AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
ProthrombinProthrombin TimeFactor VHypoprothrombinemiasBlood CoagulationFactor XaFactor XPartial Thromboplastin TimeFactor VaBlood Coagulation FactorsThrombinBlood Coagulation TestsThrombophiliaVitamin KThromboplastinBlood Coagulation Disorders1-Carboxyglutamic AcidVitamin K DeficiencyInternational Normalized RatioProtein CWarfarinAnticoagulantsAntithrombin IIIHemostasisFactor VIICoagulantsKringlesFibrinopeptide AFibrinogenPeptide FragmentsThrombin TimePhospholipidsProtein SLupus Coagulation InhibitorThrombosisEnzyme PrecursorsFactor IXHirudinsPhosphatidylserinesAntithrombinsVenous ThrombosisHemorrhagic DisordersCattleDisseminated Intravascular CoagulationActivated Protein C ResistanceCarbon-Carbon LigasesFibrinolysisSnake VenomsProtein PrecursorsDansyl CompoundsKineticsThromboembolismVitamin K 1Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation ProductsFactor X DeficiencyFactor VIIaThrombelastographyHemorrhageAcenocoumarolElapid VenomsPlasma4-HydroxycoumarinsViper VenomsFibrinDicumarolBlood Coagulation Factor InhibitorsBinding SitesHeparinElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelBothropsFreeze DryingEnzyme ActivationChromogenic CompoundsAntibodies, AntiphospholipidPlatelet CountAmino Acid SequenceProtein BindingFactor XIbeta 2-Glycoprotein IPoint MutationFactor VIIINitracrineFactor V Deficiency
ThrombinIncreased prothrombin timeG20210AReference range for prothrombin timeTimeAnti-prothrombinCoagulation factorsAntibodiesFibrinogenConcentrateSuggests that prothrombinDeficiencyKcentraMutationVenousMutationsGeneticFactor IIThrombophiliaAnticoagulantLiverComplexWarfarinApixabanHeterogeneityVariantLaboratoryEpitopesGlycoproteinBloodTestPatientsTherapy
Thrombin11
  • The protein produced from the F2 gene, prothrombin (also called coagulation factor II), is the precursor to a protein called thrombin that initiates a series of chemical reactions in order to form a blood clot. (medlineplus.gov)
  • An abundance of prothrombin leads to more thrombin, which promotes the formation of blood clots. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It was also used to assess specific activity at each stage in the purification of prothrombin, in the kinetic analysis of ecarin- generated thrombin, and as a functional test for anti-prothrombin specificity of anti sera, raised against the prothrombin concentrate. (le.ac.uk)
  • Clotting is caused by a series of clotting factors which activate one another, including the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. (metropolisindia.com)
  • It is converted to thrombin by a prothrombin activator complex consisting of factor Xa, factor V, phospholipid, and calcium ions. (lookformedical.com)
  • Heat- and storage-labile plasma glycoprotein which accelerates the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in blood coagulation. (lookformedical.com)
  • It catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in conjunction with other cofactors. (lookformedical.com)
  • 2. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin, which is also a plasma protein into the enzyme thrombin. (safalta.com)
  • Activation of Prothrombin by the prothrombinase complex (FXa, FVa, PL and Ca++) yields the serine protease Thrombin. (enzymeresearch.com)
  • These activation intermediates hydrolyze synthetic substrates specific for thrombin and have the same mol wt as the activation products of prothrombin. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Prothrombin time is a direct measure of the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin and correct activity of plasma coagulation factors I, II, V, VII and X. (mrlabtest.com)
Increased prothrombin time1
  • As coagulation factors are produced by the liver, patients suffering from liver disease ( hepatitis , cirrhosis , etc.) may also have an increased prothrombin time result because of the inability of the liver to create the clotting factors as needed. (mrlabtest.com)
G20210A18
  • Clinical and laboratory management of the prothrombin G20210A mutation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Reports indicate that a G-to-A transition at nucleotide position 20210 (G20210A) in the prothrombin gene is considered a risk factor for cerebral venous thrombosis. (medscape.com)
  • Prothrombin G20210A mutation is the second most common genetic clotting disorder in Caucasians. (picmonic.com)
  • Prothrombin G20210A Mutation is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. (picmonic.com)
  • Mutation of prothrombin G20210A affects the terminal 3' nucleotide of the 3' untranslated region of the Prothrombin mRNA, resulting in increased prothrombin level in the plasma. (picmonic.com)
  • Prothrombin G20210A mutation occurs from missense mutation with a characteristic of guanine replacing adenine. (picmonic.com)
  • The high level of prothrombin in the Prothrombin G20210A Mutation will lead to an increased risk of clotting (hypercoagulability). (picmonic.com)
  • Healthcare providers should include prothrombin G20210A mutation as one of the differential diagnoses. (picmonic.com)
  • Oral contraceptives have a risk of thrombosis and cardiovascular events and should be avoided in prothrombin G20210A mutation patients. (picmonic.com)
  • These conditions and the presence of blood stasis due to compression from pregnancy will increase the risk of thrombosis in prothrombin G20210A mutation patients. (picmonic.com)
  • Long flights should be taken cautiously in patients with prothrombin G20210A mutation due to increased thrombosis resulting from prolonged immobility in the passenger seat. (picmonic.com)
  • Anticoagulation is used in patients with Prothrombin G20210A Mutation with the presence of thromboses such as DVT or pulmonary embolism. (picmonic.com)
  • Several recent studies have discussed the correlation between existence of coagulation factors such as V Leiden and prothrombin mutation (G20210A) as risk factors for incidence of stroke. (ac.ir)
  • The impact of prothrombin (G20210A) gene mutation on stroke in youths', ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal , 8(1), pp. 9-11. (ac.ir)
  • Some of the recently discovered genetic risk factors, such as factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations, are quite common in the population. (intechopen.com)
  • The most common is prothrombin c.G20210A UTR variant. (isth.org)
  • BACKGROUND: Five classic thrombophilias have been recognized: factor V Leiden (rs6025), the prothrombin G20210A variant (rs1799963), and protein C, protein S, and antithrombin deficiencies. (lu.se)
  • METHODS AND RESULTS: Factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A and protein-coding variants in the PROC (protein C), PROS1 (protein S), and SERPINC1 (antithrombin) anticoagulant genes were determined in 29 387 subjects (born 1923-1950, 60% women) who participated in the Malmö Diet and Cancer study (1991-1996). (lu.se)
Reference range for prothrombin time2
  • The reference range for prothrombin time depends on the analytical method used, but is usually around 12-13 seconds (results should always be interpreted using the reference range from the laboratory that performed the test), and the INR in absence of anticoagulation therapy is 0.8-1.2. (wikipedia.org)
  • The reference range for prothrombin time is 9.5-13.5 seconds. (medscape.com)
Time51
  • The prothrombin time (PT) - along with its derived measures of prothrombin ratio (PR) and international normalized ratio (INR) - is an assay for evaluating the extrinsic pathway and common pathway of coagulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Prothrombin time is typically analyzed by a laboratory technologist on an automated instrument at 37 °C (as a nominal approximation of normal human body temperature). (wikipedia.org)
  • The blood is mixed, then centrifuged to separate blood cells from plasma (as prothrombin time is most commonly measured using blood plasma). (wikipedia.org)
  • The prothrombin time ratio is the ratio of a subject's measured prothrombin time (in seconds) to the normal laboratory reference PT. (wikipedia.org)
  • The result (in seconds) for a prothrombin time performed on a normal individual will vary according to the type of analytical system employed. (wikipedia.org)
  • The INR is the ratio of a patient's prothrombin time to a normal (control) sample, raised to the power of the ISI value for the analytical system being used. (wikipedia.org)
  • The prothrombin time is the time it takes plasma to clot after addition of tissue factor (obtained from animals such as rabbits, or recombinant tissue factor, or from brains of autopsy patients). (wikipedia.org)
  • Factor VII has a short half-life and the carboxylation of its glutamate residues requires vitamin K. The prothrombin time can be prolonged as a result of deficiencies in vitamin K, warfarin therapy, malabsorption, or lack of intestinal colonization by bacteria (such as in newborns). (wikipedia.org)
  • What Is a Prothrombin Time Test? (akronchildrens.org)
  • A prothrombin time (PT) test measures how long it takes for a clot to form in a blood sample. (akronchildrens.org)
  • Over time, his prothrombin time (PT)4 international normalized ratio (INR) values were stable and checked regularly at an anticoagulation clinic. (aacc.org)
  • Tested for antithrombotic potency after intravenous administration of 3 mg/kg to prolong prothrombin time(PT), activity expressed as PT inhibitor/PT control. (nih.gov)
  • A modification is described which reduces considerably the amount of pipetting involved in the estimation of "prothrombin time. (bmj.com)
  • A Prothrombin time test is a test used to detect and diagnose bleeding disorder or clotting disorder in the body. (metropolisindia.com)
  • Why take Prothrombin Time (PT)? (metropolisindia.com)
  • The prothrombin time (PT) and its derived measures of prothrombin ratio (PR) and international normalized ratio (INR) are measures of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation . (wikidoc.org)
  • The prothrombin time was discovered by Dr Armand Quick and colleagues in 1935, [1] and a second method was published by Dr Paul Owren [2] (also called the "p and p" or "prothrombin and proconvertin" method). (wikidoc.org)
  • The INR was introduced in the early 1980s when it turned out that there was a large degree of variation between the various prothrombin time assays, a discrepancy mainly due to problems with the purity of the thromboplastin (tissue factor) concentrate. (wikidoc.org)
  • The prothrombin time can be measured roughly on whole blood (which is done in neonates ), but is more commonly measured from blood plasma . (wikidoc.org)
  • For the prothrombin time test the appropriate sample is the blue top tube, or citrate tube, which is a liquid anticoagulant. (wikidoc.org)
  • This dilution will cause a falsely long prothrombin time. (wikidoc.org)
  • The prothrombin ratio is the prothrombin time for a patient, divided by the result for control plasma. (wikidoc.org)
  • The time course of the prothrombin response to estrogen suggests that prothrombin enters the uterus as part of the transudation of plasma proteins that occurs after estrogen stimulation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • What is the normal value of prothrombin time in a blood test? (mrlabtest.com)
  • Each laboratory must establish its own normal range for prothrombin time in a blood test. (mrlabtest.com)
  • There are different reagents (tissue thromboplastin) that may be added to the blood sample to perform the prothrombin time test. (mrlabtest.com)
  • During pregnancy, the prothrombin time may be a bit lower. (mrlabtest.com)
  • What does the prothrombin time mean? (mrlabtest.com)
  • Prothrombin time (PT) is a measurement of the amount of time needed for a clot to form after the addition of a tissue factor (tissue thromboplastin) and calcium to a sample of platelet-poor plasma. (mrlabtest.com)
  • Therefore, the prothrombin time (PT) is a test that measures the efficacy of the extrinsic coagulation process (clot formation and stop bleeding). (mrlabtest.com)
  • What is the prothrombin time blood test used for? (mrlabtest.com)
  • The prothrombin time (PT) test is one of the most important screening tests used in diagnostic coagulation studies. (mrlabtest.com)
  • The prothrombin time (PT) test is often performed as part of a coagulation screen before surgical procedures or when a patient shows signs of excessive bleeding or bruising (nosebleeds, bleeding gums, or blood in urine or stool). (mrlabtest.com)
  • The prothrombin time (PT) is also used to help monitor oral anticoagulant use, as the result is elevated when a patient is being treated with these oral anticoagulants. (mrlabtest.com)
  • A prothrombin time (PT) lower than normal has no clinical meaning and it is not used for diagnosis. (mrlabtest.com)
  • Where can I find more information about prothrombin time in a blood test? (mrlabtest.com)
  • Prothrombin time can increase in this disorder by 1,5-2 times normal. (picmonic.com)
  • A basic understanding of the coagulation pathway is required to interpret prothrombin time result (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • The prothrombin time is a measure of the integrity of the extrinsic and final common pathways of the coagulation cascade. (medscape.com)
  • Prothrombin time chart. (medscape.com)
  • Various conditions may prolong or shorten prothrombin time. (medscape.com)
  • One of the key components to the interpretation of prothrombin time is a properly collected sample. (medscape.com)
  • In general, the prothrombin time is more sensitive to factor VII deficiency than factor deficiencies within the final common pathway. (medscape.com)
  • The prothrombin time has significant interlaboratory variability influenced by the instrument, and more importantly, the reagent used. (medscape.com)
  • A prothrombin time (PT) is a blood test used to help identify & diagnose bleeding disorders or clotting disorders in your circulatory system. (multimedilab.com)
  • The prothrombin time (PT) is a kinetic screening test performed by adding a sensitive tissue thromboplastin reagent and calcium chloride to plasma using an automated method. (bloodworksnw.org)
  • 1) and prolonged prothrombin time areseparately related to hepatic cirrhosis. (edu.pk)
  • Thenprolonged prothrombin time (PT) and reversed ratio together were used and the results of thesetwo groups were compared. (edu.pk)
  • Control kit for prothrombin time test includes: five high control strips, five low control strips, two control activation solution vials, pack of 14 sample transfer tubes. (familyotc.com)
  • Purpose: Patients who had undergone mechanical heart valve replacements, who have atrial fibrillation or deep vein thrombosis, need drugs called oral anticoagulants to prevent blood clotting and need regular testing of Prothrombin Time/International Normalized Ratio. (crimsonpublishers.com)
  • Prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR) (24 to 72 hours after exposure) persisting for weeks to months, as determined by hospital laboratory tests. (cdc.gov)
Anti-prothrombin2
  • Rational Laboratory Diagnostics of Antiphospholipid Antibodies: Anti-Cardiolipin, Anti-β2-Glycoprotein I, Anti-Prothrombin and Anti-Annexin V Antibodies. (ncbcs.org)
  • A attainable co-appearance of anticardiolipin (aCL), anti-β2-glycoprotein I (anti-β2-GPI), anti-prothrombin (aPT) and anti-annexin V (aANXV) antibodies of IgG, IgM and IgA class have been studied in 58 sufferers with SLE alone and 32 sufferers APS within the view of rational laboratory diagnostics. (ncbcs.org)
Coagulation factors3
  • PT measures the following coagulation factors: I (fibrinogen), II (prothrombin), V (proaccelerin), VII (proconvertin), and X (Stuart-Prower factor). (wikipedia.org)
  • Prothrombin is administered as part of a cocktail containing several coagulation factors. (drugbank.com)
  • Human prothrombin complex contains vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X, together known as prothrombin complex and antithrombotic protein C and protein S. The clotting factors in this medicine affect the coagulation cascade at various steps. (mrmed.in)
Antibodies10
  • Find Prothrombin Antibodies for a variety of species such as anti-Human Prothrombin, anti-Mouse Prothrombin, anti-Rat Prothrombin. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Find Prothrombin Antibodies validated for a specific application such as WB, IHC, ELISA, ICC. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Find Prothrombin Antibodies with a specific Host. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Find available monoclonal or polyclonal Prothrombin Antibodies. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Find Prothrombin Antibodies with a specific conjugate such as Biotin, FITC, HRP. (antibodies-online.com)
  • In our experiments, prothrombin was recognized by relevant antibodies when the protein was bound to phosphatidylserine-coated microtiter plates using calcium ions or when it was bound to high binding plates with or without calcium ions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Its mol wt is 77,000, its N-terminal amino acid sequence is the same as prothrombin's for 15 residues, it contains γ-carboxyl glutamate residues, its biosynthesis is prevented by warfarin, it cross-reacts with antibodies to human and rat prothrombin and it can be activated by human factor Xa or a uterine procoagulant. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The products of activation, when separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-gels, react with antibodies to human or rat prothrombin to give bands that have mol wt corresponding to those of the products of activation of prothrombin. (elsevierpure.com)
  • It has more recently been demonstrated that the antibodies most closely associated with aPS and LA are actually directed to a complex of anionic phospholipids such as phosphatidylserine/prothrombin (PS/PT) rather than to prothrombin alone. (evexiadiagnostics.com)
  • antiprothrombin (aPT) and antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin (aPS/PT) antibodies and the risk of thrombosis in the antiphospholipid syndrome. (evexiadiagnostics.com)
Fibrinogen2
Concentrate5
  • Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) for the management of Xa-inhibitor-associated bleeding has been described in small case series and one cohort study. (nih.gov)
  • Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (Human), is indicated for the urgent reversal of acquired coagulation factor deficiency induced by Vitamin K antagonist (VKA, e.g., warfarin) therapy in adult patients with acute major bleeding. (drugbank.com)
  • Prothrombin-related translation products were then identified by immunoprecipitation, using antisera raised against the prothrombin concentrate. (le.ac.uk)
  • KCENTRA ® , Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (Human), is a blood coagulation factor replacement product indicated for the urgent reversal of acquired coagulation factor deficiency induced by Vitamin K antagonist (VKA-eg, warfarin) therapy in adult patients with acute major bleeding or the need for urgent surgery or other invasive procedure. (kcentra.com)
  • Four-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate for Patients With Trauma. (bvsalud.org)
Suggests that prothrombin1
  • Some research suggests that prothrombin thrombophilia is associated with a somewhat increased risk of pregnancy loss (miscarriage) and may also increase the risk of other complications during pregnancy. (medlineplus.gov)
Deficiency1
Kcentra3
  • What is Kcentra (Prothrombin Complex) used for? (everydayhealth.com)
  • Can I take Kcentra (Prothrombin Complex) if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding? (everydayhealth.com)
  • Use Kcentra (Prothrombin Complex) exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. (everydayhealth.com)
Mutation8
  • Prothrombin thrombophilia is caused by a particular mutation in the F2 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The particular mutation that causes prothrombin thrombophilia results in an overactive F2 gene that causes too much prothrombin to be produced. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The risk of developing an abnormal clot in a blood vessel depends on whether a person inherits one or two copies of the F2 gene mutation that causes prothrombin thrombophilia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A genetic mutation causes increased plasma levels of prothrombin (factor II), predisposing to venous thrombosis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) or warfarin can be used for prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis in patients with one (heterozygosity) or two (homozygosity) copies of the prothrombin 20210 gene mutation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This disorder is characterized by a genetic point mutation in the prothrombin gene in the 3' Untranslated Region. (picmonic.com)
  • The present study investigated the frequency of prothrombin gene mutation and its impact on incidence of ischemic stroke in Iranian youth. (ac.ir)
  • CONCLUSION: Despite the known effect of prothrombin gene mutation on incidence of venous thrombosis, it does not seem this factor, as an independent factor, can be considered as a risk factor to create ischemic stroke in people who do not have other risk factor. (ac.ir)
Venous3
  • A common genetic variation in the 3'-untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increase in venous thrombosis. (sciendo.com)
  • Specific genetic variants in F2 gene coding for prothrombin are known to increase risk for venous thrombosis (VT). (isth.org)
  • Van Laer C, Freson K, Lavend'homme R, Muczynski V, Peerlinck K, Thys C, Jacquemin M. A novel prothrombin R533Q variant in patient with recurrent venous thrombosis [abstract]. (isth.org)
Mutations1
  • The combination of prothrombin thrombophilia and mutations in other genes involved in blood clotting can also influence risk. (medlineplus.gov)
Genetic1
  • The diagnosis is made by genetic analysis of the prothrombin 20210 gene using blood samples. (msdmanuals.com)
Factor II2
Thrombophilia7
Anticoagulant1
  • It was hoped that the anticoagulant, PP888, could be used to investigate post-translational modification of prothrombin. (le.ac.uk)
Liver4
  • Clotting and chromogenic assays utilising Echis carinatus venom were set up to determine the total prothrombin-related material (PRM) in plasma and liver fractions. (le.ac.uk)
  • The processing of prothrombin precursors in the rat liver is both complicated (five different isoelectric forms of precursor have been identified) and poorly understood. (le.ac.uk)
  • Prothrombin is a protein produced by the liver. (metropolisindia.com)
  • Prothrombin is a protein made by the liver. (multimedilab.com)
Complex12
  • Prothrombin complex is used to quickly reverse the effects of a blood-thinning medicine (such as warfarin) during a major bleeding episode, or when there is a need for emergency surgery or invasive medical procedure. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Prothrombin complex may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Prothrombin complex is made from donated human plasma and may contain viruses or other infectious agents. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Prothrombin complex is given as an infusion into a vein. (everydayhealth.com)
  • After you are treated with prothrombin complex, do not start using your blood thinner again until your doctor tells you to. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Since prothrombin complex is used when needed, it is usually given as a single dose. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Human Prothrombin complex is an immunosuppressant that belongs to the class of medications called clotting factors. (mrmed.in)
  • Human prothrombin complex is an intravenously administered drug. (mrmed.in)
  • Limited information is available regarding the use of human prothrombin complex in children and adolescents. (mrmed.in)
  • Certain medications may interact with the human prothrombin complex and reduce its effectiveness by causing undesirable side effects. (mrmed.in)
  • The common side effects of the human prothrombin complex are decreased blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, muscle and bone pain, and headache. (mrmed.in)
  • How is the human prothrombin complex for urgent warfarin reversal administered? (mrmed.in)
Warfarin1
  • The chromogenic assay revealed an increase in the PRM of microsomes prepared from warfarin-treated rats, reflecting a build-up of prothrombin precursors. (le.ac.uk)
Apixaban1
  • The therapeutic efficacy of Prothrombin can be decreased when used in combination with Apixaban. (drugbank.com)
Heterogeneity1
  • Bosler D, Mattson J, Crisan D. Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Patients with Homozygous Prothrombin 20210AA Genotype. (medlineplus.gov)
Variant1
  • Geographic distribution of the 20210 G to A prothrombin variant. (msdmanuals.com)
Laboratory1
  • The introduction of antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin autoantibodies in the laboratory diagnostic process of antiphospholipid syndrome: six month observation. (evexiadiagnostics.com)
Epitopes1
  • Different binding conditions for prothrombin exposed different epitopes, resulting in the detection of various subgroups of aPT. (biomedcentral.com)
Glycoprotein2
  • Prepared from freshly collected bovine plasma, bovine Prothrombin is a glycoprotein of molecular weight 70,000 and consists of a single polypeptide chain. (enzymeresearch.com)
  • The best-studied phospholipid-binding proteins include B2 glycoprotein 1 and prothrombin. (evexiadiagnostics.com)
Blood1
Test1
  • INR = ( PT test PT normal ) ISI {\displaystyle {\text{INR}}=\left({\frac {{\text{PT}}_{\text{test}}}{{\text{PT}}_{\text{normal}}}}\right)^{\text{ISI}}} PTnormal is established as the geometric mean of the prothrombin times (PT) of a reference sample group. (wikipedia.org)
Patients1
  • RESULTS: Prothrombin was not found in any of the studied patients. (ac.ir)
Therapy2
  • Figure 5 Cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma according to des- gamma-carboxy prothrombin levels at 24 wk after the completion of interferon-based therapy. (wjgnet.com)
  • Prothrombin is a coagulation factor used for emergency reversal of vitamin K antagonist therapy. (drugbank.com)