prognosis requires further validation by bioinformatics and clinical investigations. (researchsquare.com)
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked as third in both incidence and mortality rates among cancers worldwide and the incidence rate is rapidly increasing in developing countries. (researchsquare.com)
(3) . Although cancer can develop anywhere in the body, some types of cancer are more common than others, including breast cancer , lung cancer , colorectal cancer , prostate cancer , and bladder cancer. (mentalhelp.net)
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cause of cancer death in both men and women in the United States [1]. (ucdavis.edu)
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent cancers in the western world. (jcancer.org)
Clinical efficacy of sequential treatments in KRASG12C-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer: findings from a real-life multicenter Italian study (CRC-KR GOIM). (cdc.gov)
Dynamic changes in RAS gene status in circulating tumour DNA: a phase II trial of first-line FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab for RAS-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (JACCRO CC-11). (cdc.gov)

The human body has nearly 1013 cells. (cdc.gov)
Notch signaling cascades crosstalk with fibroblast growth factor and WNT signaling cascades in the tumor microenvironment to maintain cancer stem cells and remodel the tumor microenvironment. (spandidos-publications.com)
We explored molecular markers shared between TDEs and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of cancer patients to identify candidate genes involved in CRC metastasis. (researchsquare.com)
Tumor-derived EV modulates cellular activities in recipient cells by transferring genetic information from cancer cells. (researchsquare.com)
In normal cells, both internal and external signals control the activity of the oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
NK cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance not only by their direct natural cytotoxicity which is triggered rapidly upon stimulation through germline-encoded cell surface receptors, but also by modulating T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses through maintaining the quality of dendritic cells and enhancing the presentation of tumor antigens. (frontiersin.org)
At a time when the idea that cancer had a genetic basis was widely disbelieved, Nowell's results provided the first clear evidence that a particular genetic defect in a single chromosome can lead to a population or clone of identical cells that accumulate in numbers to form a deadly malignancy. (laskerfoundation.org)
The tiny Philadelphia chromosome became a clear and consistent marker of CML, a cancer of the myeloid or bone marrow cells, with broad implications for diagnosis and prognosis of disease. (laskerfoundation.org)
Scholars@Duke publication: Overexpression of tropomysin-related kinase B in metastatic human pancreatic cancer cells. (duke.edu)
The two scientists found that genes in cancer-causing retroviruses are closely related to genes in normal, non-cancerous cells of many different organisms. (nih.gov)
Varmus began his extended collaboration with Bishop in 1970 at the University of California at San Francisco, where over the next decade the two showed that normal cells carried within them the seeds of cancer in the form of genes they called proto-oncogenes. (nih.gov)
This novel cancer model is consistent with the fact that, in human malignancies, all malignant cells carry the same beginning oncogenic genetic mutations, regardless of cellular heterogeneity within the tumour [ 1 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
The discovery that oncogenes are mutated forms of normal cell genes (proto-oncogenes) drew attention to proto-oncogenes' roles in normal cells and the nature of the molecular changes that turn proto-oncogenes into oncogenes [ 2 , 3 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
Despite the fact that proto-oncogenes are expressed in all cells, including immune cells, abnormalities in proto-oncogenes have been thoroughly characterised and analysed mostly in tumour cells. (alliedacademies.org)
We have developed model systems whereby we can conditionally activate oncogenes in normal human and mouse cells in tissue culture or in specific tissues of transgenic mice. (stanford.edu)
This implies that E6 and E7 may be the oncogenic genes of HPV-16 and play an important role in the carcinogenesis of human cervical epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
When mutated, oncogenes have the potential to cause normal cells to become cancerous. (medlineplus.gov)
CNT-transformed human lung bronchial epithelial cells exhibited elevated cancer hallmarks, proto-oncogene signaling, and evidence of cancer stem-like cells, consistent with known lung cancer signaling and established clinical biomarkers. (cdc.gov)
Results: Here we identified miR-503, miR-103, and miR-494 as negative regulators of proliferation in primary human cells. (utexas.edu)
Cell proliferation is a fundamental biological process, and the ability of human cells to transition from a quiescent to proliferative state is essential for tissue homeostasis. (utexas.edu)
Tumor initiation and progression often involve the dysregulation of developmentally important genes in cancer cells, endowing them with stem cell-like features such as enhanced self-renewal, invasiveness, and an aberrant differentiation state [ 1 ]. (nature.com)
We previously reported a MYC-centered regulatory network in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells that accounts for the similarity between the ES cells and cancer cells, and is associated with a worse prognosis in cancer, including cancers of the breast [ 20 ]. (nature.com)
Despite ZNF148 being an established node of the MYC-network in ES cells, and the significance of MYC in driving cancer stem cells traits, the role of ZNF148 in breast cancer remains elusive. (nature.com)
Stem Cells and Cancer. (iiarjournals.org)
In particular, the present invention provides methods for enhancing the effectiveness of chemotherapy by inducing differential stress resistance in normal cells and cancer cells via short-term starvation, cell growth inhibitors, or reduced caloric or glucose intake. (justia.com)
Until recently, the treatment of cancer has been largely focused on the development of therapeutic agents or techniques that kill cancer cells. (justia.com)
The present invention provides a novel approach to cancer therapy by providing a method to differentially enhance the resistance of normal cells to chemotherapeutic agents, thereby, improving the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents in killing cancerous cells. (justia.com)
Firstly, the overexpression of miRNA‑375 significantly suppressed cell proliferation, increased lactate dehydrogenase activity and induced apoptosis in HPV‑18(+) cervical cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
To conclude, it was identified that the probable anti‑CA mechanism of miRNA‑375 modulates HPV through the UBE3A and IGF‑1R pathway in cervical cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
UBE3A is associated with cervical cancer and may combine with the E6 proto-oncogene encoded by HPV16 within cervical cancer cells to form the E6/E6-AP protein complex through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
There is emerging evidence indicating that the PcG complexes are indispensable for sustaining stem cell activity and cancer stem cells. (karger.com)
Many factors are involved in causing and permitting the unregulated proliferation of cells that occurs in cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
Overview of Cancer Cancer is an unregulated proliferation of cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Cancer cells, particularly those arising from the bone marrow or lymphatic system, may have a short generation time, and there usually are a smaller percentage of cells in G0 (resting phase). (msdmanuals.com)
A subpopulation of cells within a cancer has the properties of stem cells. (msdmanuals.com)
A cancer may release cells into the circulation at a very early stage of development. (msdmanuals.com)
Circulating cancer cells are present in many patients with advanced cancer and even in some with localized disease. (msdmanuals.com)
Although most circulating cancer cells die, an occasional cell may penetrate into tissues, generating a metastasis at a distant site. (msdmanuals.com)
Experiments suggest that the abilities to invade, migrate, and successfully implant and stimulate new blood vessel growth are all important properties of the cells that cause metastases, which are likely a subpopulation of the primary cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
Cancer cells often present neoantigens on their cell surface that can be detected as "non-self" by the immune system, resulting in an attack by the immune system. (msdmanuals.com)
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a nonmelanocytic skin cancer (ie, an epithelial tumor) that arises from basal cells (ie, small, round cells found in the lower layer of the epidermis). (medscape.com)

Germline mutations in the NOTCH1 , NOTCH2 and NOTCH3 genes cause Adams-Oliver syndrome, Alagille syndrome and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, respectively ( 4 ), and DLL4-NOTCH3 signaling in human vascular organoids induces basement membrane thickening and drives vasculopathy in the diabetic microenvironment ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Different cancer types tend to depend on a limited number of 'driver' oncogene mutations. (cancerquest.org)
These mutations are the main changes that make the cancer progress. (cancerquest.org)
ALL cancers have lots of additional changes, the so-called 'passenger' mutations, that may contribute to the cancer, but are not the main genes. (cancerquest.org)
With his long time collaborator, J. Michael Bishop, Varmus developed a new theory of the origin of cancer, which holds that the disease arises from mutations in certain of our own normal genes. (nih.gov)
Yet, under particular conditions - for example, events during cell division or the rearrangement of chromosomes, as well as external influences like viruses, cigarette smoke, and radiation - they can accumulate mutations that prompt the cell to divide indefinitely, the hallmark of cancer. (nih.gov)
To begin with, mutations are important in transforming proto oncogenes to oncogenes and inactivating tumour suppressor genes. (alliedacademies.org)
(6) Therefore, the main cause of cancer is genetic mutations that interfere with the normal cell cycle. (mentalhelp.net)
Mutations in these genes may cause chromosomal changes that lead to cancer. (mentalhelp.net)
With the advent of NGS technique, the explosion of NGS data generated from the tumor tissues help researchers identify driver mutations in cancer-related genes, but relatively less attention is paid to the SNP data in healthy human populations when studying cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
By simply dividing the human genes into cancer-related genes and other genes, we compared the features of nonsynonymous, synonymous and nonsense mutations in these two gene sets from multiple aspects. (biomedcentral.com)
We provided lines of evidence that the nonsynonymous, synonymous and nonsense mutations in cancer-related genes undergo stronger purifying selection when compared to the expected pattern in other genes. (biomedcentral.com)
The synonymous SNPs, after excluding those in splicing regions, exhibit preferred changes in codon usage and higher codon frequencies in cancer-related genes compared to other genes, indicating the constraint exerted on these mutations. (biomedcentral.com)
Nonsense mutations are less frequent and located closer to stop codons in cancer-related genes than in other genes, which putatively minimize their deleterious effects. (biomedcentral.com)
Our study demonstrated the evolutionary constraint on mutations in CDS of cancer-related genes without the requirement of data from cancer tissues or patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Our work provides novel perspectives on interpreting the constraint on mutations in cancer-related genes. (biomedcentral.com)
We reveal extra constraint on synonymous mutations in cancer-related genes which is related to codon usage bias and is in addition to the splicing effect. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, it is comparably important to study the role of synonymous mutations that affect the codon usage bias in cancer-related genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Together with the evidence of splicing changes, the profile of the consequences caused by synonymous mutations in cancers would be clarified. (biomedcentral.com)

c-erbB-2 protein overexpression in breast cancer is a risk factor in patients with involved and uninvolved lymph nodes. (thieme-connect.de)

His career started with his pioneering work on the cloning and chromosomal mapping of human proto-oncogenes, including c-MYC. (tcd.ie)
It would be more than a decade before other cancers were found to be associated with other, consistent chromosomal abnormalities. (laskerfoundation.org)

ADCs and CAR‑Ts could alter the therapeutic framework for refractory cancers, especially diffuse‑type gastric cancer, ovarian cancer and pancreatic cancer with peritoneal dissemination. (spandidos-publications.com)

Our laboratory investigates how oncogenes initiate and sustain tumorigenesis. (stanford.edu)
How do oncogenes initiate tumorigenesis? (stanford.edu)
Recent expansion of this approach to nano-sized metal oxides suggested that in vitro human cell models have potential as a useful tumorigenesis screening tool. (cdc.gov)
Further bioinformatics analysis implicated miR-503 and DDHD2 in breast cancer tumorigenesis. (utexas.edu)

Third, reverse transcription is responsible for the insertion of oncogenes into retroviral genomes as well as some proto-oncogene and tumour suppressor gene alterations in non-virus induced cancers. (alliedacademies.org)
Introduction: The human Pituitary Tumor Transforming Gene (hPTTG) is a phosphorylated proto-oncogene induced in multiple tumour types. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

However, Notch signaling is inactivated in small‑cell lung cancer and squamous cell carcinomas. (spandidos-publications.com)
The degree of activation and the underlying biochemical mechanism differs between variants in the three RAS genes, with the KRAS isoform being the most commonly disrupted in human carcinomas [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Annexin A2 and S100A10 as Candidate Prognostic Markers in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. (cancerindex.org)
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the 5th most common cancer among European women. (cancerindex.org)
Prognostic values of S100 family members in ovarian cancer patients. (cancerindex.org)
While the prognostic value of each individual S100 in ovarian cancer is still elusive. (cancerindex.org)
In current study, we investigated the prognostic value of S100 family members in the ovarian cancer. (cancerindex.org)
At the time of the previous IARC evaluation of atrazine (Vol. 73, 1999), the most relevant epidemiologic studies consisted of two cohort studies of manufacturing workers, three population-based case-control studies of lymphatic and hematopoietic malignancies in agricultural areas of the U.S., and a population-based case-control study of ovarian cancer in a rice-growing area of Italy. (who.int)

In 1989, Varmus and Bishop shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes. (nih.gov)

1 Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Cancer Cell Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. (nih.gov)
For incisive studies in patient-oriented research that paved the way for identifying genetic alterations that cause cancer in humans and that allow for cancer diagnosis in patients at the molecular level. (laskerfoundation.org)
The surprising discovery that cancer-causing genes, or oncogenes, are versions of normal cellular genes suggests a common molecular mechanism for the many different types of cancer. (nih.gov)
Howard's concept for the origin of cancer genes (who had properly anticipated many parts of current understanding of the molecular modifications necessary for the formation of malignant tumours) has proven correct on all three major elements. (alliedacademies.org)
The treatment options for patients with prostate cancer include traditional surgery, external beam therapy, hormone therapy, small molecular drug and cryosurgery. (scirp.org)
There are well-known molecular mechanisms and their pathogenesis, which provide potential targets for drug screening on the prostate cancer. (scirp.org)
These indicate that small molecular drug is a very efficient way and can be used for prostate cancer treatment. (scirp.org)
T. Chan, H. Harn, T. Chiou and S. Lin, "Developing New Small Molecular Drugs for Prostate Cancer Therapy," Journal of Cancer Therapy , Vol. 4 No. 4A, 2013, pp. 86-90. (scirp.org)
Consequently, in order to develop effective targeted therapy, there is a pressing need to identify all molecular regulators that define cancer stem cell traits in TNBC. (nature.com)

Cancer Genet Cytogenet. (wikipedia.org)
Cancer Genet Cytogenet 149:169-172 (2004). (karger.com)

In the absence of doxycycline, tTA dimers bind specifically to a concatamer of seven tetO sequences (7X tet-o) and activate oncogene transcription from the minimal TATA promoter. (stanford.edu)
The MYC proto-oncogene is a transcription factor essential in stem/progenitor cell maintenance and differentiation [ 11 ]. (nature.com)

Conclusions: Our results provide an extensive genome wide set of targets for miR-503, miR-103, and miR-494, and suggest that miR-503 may act as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer by its direct non-canonical targeting of DDHD2. (utexas.edu)
Mechanistically, we identified the Inhibitor of DNA binding 1 and 3 ( ID1, ID3 ), drivers of cancer stemness and plasticity, as previously uncharacterized targets of transcriptional repression by ZNF148. (nature.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)

Notch signaling is aberrantly activated in breast cancer, non‑small‑cell lung cancer and hematological malignancies, such as T‑cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma. (spandidos-publications.com)
Second, both strongly transforming retroviruses and non-virus induced malignancies, including human cancers, contain comparable oncogenes. (alliedacademies.org)
As in other head and neck cancer sites, more than 95% of hypopharyngeal malignancies arise from the epithelium of the mucosa and, therefore, are squamous cell cancers. (medscape.com)

A Multicenter Retrospective Chart Review of Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With KRAS G12C Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. (uchicago.edu)
Neighborhood disadvantage is associated with KRAS-mutated non-small cell lung cancer risk. (uchicago.edu)
Gain-of-function variants in KRAS are commonly found in human cancers. (biomedcentral.com)

Varmus and Bishop's discovery gave a brilliant new insight into the genetic basis of cancer, of cell growth and differentiation, and of evolution," says Donald A.B. Lindberg, M.D., Director of the National Library of Medicine. (nih.gov)
Scholars@Duke publication: Targeting PKLR/MYCN/ROMO1 signaling suppresses neuroendocrine differentiation of castration-resistant prostate cancer. (duke.edu)
Global transcriptome and chromatin occupancy analyses of ZNF148 revealed a central role in inhibiting cancer cell de-differentiation and migration. (nature.com)

Thus, even though cancer is a multi-step process, the inactivation of one oncogene can be sufficient to induce tumor regression. (stanford.edu)
How does oncogene inactivation cause tumor regression? (stanford.edu)
Oncogene inactivation is achieved by simply treating the mice with nanogram concentrations of doxycycline. (stanford.edu)

The basal-like subtype of breast cancer has an aggressive clinical behavior compared to that of the luminal subtype. (nih.gov)
By contrast, somatic alterations in the genes encoding Notch signaling components drive various types of human cancer, such as breast cancer, small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) ( 6 - 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Breast cancer is the most frequent gynecological tumor. (thieme-connect.de)
The HER-2/neu onkogene may play a role in the prognosis and management of patients with breast cancer. (thieme-connect.de)
7 Borg A, Baldetorp B, Ferno M, Killander D, Olsson H, Sigurdsson H. ERBB2 amplification in breast cancer with a high rate of proliferation. (thieme-connect.de)
HER-2/neu amplification predicts poor survival in node-positive breast cancer. (thieme-connect.de)
11 Gilewski T, Seidman A, Norton L, Hudis C. An immunotherapeutic approach to treatment of breast cancer: focus on trastuzumab plus paclitaxel. (thieme-connect.de)
Breast Cancer Medicine Service. (thieme-connect.de)
TUESDAY, March 17, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- Consuming low levels of chemicals called dioxins in food doesn't increase the risk of breast cancer, contends a new study that challenges a widely held belief about the effect of dioxins. (mentalhelp.net)
The pathologists did well at identifying invasive breast cancer, but they struggled with spotting. (mentalhelp.net)
The MYC proto-oncogene ( MYC ) is one of the most frequently overexpressed genes in breast cancer that drives cancer stem cell-like traits, resulting in aggressive disease progression and poor prognosis. (nature.com)
ZNF148 suppressed cell proliferation and migration and was transcriptionally repressed by MYC in breast cancer. (nature.com)
Depletion of ZNF148 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and CRISPR/Cas9 increased triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell proliferation and migration. (nature.com)
These findings uncover a previously unknown tumor suppressor role for ZNF148, and a transcriptional regulatory circuitry encompassing MYC, ZNF148, and ID1/3 in driving cancer stem cell traits in aggressive breast cancer. (nature.com)
Breast Cancer in the Post-Genomic Era. (iiarjournals.org)
Sociodemographic data, medical history and anthropometric measurements were collected from 275 women (100 breast cancer cases & 175 controls). (who.int)
An inverse, but non-significant, association was observed between dietary TAC and breast cancer risk. (who.int)
Multiple logistic regression models based on TAC of individual food groups showed that consumption of fruits and vegetables with higher TAC (molTE/100 g) was associated with a significantly decreased risk of breast cancer. (who.int)
Our study supports a protective effect of dietary antioxidants in relation to breast cancer risk. (who.int)
whether dietary TAC was associated breast cancer or other cancers, history with a risk of breast cancer in women. (who.int)
Weight was measured to the nearest women breast cancer also is the most This was a hospital-based, case-con- 100 g using digital scales, while the common cancer, with an incidence of trol study conducted among Iranian subjects were minimally clothed with- 22 per 100 000 ( 3 ). (who.int)
height was measured to the factors contributing to breast cancer primary diagnosis of breast cancer were nearest 0.5 cm using a tape meter, with include not only genetic factors, fam- recruited consecutively from January to subjects in a standing position without ily history and reproductive factors but July 2010 and were frequency-matched shoes. (who.int)

In general, oncogene function during multistep carcinogenesis is thought to be based on a growth advantage afforded by the proto-oncogene product's altered function. (alliedacademies.org)

Some proto-oncogenes work to regulate cell death. (cancerquest.org)
Proto-oncogenes are regular genes in our bodies that assist regulate cell division, growth, and even death rates. (alliedacademies.org)

Currently, natural plant extracts or human tissues active ingredients are widely used for the treatment of cancer. (scirp.org)

Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. (iiarjournals.org)
Incidence of and risk factors for severe neutropenia during treatment with the modified FOLFIRINOX therapy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. (cdc.gov)
The incidence of laryngeal cancer is 4-5 times that of hypopharyngeal cancer. (medscape.com)
In a retrospective cohort study, Kuo et al reported a decline in the incidence of hypopharyngeal cancer in the United States by an average of -2.0% annually between 1973 and 2010. (medscape.com)
African Americans have had an increasing incidence of cancers of all pharyngeal subsites since the early 1970s. (medscape.com)
Women have a higher incidence of postcricoid cancers related to nutritional deficiencies (Plummer-Vinson syndrome) than men. (medscape.com)
The Monographs represent the first step in carcinogenic risk assessment, which involves examination of all relevant information in order to assess the strength of the available evidence that certain exposures could alter the incidence of cancer in humans. (who.int)
As a result of increasing numbers of immunocompromised individuals within the human population, the incidence of Candida infections has increased dramatically in the last decade (5). (bvsalud.org)

For immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded sections, the monoclonal mouse anti-human Bcl-2 (clone Bcl-2/100, Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)

Then, his research has continued to yield new insights into the pathogenesis of human B cell lymphomas, and, in particular, on the identification of the genetic lesions and biological mechanisms responsible for the development of these diseases. (tcd.ie)
We have two copies of each gene and for oncogenes, a single defective copy is enough to cause a cell to divide. (cancerquest.org)
The proto-oncogenes that have been identified so far have many different functions in the cell. (cancerquest.org)
The DNA damage-recognition problem in human and other eukaryotic cell: the XPA damage binding protein. (ncl.edu.tw)
Methods: We evaluated whether surgery-related blood HGF elevation has prognostic significance in patients with surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer. (go.jp)
The cancer pathology consisted of non-small cell carcinoma (n = 10), and benign teratoma (n = 1). (go.jp)
Cancer immunotherapy (CIT), as a monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy, has been shown to extend overall survival in patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (jmir.org)
Biopsies from 318 cases with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, 48 with cervical and vulvar condylomata, 14 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), 34 with chronic cervicitis and 24 with normal cervical epithelium were collected from different geographic regions with different cervical cancer mortalities. (nih.gov)
From the results of Southern blot hybridization, it appeared that HPV-16 DNA had been integrated into the genome of the host cell in cervical cancer. (nih.gov)
Cancer is a medical condition characterized by out-of-control cell growth. (mentalhelp.net)
Every cell in the human body goes through a natural process that includes apoptosis, or programmed cell death. (mentalhelp.net)
Proto-oncogenes are also involved in cell growth. (mentalhelp.net)
This condition is characterized by a large, noncancerous patch of abnormally dark skin that is present from birth and an increased risk of a type of skin cell cancer called melanoma (described below). (medlineplus.gov)
This invention relates to methods of inducing differential stress resistance in a subject with cancer by starving the subject for a short term, administering a cell growth inhibitor to the subject, or reducing the caloric or glucose intake by the subject. (justia.com)
In another aspect, the invention features methods of contacting a cancer cell with a chemotherapy agent and methods of increasing resistance of a non-cancer cell to a chemotherapy agent. (justia.com)

PURPOSE: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is currently the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States, and most pancreatic cancers develop locally advanced disease or metastasis at the time of diagnosis. (duke.edu)

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiation in the treatment of advanced cervical cancer. (ncl.edu.tw)
They are believed to repopulate cancers after chemotherapy and/or radiation treatment. (msdmanuals.com)

The cellular kinetics of particular cancers is an important consideration in the design of antineoplastic drug regimens and may influence the dosing schedules and timing intervals of treatment. (msdmanuals.com)

I am a Professor in the Departments of Pathology and Dermatology at MD Anderson Cancer Center. (mdanderson.org)

Correlation with oncogene amplification in 160 cases. (thieme-connect.de)
The amplification and rearrangement of the c-myc protooncogene are closely associated with the occurrence of cervical cancer. (nih.gov)

Moreover, inhibition of HGF elevation may have therapeutic effects on early distant metastasis of lung cancer. (go.jp)
Most of the early prostate cancer ha s no obvious symptoms, but its malignancy metastasis will cause largely deaths. (scirp.org)

Purpose: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a ligand of the c-met proto-oncogene, exhibits activating effects on human lung cancer both in vitro and in vivo. (go.jp)
Conclusion: Elevation of HGF in plasma may be an important prognostic factor for early metastatic disease in patients with primary lung cancer. (go.jp)
There were two postoperative deaths: one was from an unknown cause, 8 months postoperatively and another was from a lung cancer recurrence, 9 months after surgery. (go.jp)

These genes have been found to be either malfunctioning or non-functioning in many different kinds of cancer. (cancerquest.org)
Gain-of-function variants in the three RAS genes have been found in 27 % of human cancers [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

According to the National Cancer Institute, nearly 2 million Americans receive a cancer diagnosis each year. (mentalhelp.net)
Handbook of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Evaluation. (iiarjournals.org)

As stated, prognosis in hypopharyngeal cancer varies with the stage. (medscape.com)

The event was attended by cancer clinicians and researchers, representatives of the National Cancer Control Programme, Health Research Board, Irish Cancer Society, supporters of cancer research including the Friends of CROSS, a group that raises funds cancer research in Trinity and St James's Hospital. (tcd.ie)
As part of our mission to eliminate cancer, MD Anderson researchers conduct hundreds of clinical trials to test new treatments for both common and rare cancers. (mdanderson.org)
This Recombinant Human MYCN protein is an essential resource for cancer researchers. (cusabio.com)

Nowell, a tumor biologist in the pathology department at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, was interested in the relationship between cancer and alterations in genes (although he had no proof there was one). (laskerfoundation.org)

When and if this immune attack is effective, a cancer may never develop. (msdmanuals.com)

A research for the relationship between human papillomavirus and human uterine cervical carcinoma. (nih.gov)
One very interesting observation is that the finding of HPV-16-homologous DNA differs significantly among five geographic regions, and corresponds with the mortalities from cervical cancer of these five regions. (nih.gov)
The rate of detection of HPV-16 in Chinese women increased from 8.3% in normal cervical epithelium to 20% in chronic cervicitis, 28% in cervical condyloma, 50% in CIN and 60.4% in cervical cancer. (nih.gov)
It is suggested that HPV-16 infection may be an etiological factor in the development of human cervical carcinoma. (nih.gov)
The rate of occurrence of E6-E7 genes is the highest (88.9%) compared with that of other subgenomic fragments of HPV-16 in specimens of human cervical cancer in China. (nih.gov)

Integration of human intelligence, cognitive computing and explainable artificial intelligence is necessary to construct a Notch‑related knowledge‑base and optimize Notch‑targeted therapy for patients with cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)

Anatomy16

Organisms6

Diseases49

Chemicals and Drugs66

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment54

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes65

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science7

Named Groups1

Health Care20

Geographicals1

Proteins7

Receptor10

Cyclin dependent kinase2

Genetics6

Serine1

Known as oncogenes2

HER25

Tumors10

Homolog2

Abstract1

Tyrosine kinase1

Basal-like breast cancers1

Expression18

Colorectal cancer7

Cells41

Mutations19

Overexpression1

Chromosomal2

Gastric cancer1

Tumorigenesis4

Tumour2

Carcinomas2

Ovarian cancer6

Retroviral1

Molecular9

Genet Cytogenet2

Transcription2

Targets3

Malignancies3

KRAS3

Differentiation3

Inactivation3

Breast cancer22

Carcinogenesis1

Regulate cell2

Tissues1

Incidence8

Immunohistochemistry1

Cell15

Pancreatic1

Chemotherapy2

Cellular1

Dermatology1

Amplification2

Metastasis2

Lung Cancer3

Genes have been found2

Diagnosis2

Prognosis1

Researchers3

Alterations1

Immune1

Cervical5

Targeted therapy1