Proteins to regulate sumo inhibitor protein. Medical search. Frequent questions

These functions include acting as E3 SUMO-protein ligases during SUMOylation, which is an important process in transcriptional regulation. (wikipedia.org)
LEADS TO this study through the use of HEK293T cells we've discovered that Hes-1 could possibly be SUMO-modified and Hes-1 SUMOylation was significantly enhanced with the SUMO E3 ligase PIAS1 at Lys8 Lys27 and Lys39. (molecularcircuit.com)
Furthermore Hes-1 SUMOylation stabilized the Hes-1 proteins and elevated the transcriptional suppressing activity of Hes-1 on development arrest and DNA damage-inducible proteins alpha (GADD45α) appearance. (molecularcircuit.com)
Furthermore Hes-1 SUMOylation was unbiased of Hes-1 phosphorylation and and (Hes-1) is normally a transcriptional repressor is one of the simple helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins family members and was proven to play a pivotal function in legislation of cell differentiation and proliferation in a variety of cell types during advancement [1]. (molecularcircuit.com)
Results PIAS1 and PIASx Stimulate Sumoylation of p53 and c-Jun sumoylation assay, where a 35S-labeled substrate, generated by translation, serves as a target for SUMO changes in the presence of recombinant E1 (the Aos1/Uba2 heterodimer), recombinant Ubc9, SUMO-1, and ATP. (cancer-pictures.org)
PIAS did not exert any effects on sumoylation of the IB protein (Fig. (cancer-pictures.org)
the effects of garcinol, a HAT inhibitor, differed from those of GA in regulating adipocyte commitment and adipocyte maturation of mBMSCs, implying the GA function in adipogenesis is likely through its activity like a sumoylation inhibitor, not as a HAT inhibitor. (rue2011.com)
Intro Sumoylation is definitely a post-translational changes in which small ubiquitin modifiers (SUMOs) are conjugated to protein targets from the E1, E2, and E3 sumoylation enzymes. (rue2011.com)
Sumoylation and desumoylation are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as nuclear-to-cytosolic translocation, transcriptional rules, apoptosis, protein stability, response to stress, and stem cell/progenitor maintenance, pluripotency, and differentiation2C6. (rue2011.com)
UBC9 (ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 9), the only known E2 sumoylation enzyme in cells, negatively regulates osteoblastic differentiation induced by BMP (bone morphogenetic protein), partially via sumoylation of SMAD48. (rue2011.com)
Because sumoylation has a significant function in regulating stem cell differentiation and maintenance, we are motivated to review the function of sumoylation-modulating chemical substances in MSC differentiation. (rue2011.com)
Ginkgolic acidity (GA) was selected to suppress the sumoylation pathway since it was reported being a powerful inhibitor from the sumoylation E1 enzyme21. (rue2011.com)
Pds5p is SUMO conjugated, with sumoylation peaking during mitosis. (silverchair.com)
These data provide the first link between a protein required for cohesion, Pds5p, and sumoylation, and suggest that Pds5p sumoylation promotes the dissolution of cohesion. (silverchair.com)
SUMOylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that has been found to play a major role in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. (frontiersin.org)
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation, can regulate the function of proteins, determine the active state and subcellular location of proteins, and dynamically interact with other proteins related to carcinogenesis and progression ( 17 - 20 ). (frontiersin.org)
SUMOylation of proteins is an important mechanism in cellular responses to environmental stress ( 21 , 22 ). (frontiersin.org)
Proteins associated with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway have been identified as SUMOylated substrates, and evidences suggested that the initiation and progression of cancers depended on the function of the SUMOylation ( 23 ). (frontiersin.org)
This suggests the possibility that strictly regulated self-renewal mediated by Wnt signaling in cancer cells may be disturbed by the SUMOylation pathway to allow more malignant proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
We further found that SET domain bifurcated 1 (Setdb1) was a SUMOylated protein and that SUMOylation promoted Setdb1 occupancy on the promoter locus of Pparg and Cebpa genes to suppress their expressions by H3K9me3. (deepdyve.com)
2010). Senp2 also regulates fatty acid metabolism in skeletal Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jmcb/article-abstract/10/3/258/4763638 by Ed 'DeepDyve' Gillespie user on 26 June 2018 Senp2 regulates adipose lipid storage by de-SUMOylation of Setdb1 j 259 muscle (Koo et al. (deepdyve.com)
Eventually, SUMO is removed intact from its substrate SUMOylated proteins, and so the SUMOylation/deSUMOylation cycle regulates SUMOs function. (salvesenlab.org)
Finally, we showed that Bonus SUMOylation is mediated by the SUMO E3-ligase Su(var)2-10, revealing that although SUMOylation of TIF1 proteins is conserved between insects and mammals, both the mechanism and specific site of modification is different in the two taxa. (elifesciences.org)
Figure 1B: Induction of SUMOylation by heat shock and reduction of SUMOylation by SUMO-2 shRNA knockdown. (cytoskeleton.com)

PIAS protein's interaction with STAT signaling requires tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT proteins. (wikipedia.org)
The repression activity of Hes-1 SSI-1 could be controlled by proteins phosphorylation. (molecularcircuit.com)
Our latest finding signifies that phosphorylation of Hes-1 at Ser263 by c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) stabilizes the Hes-1 proteins and enhances its suppressing influence on α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acidity receptor subunit GluR1 appearance [3]. (molecularcircuit.com)
Furthermore phosphorylation at proteins kinase C consensus LY2784544 (Gandotinib) sites (Ser37 Ser38) in the essential domains of Hes-1 inhibits the DNA-binding activity of Hes-1 during nerve development factor arousal of Computer12 cell differentiation [4]. (molecularcircuit.com)
Furthermore Hes-1 phosphorylation by calmodulin-dependent proteins kinase II delta transforms it from a repressor for an activator that's needed is for neuronal stem cell differentiation [5]. (molecularcircuit.com)
The activity of the p53 tumor suppressor protein and the c-Jun protooncogene is regulated by posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation or ubiquitination. (cancer-pictures.org)
Homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs) belong to the CMGC kinase family and are closely related to dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs). (nature.com)
HIPKs belong to the CMGC group of serine/threonine kinases and are part of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family. (nature.com)
It's most likely that incomplete phosphorylation, i. e. not all monomers are phosphorylated, may well interfere with protein function. (kspinhibitors.com)
Furthermore, by adding various kinase inhibitors, we confirmed that the phosphorylation status of rpS3 was regulated by both Lyn and doxorubicin, and the phosphorylation of rpS3 by Lyn increased drug resistance in cells by upregulating p-glycoprotein translation. (bmbreports.org)
In human cells infected with herpes simplex virus 1 the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is activated but phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) and total shutoff of protein synthesis is observed only in cells infected with gamma(1)z34.5- mutants. (scienceopen.com)
L ike protein phosphorylation by kinases, protein ubiquitylation regulates many aspects of cell function and provides a wealth of drug target opportunities across many therapeutic areas including cancer, cardiovascular, metabolism, inflammation, neurodegeneration and infectious diseases. (ddw-online.com)

Regulation of the Tumor-Suppressor Function of the Class III Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Complex by Ubiquitin and SUMO. (ruhr-uni-bochum.de)
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a key component of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor signaling complex that regulates both pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling. (mdpi.com)
It has been reported that RNF4 negatively regulates TNF-α-induced activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) through downregulation of transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) activity, indicating the possibility that RNF4-mediated TAK1 suppression results in enhanced sensitivity to cell death. (mdpi.com)
Homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs) are an evolutionarily conserved kinase family comprising the members HIPK1, HIPK2, and HIPK3 in vertebrates, and, additionally, HIPK4 in mammals. (nature.com)
An in vitro immunocomplex kinase assay indicated that the rpS3 protein acts as a substrate for Lyn, which phosphorylates the Y167 residue of rpS3. (bmbreports.org)
The gamma(1)34.5 protein of herpes simplex virus 1 complexes with protein phosphatase 1alpha to dephosphorylate the alpha subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 and preclude the shutoff of protein synthesis by double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase. (scienceopen.com)
However, over the same period protein kinases have rapidly become one of the most significant classes of drug targets for the pharmaceutical industry, with the global market for kinase therapies being about US$15 billion per annum in 2010 and this value is predicted to double by 2020 (3). (ddw-online.com)

While PIAS proteins interact with at least 60 different proteins involved in transcription, they are known to act as E3 SUMO-protein ligases. (wikipedia.org)
The SUMO E3 ligases after that transfer the SUMO molecule from UBC9 to particular substrate proteins [7]. (molecularcircuit.com)
SUMO ligases conjugate the protein, via its C-terminal carboxylate, to the side-chain lysine of target proteins to generate an isopeptide linkage. (salvesenlab.org)
This gene encodes a member of a family of E3 small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) ligases that mediates the attachment of a SUMO protein to proteins involved in nuclear transport, transcription, chromosome segregation and DNA repair. (nih.gov)

The dynamically regulated subcellular localization of key factors involved in different biochemical pathways represents an integral building block of cellular physiology. (ruhr-uni-bochum.de)
In this context we are mainly interested in how the PtIns3P-signaling cascades regulate the different autophagic transport pathways as well as endocytic and vesicular trafficking routes to the vacuole/lysosome. (ruhr-uni-bochum.de)
Furthermore, the Wnt/β-catenin can crosstalk with other signaling pathways including Notch, FGF, Hedgehog, and TGF-β/BMP signaling cascades to form a signaling network to regulate the survival and progression of cancer cells ( 14 - 16 ). (frontiersin.org)
Using the techniques of protein chemistry, enzymology, crystallography, and genome editing, we analyze the basic mechanism utilized by proteases to promote cell death pathways, and the mechanisms and specificity of the natural inhibitors that control them. (salvesenlab.org)
Because the recognized proteins are in volved in various cellular metabolic pathways the close interaction pattern, evident using the high self-confidence score 0. (kspinhibitors.com)
Bonus has been implicated in embryonic development and organogenesis and shown to regulate several signaling pathways, however, its targets and mechanism of action remained poorly understood. (elifesciences.org)
These functions are important for maintaining cellular homeostasis and are regulated through several pathways. (bmbreports.org)
In eukaryotic cells, the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway and lysosomal proteolysis are the two main pathways of protein degradation. (amerigoscientific.com)

MURF-1 also binds to ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme-9 and isopeptidase T-3, enzymes involved in small ubiquitin-related modifier-mediated nuclear import, and with glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein-1 (GMEB-1), a transcriptional regulator. (rupress.org)

Post-translational adjustment of protein with little ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) continues to be recognized as a significant mechanism for legislation of various mobile features [6]. (molecularcircuit.com)
The main question in both cases concerns the functional role of the posttranslational modification of proteins with ubiquitin, as well as the impact of signalling lipids like phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P). (ruhr-uni-bochum.de)
In this study, we found that RING finger protein 4 (RNF4), a RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase, is required for the RIPK1 autophosphorylation and subsequent cell death. (mdpi.com)
Modification of proteins by the small ubiquitin-like modifier SUMO is a dynamic and reversible process. (salvesenlab.org)
Silencing of the SAC during metaphase activates the ubiquitin ligase APC/C (anaphase-promoting complex, also known as the cyclosome) and results in the proteasomal destruction of the separase inhibitor securin 1 . (nature.com)
The ubiquitin/proteasome pathway that degrades ubiquitin-tagged cell target proteins through the proteasome is a common regulatory modification system involved in the regulation of cell cycle, signal transduction, DNA damage response, apoptosis, and immune response. (amerigoscientific.com)
Ubiquitin binds reversibly to the target protein via an enzyme cascade including ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1, ubiquitin-conjugation enzyme E2, and ubiquitin-protein ligase E3. (amerigoscientific.com)
Subsequently, the ubiquitin-labeled target protein is recognized by the proteasome and eventually degraded into small peptides. (amerigoscientific.com)
Ubiquitin is an 8.5-kDa polypeptide that exists in all eukaryotic cells and acts as a tag in post-translational modification of proteins. (amerigoscientific.com)
Ubiquitin is a β-grasp fold protein consisting of a 3.5-turn α-helix, a short 310 helix against a five-strand mixed β-sheet and seven reverse turns. (amerigoscientific.com)
In addition to ubiquitin, there are several ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) that can also be conjugated to and alter the function of substrate proteins. (amerigoscientific.com)
UBLs are a family of proteins that have similar three-dimensional structures and related sequences to ubiquitin. (amerigoscientific.com)
Ubiquitin chains occur when ubiquitin proteins are linked by the carboxy terminus of one ubiquitin to one of lysine residues (K6, K11, K27, K29, K33, K48, and K63) or the N-terminal methionine residue (M1) on the other ubiquitin. (amerigoscientific.com)
The C terminus of ubiquitin must be activated before it can form isopeptide bonds with other proteins. (amerigoscientific.com)
The activated ubiquitin is then transferred via a transesterification reaction to a cysteine residue in the active site of the E2 enzymes, which finally transfers the activated ubiquitin moiety to an amino group of the target protein. (amerigoscientific.com)
Ubiquitylation describes the covalent attachment of a small 76-amino acid protein, ubiquitin, to other proteins. (ddw-online.com)

Plk1 is mainly expressed during the late G2 and M phase, where it regulates various stages of mitosis [ 2 , 7 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Paclitaxel triggers anti-mitotic actions by impeding the cell cycle in the late Everolimus mTOR inhibitor stages of mitosis, backing microtubule formation, and eventually inducing apoptosis. (gp120-inhibitors.com)

Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD34 targets protein phosphatase 1 alpha to the endoplasmic reticulum and promotes dephosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2. (scienceopen.com)

The seven proteins that belong to the mammalian PIAS family are encoded by four genes: PIAS1, PIAS2 (PIASx), PIAS3, and PIAS4 (PIASy). (wikipedia.org)
Due to alternative splicing, some PIAS protein-encoding genes encode multiple protein products called isoforms. (wikipedia.org)
Recently, it was reported the desumoylase SENP3 is definitely associated with MLL1/MLL2 complexes and desumoylates RBBP5, therefore activating a subset of HOX genes that regulate osteoblast differentiation9. (rue2011.com)
by regulating lipogenesis-related genes (Ahmadian et al. (deepdyve.com)
The conserved family of Transcription Intermediary Factors (TIF1) proteins consists of key transcriptional regulators that control transcription of target genes by modulating chromatin state. (elifesciences.org)
Identification of miRNA-regulated targeting genes is important for understanding their specific biological functions [ 11 ]. (degruyter.com)

Proteins inhibitor of turned on STAT1 (PIAS1) is normally a SUMO E3 ligase is one of the PIAS proteins family that's well examined in the disease fighting capability [8 9 Through LY2784544 (Gandotinib) ligase activity-dependent or -unbiased system PIAS1 regulates the experience of distinctive proteins including transcription elements [10]. (molecularcircuit.com)
To further examine whether the SUMO ligase activity of PIAS proteins is BGJ398 enzyme inhibitor restricted to p53, we tested several other SUMO targets in this system. (cancer-pictures.org)
Naturally occurring mutations in this gene, that abolish the SUMO ligase activity, are associated with primordial dwarfism and extreme insulin resistance. (nih.gov)

The tiny ubiqwitin-like modifier protein (SUMO) regulates transcriptional activity and the translocation of proteins across the nuclear membrane1. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)

CYB5A trapped our principal focused not only be induce of lack of knowledge concerning its sub cellular area and down regulation in nuclear membrane of HCC in contrast to fibrotic liver and HepG2 cell lines, but also mainly because of S nitrosylation of this protein. (kspinhibitors.com)
Emerging information suggests that CYB5A together with other nuclear proteins are concerned in HCC progression. (kspinhibitors.com)
These success enable us to propose sub cellular localization of CYB5A as down regulated nuclear membrane protein that has a mechanism proposed in different pathophysiological problems as aberrant S nitrosylation, brought about by altered NO production. (kspinhibitors.com)
EBNA3C is an EBV-encoded nuclear protein, essential for proliferation of EBV infected B-lymphocytes. (scienceopen.com)
When both proteins are overexpressed, Gadd34 can interact with EBNA3C in both nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. (scienceopen.com)

This research is currently directed at dissecting the proteolytic components of the intracellular pathway that leads to regulated cell death, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and necrosis. (salvesenlab.org)
Upon treatment with Plk1 inhibitors, p53 in tumor cells is activated and induces strong apoptosis, whereas tumor cells with inactive p53 arrest in mitosis with DNA damage. (oncotarget.com)
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is a multifunctional cytokine and plays important roles in regulating cell proliferation, cell cycle, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis in a broad spectrum of tissues [ 12 ]. (degruyter.com)

In the SUMO pathway SUMO precursors are initial prepared by SUMO-specific proteases and turned on by E1 enzyme and eventually used in the E2 conjugation enzyme UBC9. (molecularcircuit.com)
1.5 l of translation product was incubated for 2 h at 30C inside a 20-l reaction (50 mM Tris, pH 7.5/5 mM MgCl2/2 mM ATP) containing 100 ng E1 (Aos1/Uba2), 50 ng of Ubc9, and 2 g of SUMO-GG. (cancer-pictures.org)
However, these experiments were performed in the presence BGJ398 enzyme inhibitor of relatively high amounts of Ubc9. (cancer-pictures.org)
or presence (+) of the assay blend comprising recombinant E1 (Aos1/Uba2), Ubc9, and SUMO-1. (cancer-pictures.org)

SUMO is normally a polypeptide about 100 proteins in length that's covalently mounted on substrate proteins over the lysine (Lys) residue. (molecularcircuit.com)

Research on protein kinases is now reported to account for approximately 30% of the drug discovery programmes in the pharmaceutical industry and more than 50% of cancer research and development (3). (ddw-online.com)

Protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS), also known as E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS, is a protein that regulates transcription in mammals. (wikipedia.org)
PIAS proteins act as transcriptional co-regulators with at least 60 different proteins in order to either activate or repress transcription. (wikipedia.org)
The transcription factors STAT, NF-κB, p73, and p53 are among the many proteins that PIAS interacts with. (wikipedia.org)
Homologues of PIAS proteins have been found in other eukaryotes, including Zimp/dPIAS in Drosophila melanogaster and zfPIAS4a in zebrafish. (wikipedia.org)
PIAS proteins contain each conserved domain and motif of the PIAS protein family, with a few exceptions. (wikipedia.org)
The known functions of these domains and motifs are similar among all PIAS protein family members. (wikipedia.org)
Presently, less is known about the higher order structure of PIAS proteins. (wikipedia.org)
PIAS proteins have potential applications in cancer treatment and prevention. (wikipedia.org)
PIAS proteins were named based on their ability to inhibit STAT. For example, PIAS1 inhibited STAT1, and PIAS3 inhibited STAT3. (wikipedia.org)
When it was discovered that PIAS proteins did far more than simply inhibit STATs, it was proposed that the PIAS acronym should stand for Pleiotropic Interactors Associated with SUMO based on their association with SUMO proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS is an alternative name for PIAS proteins. (wikipedia.org)
The table below lists the seven known proteins that belong to the mammalian PIAS protein family. (wikipedia.org)
Homologues of PIAS proteins have been found in other eukaryotes, and several are listed below: Zimp/dPIAS in Drosophila melanogaster zfPIAS4a in zebrafish SIZ1 and SIZ2 in yeast PIAS proteins contribute to the control of gene expression, and may be considered transcriptional co-regulators. (wikipedia.org)
In essence, the RING-finger-like zinc-binding domain of the PIAS protein assists in the attachment of a SUMO protein to the target transcription factor. (wikipedia.org)
Attachment of a SUMO protein to the target allows for protein-protein interaction between PIAS and the transcription factor. (wikipedia.org)
One function of PIAS proteins is to relocate transcriptional regulators to different compartments within the nucleus of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
PIAS proteins also play a key role in double-stranded break DNA repair. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, PIAS proteins are important transcriptional co-regulators of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. (wikipedia.org)
The three-dimensional protein structures of PIAS2, PIAS3, and PIAS-like protein SIZ1 were recently solved using X-ray crystallography. (wikipedia.org)
GST-PIAS proteins were added inside a concentration range from 10 to 100 ng. (cancer-pictures.org)

Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a delicate and complex signal transduction pathway mediated by multiple signaling molecules, which plays a significant role in regulating human physiology and pathology. (frontiersin.org)
This has led to an improved understanding of the multilayered mechanisms of this pathway transduction proceeds as well as the molecular mechanism regulating this pathway ( 28 ). (frontiersin.org)
Pathway enrichment analysis connected to HCC pathology Owning validated selleckchem Epigenetic inhibitor our Mass spectrometry result of CYB5A, we delineated the biological function associa ted with this elevated protein alterations primarily based over the regarded protein functions according to SWISS PROT, classifications supplied in the KEGG database, GO anno tation, Reactome, Uniprot, ENSEMBL, PINC analysis pathway and Panther classifica tion technique. (kspinhibitors.com)

Based on a database search, we identified abemaciclib, an FDA-approved Cdk4/Cdk6 inhibitor used for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, as potent inhibitor of HIPK2, HIPK3, and DYRK1A. (nature.com)

35S]Methionine-labeled translated proteins BGJ398 enzyme inhibitor were incubated with the relevant GST-fusion proteins loaded on glutathione-Sepharose 4b beads for 2 h at 4C in GST binding buffer (120 BGJ398 enzyme inhibitor mM NaCl/50 mM Tris, pH 8/0.25% Nonidet P-40/1 mM PMSF/1 mM DTT). (cancer-pictures.org)
Even though conditional ablation of Mtmr2 in motorneurons in mice did not reveal signs of axonal damage or neuronopathy, a cell autonomous part of Mtmr2 paid down excitatory synapse density and function and it had been suggested that the MTMR2/PSD95 complex contributes to the maintenance of excitatory synapses by suppressing exorbitant endosome formation and harmful Conjugating enzyme inhibitor endosomal traffic to lysosomes. (gp120-inhibitors.com)

Signaling is initiated when the Wnt ligand binds to the Frizzled receptor on the cell membrane and the LDL receptor-associated protein 5/6 (LRP5/6) co-receptor. (frontiersin.org)
ELAC1 has been in the use and may as define as an RNase Z. In pyrophosphates subfamilies are transcribed from coupling tubules in the function by a two receptor chromatin that appears ultraviolet from protein threatening( reviewed in Popow et al. (evakoch.com)

Additional study is needed to find out whether or not NO manufacturing induces post translational modifications of protein and modulates protein function in HCC cell. (kspinhibitors.com)
Specifically, we are interested in post-translational modifications, changes to a protein after it's produced, which add an incredible level of diversity to the underlying proteins within a cell and can control a diverse array of processes, including protein stability, interactions, and activity. (upenn.edu)
Are there any known post-translational modifications of the ANXA4 protein? (creativebiomart.net)

GST-PIAS1, GST-PIASx, and GST-PIASxC362S fusion proteins were indicated in BL21, and the proteins were purified on glutathione-Sepharose 4B beads (Amersham Pharmacia) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (cancer-pictures.org)
Rescued plasmids were digested with for 20 moments at 4 °C. His6-tagged proteins were purified with TALON Co2+ affinity resin (Clontech) and GST fusion proteins were purified by using glutathione Sepharose 4B (Amersham Biosciences) according to the manufacturer's protocols. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)

In contrast, knocking down an isoform of PIAS2, which is an RMC-4550 important E3 SUMO ligase, can markedly reduce the manifestation of osterix (OSX, a key osteogenic transcription element), therefore suppressing osteoblastic differentiation and matrix mineralization10. (rue2011.com)
The expression of ANXA4 can be regulated by various factors, including cellular differentiation, hormones, and cytokines. (creativebiomart.net)

Anti-SUMO2/3 antibody is a SUMO-2/3 mouse monoclonal antibody that is part of the Signal-Seeker™ product line. (cytoskeleton.com)
Anti-SUMO-2/3 mouse monoclonal antibody was raised against full-length recombinant SUMO-2 protein (Uniprot: P61956) combined with a proprietary mix of peptides that include CQIRFRFDGQPINE. (cytoskeleton.com)

The antibody has been shown to recognize a wide range of SUMO-2/3-targeted proteins in HeLa cell lysate (Fig. 1B) and to detect sub-nanogram amounts of recombinant SUMO-2 (Fig. 1A). (cytoskeleton.com)
Figure 1A: Titration of recombinant SUMO-2 (40-0.6 ng) and SUMO-1 (800 ng). (cytoskeleton.com)

After washing proteins were eluted from the streptavidin beads separated on SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with anti-GluR6/7 antibody (1/2 0 as previously described9. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Anti-SUMO-2/3 Monoclonal Antibody from Cytoskeleton, Inc. (cytoskeleton.com)
Western blots of immunoprecipitated proteins were developed using 12F3 (A) or anti-TFII-I antibody (B). (A) Star (*) and circle (o) indicate heavy and light chains of antibodies. (cytoskeleton.com)

We can isolate soluble as well as membrane bound protein complexes and study their assembly, and can also purify heterologously expressed proteins from bacteria in order to study protein-protein interactions or ubiquitination reactions in vitro. (ruhr-uni-bochum.de)
Three types of enzymes are required to ubiquitination process of proteins. (amerigoscientific.com)

Apart from PIAS1, each gene encodes two protein isoforms. (wikipedia.org)
The carboxyl-terminal 64 aa of gamma(1)34.5 protein are homologous to the corresponding domain of MyD116, the murine growth arrest and DNA damage gene 34 (GADD34) protein and the two domains are functionally interchangeable in infected cells. (scienceopen.com)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
NSMCE2, a novel super-enhancer-regulated gene, is linked to poor prognosis and therapy resistance in breast cancer. (nih.gov)
Huntington's disease is a genetic neurological disorder caused by a repeated expansion of the CAG trinucleotide, causing instability in the N-terminal of the gene coding for the Huntingtin protein. (benthamscience.com)

The SUMO-specific protease family (SENP) desumoylases can remove SUMO modifications from proteins1,2. (rue2011.com)
In this study, we observed the overexpression of SUMO-speci﫿c protease 2 (Senp2) in adipose tissues during obesity. (deepdyve.com)
Accepted December 19, studies have shown that SUMO-speci﫿c protease 2 (Senp2)is involved in myogenesis (Qi et al. (deepdyve.com)
Protease signaling in animal and plant-regulated cell death. (salvesenlab.org)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a kind of small noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of protein through targeting the 3′UTR of messenger RNA (mRNA), resulting in mRNA degradation or suppression of translation [ 5 ]. (degruyter.com)
Considering that each microRNA regulates up to hundreds of different mRNAs, and that each mRNA is regulated by tens of microRNAs, this finding adds a new layer of complexity to the regulatory dynamics of the human transcriptome. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

We found that SET domain bifurcated 1 Since no difference in food intake was observed between adqcKO f/f (Setdb1) was a SUMOylated protein and that Senp2 de-SUMOylated Senp2 and Senp2 mice fedeitherwithNCD or HFD and regulated Setdb1 action in trimethylation at histone 3 lysine 9 (Supplementary Figure S2A). (deepdyve.com)

Disordered protein regions partner up the cBAF remodeler for a chromatin dance. (uni-muenchen.de)
The histone chaperone ANP32B regulates chromatin incorporation of the atypical human histone variant macroH2A. (uni-muenchen.de)

Despite its small genome and limited number of effector proteins, Ehrlichia efficiently establishes an intracellular infection and avoids immune defenses in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts through complex molecular and cellular reprogramming strategies. (frontiersin.org)
Ribosomal protein S3 is a protein component of the ribosome, which is a cellular structure that plays a central role in protein synthesis. (bmbreports.org)
ANXA4 can also interact with other annexin proteins or cytoskeletal proteins, potentially contributing to its diverse cellular functions. (creativebiomart.net)

PIAS1, PIAS3, and PIAS4 have been shown to recruit proteins to the site of the damage and promote repair. (wikipedia.org)

Molecular basis of peroxisomal biogenesis disorders caused by defects in peroxisomal matrix protein import. (ruhr-uni-bochum.de)
Many rapidly degraded proteins have regulatory molecular functions. (amerigoscientific.com)

Overexpression of Hes-1 reduced H2O2-induced cell loss of life but this impact was obstructed by transfection from the Hes-1 triple sumo-mutant (Hes-1 3KR). (molecularcircuit.com)

The proposed mechanism for maintenance of protein synthesis in the face of double-stranded RNA accumulation is different from that described for viruses examined to date. (scienceopen.com)
For example, some favorite modifications can lead to the protein being degraded which provides a mechanism to get rid of proteins which cause disease. (upenn.edu)

1mg of lysate was used for the immunoprecipitation of SUMO-2/3 conjugates. (cytoskeleton.com)

Reactions were incubated for 2 h at 30 °C. Proteins were subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and electrotransfer onto PVDF-membrane. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Boil the mixture for 10 min before loading (for membrane protein lysates, incubate the mixture at room temperature for 30 min). (creativebiomart.net)

The SUMO cycle begins when SUMO precursors are processed to remove short C-terminal extensions, thereby uncapping the C-terminal Gly-Gly motif that is essential for conjugation. (salvesenlab.org)
A group of proteases known as SENPs are involved in both the activation of SUMO precursors (endopeptidase cleavage) and deconjugation of the targets (isopeptidase cleavage). (salvesenlab.org)

Nonetheless, due to the absence of cysteine residue from the CYB5A protein sequence, we propose that the other thiol groups are nitrosylated during the studied HCC specimens. (kspinhibitors.com)

The encoded protein is part of the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) 5/6 complex which plays a key role genome maintenance, facilitating chromosome segregation and suppressing mitotic recombination. (nih.gov)

Protein concentration was determined using a colorimetric assay. (creativebiomart.net)

Plk1 inhibitors target all rapidly dividing cells irrespective of tumor cells or non-transformed normal but proliferating cells. (oncotarget.com)

The interaction patterns are going to be useful to get a much better understanding of the protein practical activities. (kspinhibitors.com)
This download is the types and cells led from a human assembly target content soccer methylated alongside the set of two interaction localizing enzyme proteins in New Zealand. (evakoch.com)
Using EBNA3C amino acids 365-545 in a yeast two hybrid screen, we found an interaction with the Growth Arrest and DNA-damage protein, Gadd34. (scienceopen.com)
Furthermore, interaction is lost with a mutant of EBNA3C ( 509 DVIEVID 515 →AVIAVIA), that abolishes EBNA3C coactivation ability as well as SUMO interaction[ 1 ]. (scienceopen.com)
To investigate the functional significance of this interaction, we expressed green fluorescent protein fusion constructs encoding defined fragments of titin's M-line region and MURF-1 in cardiac myocytes. (rupress.org)
Does ANXA4 have any interaction partners or binding proteins? (creativebiomart.net)

The histone chaperone FACT facilitates heterochromatin spreading by regulating histone turnover and H3K9 methylation states. (uni-muenchen.de)

These results indicate that in infected cells, gamma(1)34.5 interacts with and redirects phosphatase to dephosphorylate eIF-2alpha to enable continued protein synthesis despite the presence of activated PKR. (scienceopen.com)
The COOH-terminal A168-170 region of the giant sarcomeric protein titin interacts with muscle-specific RING finger-1 (MURF-1). (rupress.org)

Figure 1C: Specificity of SUMO-2 knockdown signal. (cytoskeleton.com)

We identified SMT4 , which encodes a SUMO isopeptidase, as a high copy suppressor of both the temperature sensitivity and precocious sister dissociation of pds5 mutants. (silverchair.com)

The level of protein within cells is determined by both the rate of synthesis and the rate of degradation. (amerigoscientific.com)
Faulty or damaged proteins are recognized and rapidly degraded within the cells, thereby eliminating the consequences of errors in protein synthesis. (amerigoscientific.com)

Ribosomal protein S3 (RpS3) is involved in protein biosynthesis as a component of the ribosome complex and possesses endonuclease activity to repair damaged DNA. (bmbreports.org)
Effects of Nephrolithiasis on Serum DNase (Deoxyribonuclease I and II) Activity and E3 SUMO-Protein Ligase NSE2 (NSMCE2) in Malaysian Individuals. (nih.gov)

Yes, ANXA4 has been shown to interact with several proteins and lipids. (creativebiomart.net)

Acute loss of securin and SGO2, but not of either protein individually, resulted in separase deregulation associated with premature cohesin cleavage and cytotoxicity. (nature.com)

The difference in protein degradation rates is an important aspect of cell regulation. (amerigoscientific.com)
Cell lysates were prepared from HeLa cells: Lane 2: Heat Shock treated (43°C for 10min), Lane 3: untreated, Lane 4: shRNA SUMO-2 knock down. (cytoskeleton.com)
Lane 1: parental HeLa cell lysates, Lane 2: SUMO-2 shRNA control lysates, Lane 3: SUMO-1 shRNA knock-down cell lysates, Lane 4: SUMO-2 shRNA knock-down cell lysates. (cytoskeleton.com)

Beads were washed three times with binding buffer, and bound proteins were eluted with SDS sample buffer and analyzed by gel electrophoresis, followed by autoradiography. (cancer-pictures.org)
On the second day the media was changed to Neurobasal medium supplemented with B27 only and the neurons were then fed weekly with this glutamine-free medium until use (21-25 days for 20 min at 4 °C) supernatants containing equal amount of protein were incubated with streptavidin ADL5859 HCl beads to immunoprecipitate the surface-biotinylated proteins. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
After many washes in extraction buffer proteins were eluted from the streptavidin beads by boiling in reducing sample buffer and then resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted using rabbit polyclonal antibodies against GluR1 (1/2 0 Upstate Biotechnology) and/or GluR6/7 (1/2 0 Upstate Biotechnology). (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
The remaining surface biotin was removed with GSH buffer (pH 9 2 min) then lysed and incubated with streptavidin beads to isolate internalized biotinylated proteins. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)

Anatomy26

Organisms14

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs124

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes62

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science3

Health Care1

SUMOylation24

Phosphorylation12

Kinase7

Ligases4

Pathways8

Small ubiquitin-related modifier1

Ubiquitin16

Stages of mitosis2

Arrest and DNA damage-inducible1

Genes6

Ligase activity3

Modifier1

Nuclear5

Apoptosis3

UBC94

Substrate proteins1

Kinases1

PIAS20

Pathway3

Potent inhibitor1

Enzyme inhibitor2

Receptor2

Post translational3

Glutathione-Sepharose 4b2

Differentiation2

Mouse monoclonal2

Recombinant2

Antibody3

Ubiquitination2

Gene5

Protease4

MRNA2

Lysine1

Chromatin2

Cellular3

PIAS11

Molecular2

Overexpression1

Mechanism2

Immunoprecipitation1

Membrane2

Precursors2

Residue1

Chromosome1

Assay1

Tumor cells1

Interaction6

Histone1

Interacts2

Specificity1

Mutants1

Synthesis2

Activity2

Interact1

Cleavage1

Cell3

Beads4