• IRDye 800CW Protein Labeling Kits can be used to label antibodies and other proteins for applications such as Western blots, In-Cell Western ™ assays, in vivo imaging, and whole organ or tissue section assays. (carlova.ee)
  • The antibodies induced by one protein variant were shown to be qualitatively similar to responses induced by other vaccine platforms. (nature.com)
  • The expressed protein in Escherichia coli was used to generate polyclonal antibodies. (hindawi.com)
  • Immunostaining of Western-blots using HRP-conjugated anti-rat IgG confirmed the presence of antibodies, against purified proteins or hippocampal homogenates, in sera of rats exposed to TMT. (cdc.gov)
  • Antibodies to the HIV-1 major group-specific antigen (GAG) protein p24, and its precursor p55, are the earliest detected after infection by Western blot and tend to decrease or become undetectable with onset or progression of clinical symptoms (4-9). (cdc.gov)
  • In contrast, antibodies to the envelope (ENV) precursor protein gp160 and the final ENV proteins (gp120 and gp41) can be detected in specimens from virtually all HIV-infected persons regardless of clinical stage (4-9). (cdc.gov)
  • Although the overall sensitivity and specificity of the Western blot for detection of antibodies to the various viral proteins are high, there has been substantial debate regarding the interpretive criteria. (cdc.gov)
  • Approaching a complete repository of sequence-verified protein-encoding clones for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (ymdb.ca)
  • How to calculate the molecular weight from the amino acid sequence . (calctool.org)
  • The most basic structure is called the primary structure , and it is nothing but the sequence of amino acids making up a specific protein. (calctool.org)
  • This work identifies Drosophila S2 cells as a clinically-relevant platform suited for the production of 'difficult-to-make' proteins from Plasmodium parasites, and identifies a PfRH5 sequence variant that can be used for clinical production of a non-glycosylated, soluble full-length protein vaccine immunogen. (nature.com)
  • Protein abundance data, domains, shared domains with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, sequence-based physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Protein sequence for the given gene in S288C and other strains, when available. (yeastgenome.org)
  • More detailed evidence for these modification sites is presented in the Post-translational Modifications table, located just below the protein sequence. (yeastgenome.org)
  • The success of a PMF experiment depends on several factors: The noise level in the spectrum, the mass accuracy, the amount and purity of the sample, the number of proteins in the sample, possible post-translational modifications, algorithm accuracy, and (to a considerable extent) operator skill and experience. (lu.se)
  • However it has proved challenging to identify a heterologous expression platform that can produce a soluble protein-based vaccine in a manner compliant with current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP). (nature.com)
  • Although the accumulation of soluble low-molecular-weight amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers has been suggested to trigger neurodegeneration in AD, animal models overexpressing or infused with Aβ lack neuronal loss at the onset of memory deficits. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast to the scleroproteins, the contractile proteins are soluble in salt solutions and susceptible to enzymatic digestion . (britannica.com)
  • To achieve this, the neuronal SNARE (i.e., soluble N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) complex brings the vesicle and presynaptic membranes in close proximity, thereby, mediating the fusion of the two membranes resulting in exocytosis of neurotransmitters. (nature.com)
  • Fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane occurs in the presence of the NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor) / α-SNAP (α-soluble NSF attachment protein) disassembly machinery. (nature.com)
  • We use a Fmoc-peptide precursor in dynamic equilibrium with its low molecular weight hydrogelator (LMWH) through a reversible disulfide bond. (rsc.org)
  • After heparin or LMWH therapy is begun, remember that it affects antithrombin, as well as protein C, protein S, and activated protein C resistance. (medscape.com)
  • A recombinant protein antigen with a N-terminal His6-ABP tag corresponding to human ZFP36L2. (fishersci.com)
  • The TIS11D Recombinant Protein Antigen is derived from E. coli. (fishersci.com)
  • The TIS11D Recombinant Protein Antigen has been validated for the following applications: Antibody Competition. (fishersci.com)
  • Autoantibodies to nervous system proteins following trimethyl tin (TMT) exposure: a comparison of ELISA and Western-blot analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • Western-blots, using purified NF proteins, or hippocampal homogenates, were used to confirm ELISA. (cdc.gov)
  • This study suggests that the detection of autoantibodies to neurotypic proteins, using ELISA, may be used to indicate chemical neurotoxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • Des préparations d'antigènes bruts de Setaria equina ont été utilisées dans le cadre des méthodes ELISA et transfert Western afin d'étudier la réaction croisée avec des sérums humains en provenance de zones endémiques pour la filariose de Bancroft. (who.int)
  • abstract = "The comprehension of the bioactive fractions involved in the biostimulant activity of plant derived protein hydrolysates (PH) is a complex task, but it can also lead to significant improvements in the production of more effective plant biostimulants. (unicatt.it)
  • abstract = "An efficient dynamic coating using methylcellulose and a non-ionic detergent (Tween-20) was developed which controlled protein adsorption onto the surface of microchannels on a microchip made of poly (methyl methacrylate), PMMA. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Cloning and characterization of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene encoding the low molecular weight protein-tyrosine phosphatase. (ymdb.ca)
  • Genomic and Molecular Characterization of Clinical Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae Harboring mcr-1 in Colombia, 2002-2016. (cdc.gov)
  • Compartmentalisation also ensures that unique post-translational modifications can occur to a subset of synthesised proteins. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • The protein appears to be highly conserved throughout these evolutionarily diverse strains and may be important in the virulence of the organism. (kzoo.edu)
  • The genes encoding these proteins are highly conserved within the Trichinellids, are constituents of mL1 ESP and localized in the parasite stichosome. (westminster.ac.uk)
  • It has recently been reported that αB-crystallin, a low-molecular-weight heat shock protein, may be released from cells by mechanical stretch. (bioone.org)
  • Further experiments with Interleukin-17 and Heat Shock Protein also exemplify the use of the ScanLater Western Blot Protein Ladder for estimating molecular weight. (moleculardevices.com)
  • The N-terminal sequences of the LMW-GS spots showed that 10 of 12 groups of LMW-GSs were expressed as protein products, which included LMW-i, LMW-m, and LMW-s types. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Proteins are sequences of repeated smaller units, biomolecules called amino acids . (calctool.org)
  • The major constituent of a senile plaque is β-amyloid (Αβ), which is a 40-43 amino acid peptide produced by the action of secretory pathway-associated proteases, namely β and γ secretases, at the C terminus of a type I membrane-spanning glycoprotein termed amyloid precursor protein (APP). (jneurosci.org)
  • The molecular process underlying the reaction is known to involve the fibrous muscle proteins, the peptide chains of which undergo a change in conformation during contraction. (britannica.com)
  • The strategy therefore promises reliable automated user- independent protein identification using peptide mass fingerprints. (lu.se)
  • Accumulation of APP across mitochondrial import channels, which varied with the severity of AD, inhibited the entry of nuclear-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunits IV and Vb proteins, which was associated with decreased cytochrome c oxidase activity and increased levels of H 2 O 2 . (jneurosci.org)
  • It is a large glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 95 kD, and exists as a homodimer composed of two identical subunits. (cdc.gov)
  • To characterize the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS), we developed specific PCR primer sets to distinguish 12 groups of LMW-GS genes of Norin 61 and to decide their loci with nullisomic-tetrasomic lines of Chinese Spring. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Theoretische und angewandte Genetik JO - Theor Appl Genet VL - 112 IS - 2 N2 - To characterize the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS), we developed specific PCR primer sets to distinguish 12 groups of LMW-GS genes of Norin 61 and to decide their loci with nullisomic-tetrasomic lines of Chinese Spring. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Global analysis of protein expression in yeast. (ymdb.ca)
  • Nevertheless, there were some caveats to its use, including reasonably low fluorescent expression in cells as well as the inability to make cell lines that stably express the protein. (5htreceptor.com)
  • Loading protein markers of established size (e.g. (genetex.com)
  • G-Biosciences provide two prestained protein molecular weight markers (protein ladder, protein standard). (gbiosciences.com)
  • PAGEmark™ Blue PLUS Protein Markers A blue protein standard with 12 prestained proteins covering a wide range of molecular weights: 10-240kDa in Tris-Glycine buffer and 9-235kDa in Bis-Tris (MOPS) buffer or Bis-Tris (MES) buffer. (gbiosciences.com)
  • Protein, DNA, and RNA markers with pre-determined fragment sizes and concentrations are commercially available. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although the concept of molecular-weight markers has been retained, techniques of development have varied throughout the years. (wikipedia.org)
  • New inventions of molecular-weight markers are distributed in kits specific to the marker's type. (wikipedia.org)
  • More recently, another method for constructing DNA molecular-weight size markers is being employed by laboratories. (wikipedia.org)
  • MUC proteins have great significance as prognostic and diagnostic markers as well as a potential target for therapeutic interventions in most cancers of glandular epithelial origin. (amrita.edu)
  • Alternative splicing enables an mRNA to synthesize differently sized protein variants (isoforms) from the same gene that may have different cellular functions or properties. (genetex.com)
  • In this study, the sp2 gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli to produce a 6xHis-tagged fusion protein, which was then used to generate a polyclonal antibody. (hindawi.com)
  • The identified mutation changes a single protein building block (amino acid) in the protein produced from the PSMB8 gene, replacing the amino acid glycine with the amino acid valine at protein position 201 (written as Gly201Val or G201V). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Because the protein produced from the PSMB8 gene may be involved in the maturation of adipocytes, studies suggest that a shortage of this protein may interfere with the normal development and function of these cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Each of these mutations greatly reduces protein production from the PSMB8 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Researchers speculate that mutations in different areas of the gene may have different effects on protein function. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Recombinant COMT was produced in Escherichia coli up to 10% of total bacterial protein after the induction of the T7 RNA polymerase gene with isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside. (lu.se)
  • This single-molecule counting method can be widely used to measure molecular weight of fluorescence objects, such as macromolecules, biomolecules and nanoparticles, at extremely low concentrations. (lu.se)
  • They appear to be involved in some of the same fundamental cell activities as regular proteasomes, such as regulating the amount of various proteins in cells (protein homeostasis), cell growth and division, the process by which cells mature to carry out specific functions (differentiation), chemical signaling within cells, and the activity of genes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • includes protein coordinates for the domain, a domain Description, a Source and corresponding accession ID, and the number of S. cerevisiae genes that share the same domain. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Proteins are the building blocks of biology. (calctool.org)
  • Develop your entrepreneurial skills while you study molecular biology to enhance your employability. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • The "self"-protein albumin in mouse airway fluid was uniquely modified by GSH-MDI at position 414K, a preferred site of MDI reactivity on human albumin. (cdc.gov)
  • Lyophilized from a 0.2μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with BSA as a carrier protein. (fishersci.com)
  • Most of the circulating testosterone is bound to carrier proteins (SHBG = sex hormone-binding globulin). (cdc.gov)
  • Sumoylation: Sumoylation of the target protein can cause a ~15-17 kDa increase of the observed MW due to the covalently attached SUMO protein. (genetex.com)
  • Proteins are covalently coupled with a blue chromophore except for two reference bands. (gbiosciences.com)
  • Proteins are covalently coupled with a. (gbiosciences.com)
  • The ScanLater ™ Western Blot Protein Ladder is an essential component of the ScanLater ™ Western Blot Detection System. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Detection of the biotinylated proteins is enabled by adding Europium-labeled streptavidin to the blot at the secondary antibody step. (moleculardevices.com)
  • The ScanLater Western Blot Detection System, including the ScanLater Western Blot Protein Ladder, is a simple, sensitive, and stable platform that provides excellent protein analysis capability in a multi-mode microplate reader. (moleculardevices.com)
  • To answer this question the calcium binding protein detection method developed by Maruyama et ale (1984) was utilized. (kzoo.edu)
  • Cells depend on their DNA for coding information to make various classes of proteins that include enzymes, certain hormones, transport proteins, and structural proteins that support life. (cdc.gov)
  • Glycosylation, a post-translational modification affects the biophysical, functional and biochemical properties and provides structural complexity for these proteins. (amrita.edu)
  • Table 1 lists the major structural proteins coded for by the HIV genome. (cdc.gov)
  • Vaccination with these proteins resulted in an impaired establishment of adult stages and consequently a reduction in the burden of mL1 in BALB/c mice. (westminster.ac.uk)
  • Assuming 4-5 pg of protein from a typical haploid yeast cell and an average protein molecular weight of 50 kDa, this gives a total constituency of ~50 million protein molecules. (harvard.edu)
  • Researchers have discovered a new way to determine the molecular weight ― by counting molecules. (lu.se)
  • For small molecules, the molecular weight is known by the chemical structure. (lu.se)
  • There are different methods for molecular weight measurements today but most work are at high concentration, which will give unreliable results if molecules or particles aggregate. (lu.se)
  • By knowing the total mass of the molecules in the sample, the average molecular weight can be directly calculated based on its definition: the mass divided by the number. (lu.se)
  • By identifying many sGAG-specific interacting proteins, our data provide a resource for upcoming studies aimed at molecular mechanisms and understanding of sGAG cellular effects. (degruyter.com)
  • This compartmental organisation demands that newly synthesised proteins are accurately and efficiently targeted to their appropriate sub-cellular locations. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • if immediate recombination does not occur, these can manifest as some type of molecular, cellular, or organic system alteration. (cdc.gov)
  • Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)
  • The Recombinant Human CXCL2/GRO beta Protein is derived from E. coli. (fishersci.com)
  • Both enzymes were purified from E. coli cells and partially characterized by determining their specific activity, apparent molecular weight and pI. (lu.se)
  • As a result, a DNA "ladder" composed of DNA pieces of known molecular mass is created on the gel. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we used an affinity-purification mass spectrometry-based (AP-MS) approach to identify novel and particularly intracellular sGAG-interacting proteins in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC). (degruyter.com)
  • Contains experimentally-derived protein half-life data obtained using stable isotope labeling by amino acids (SILAC) coupled with mass spectrometry. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Mass spectrometry combined with database searching is today the preferred method for protein identification. (lu.se)
  • Protein post-translational cleavage: Many proteins are synthesized as pro-proteins, and then cleaved to give the active/mature forms with decreased MW (e.g., pro-caspases to active caspases). (genetex.com)
  • Here we report that nonglycosylated full-length and C-terminal truncated amyloid precursor protein (APP) accumulates exclusively in the protein import channels of mitochondria of human AD brains but not in age-matched controls. (jneurosci.org)
  • Sorting of proteins to specific compartments within mitochondria. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • The identification of the intracellular sGAG-interacting proteins could help to unravel these functions. (degruyter.com)
  • Positive and negative control serum specimens are run simultaneously to allow identification of viral proteins. (cdc.gov)
  • The described multiple- scale strategy both avoids time-consuming parameter tuning and exceeds the human operator in protein identification efficiency. (lu.se)
  • It then follows that protein identification should be based on several peak sets, which represent different parameter settings for the peak picking algorithm, rather than a single peak set. (lu.se)
  • Immunoproteasomes are specialized versions of proteasomes, which are large complexes that recognize and break down (degrade) unneeded, excess, or abnormal proteins within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In the presence of proteins, their interactions with the precursor initiate a self-assembly process of the hydrogelator around them. (rsc.org)
  • Phosphorylation: Phosphorylation will increase the observed size of the target protein due to the negatively charged phosphate group impacting SDS binding, thus altering the protein's electrophoretic mobility. (genetex.com)
  • Protein translocation into and across the ER membrane. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • The SNARE complex assembles from the vesicular protein Synaptobrevin-2 as well as SNAP25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa) and Syntaxin-1, which are both anchored to the presynaptic membrane 2 . (nature.com)
  • A comprehensive evaluation of milk protein molecular weight distribution based on exclusion chromatography dataset. (cabi.org)
  • Molecular weight is one of the main characteristic parameters of proteins, which is the basis for the functional properties of milk protein. (cabi.org)
  • At the ribosome, the processed mRNA is translated to produce proteins from amino acid units. (cdc.gov)
  • This section also contains protein abundance data for both untreated and treated cells obtained from over 20 studies. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Low abundance proteins, on the other hand, produce weak spectra and often represent the interesting unknown processes. (lu.se)
  • Summary/Conclusion: Our information highlight that exosomes biogenesis is not only dependent on ILV budding but additionally on a global CD171/L1CAM Proteins Formulation regulation of endosomal homeostasis. (5htreceptor.com)
  • Glycosylation: Glycosylation will increase the size of the target protein. (genetex.com)
  • Treating cells with glycosylation inhibitors (e.g., tunicamycin to block N-linked glycosylation or Benzyl-α-GalNAc (BαG) to block O-glycosylation) can be used to generate the unmodified target protein. (genetex.com)
  • The observed size can also be influenced by the amino acid composition of the target protein. (genetex.com)
  • However, there are various factors that can affect protein migration on SDS-PAGE, resulting in an observed signal that differs from the expected MW. (genetex.com)
  • The linear relationship between the molecular weight of the biotinylated ladder proteins and their migration distance on the gel is examined in Figure 2 in comparison with a reference standard. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Figure 2: Migration vs. molecular weight. (moleculardevices.com)
  • The migration distances of seven proteins in the ScanLater Western Blot Protein Ladder are plotted and fitted as a function of their respective molecular weights. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Target proteins may form multimers (dimers, trimers, and so on) and display one or more bands of increased MW. (genetex.com)
  • The ScanLater Western Blot Protein Ladder consists of seven biotinylated recombinant proteins at 10, 20, 40, 50, 80, 100 and 140 kD. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Along with protein samples of interest, simply load one of the lanes on the gel with 4 µL of ScanLater Western Blot Protein Ladder. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Eu-streptavidin binds to the protein ladder, and Eu-secondary antibody binds specifically to the primary antibody attached to the protein of interest. (moleculardevices.com)
  • The globulin fraction contains myosin, the contractile protein, which also occurs in blood platelets , small bodies found in blood. (britannica.com)
  • Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is the blood transport protein for testosterone and estradiol. (cdc.gov)