Proteins to regulate gene expression. Medical search. Frequent questions

Regulation of KaiABC expression and KaiABC phosphorylation is essential for cyanobacteria circadian rhythmicity, and is particularly important for regulating cyanobacteria processes such as nitrogen fixation, photosynthesis, and cell division. (wikipedia.org)
This statement suggests that protein X plays a role in the regulation of gene expression by selectively activating the transcription of certain genes. (microbiologynote.com)
This selective activation of transcription allows for precise control and regulation of gene expression patterns in response to specific cellular signals or environmental cues. (microbiologynote.com)
Previous studies on the regulation of a Ucp minigene in transgenic mice demonstrated that the sequences necessary for brown-fat-specific expression and inducibility by norepinephrine were located in the 5' flanking region between 1 and 2.8 kb from the transcriptional start site. (elsevierpure.com)
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is involved in the regulation of a large variety of developmental programs, including those controlling organ sizes. (brad.ac.uk)
Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression is mediated by internal initiation of translation and alternative initiation of transcription. (nature.com)
Molecular genetic analysis of the switch-like regulation of daf-7 expression in the ASJ neuron pair reveals a hierarchy of regulation among multiple inputs-sex, age, nutritional status, and microbial environment-which function in the modulation of behavior. (elifesciences.org)
Our results suggest that regulation of gene expression in sensory neurons can function in the integration of a wide array of sensory information and facilitate decision-making behaviors in C. elegans . (elifesciences.org)
In agreement with these observations, the Pcif1 protein is distributed all along the polytene chromosomes at the level of active transcription sites and interferes with chromatin-dependent gene expression regulation. (cea.fr)
The lack of catalytic activity of Pcif1 in Drosophila reveals a new mechanism of gene expression regulation. (cea.fr)
This study was designed to examine the influence of zinc status of HepG2 cells on the expression of Egr-1, a transcription factor that has been shown to be involved in the regulation of apoA-I gene expression. (usda.gov)
Thus, the reduction in Egr-1 expression and binding to its responsive element in the apoA-I promoter may contribute to the down- regulation of apoA-I in zinc-deficient HepG2 cells. (usda.gov)
Masato Umeda's research team at Kyoto University was interested in understanding how the degradation of DESAT1 is regulated in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster in order to better understand thermal regulation in diverse organisms. (asbmb.org)
In addition to regulation of cytoplasmic cytoskeletal dynamics, a little appreciated property of actin signaling is modulation of gene expression so far only reported for non-neuronal cells. (jneurosci.org)
This could shine a light on gene regulation during development or after cellular perturbations. (the-scientist.com)
Aging cells with weakened gene regulation spuriously transcribe RNAs, but their impact on health and longevity still needs to be examined. (the-scientist.com)
Previous reports have suggested that protein kinases play important roles in the regulation of circadian clocks ( Reischl and Kramer, 2011 ). (elifesciences.org)
[ 6 ] Therefore, mutations in the PAX3 gene could affect regulation of the MITF gene, leading to abnormalities of melanocyte differentiation. (medscape.com)
Here we describe a different method of transgene regulation by the use of the human glial ®brillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. (lu.se)

(B) For 66% of the proteins (137 entries), disorder contributes at low interaction propensities, while full-length protein sequences dominate at high interaction propensities (Mann-Whitney U test). (biomedcentral.com)
The PTO is cyanobacteria master clock that is controlled by sequences of phosphorylation of KaiC protein. (wikipedia.org)
The laboratory is particularly interested in studying how specific DNA sequences, DNA binding proteins, and chromatin. (rochester.edu)
How do parental life experiences impact offspring phenotypes without affecting their gene sequences? (umassmed.edu)
Furthermore, two Asp residues, conserved in the majority of Argonaute sequences, align spatially with the catalytic Asp residues of RNase H-like catalytic sites, suggesting that in eukaryotic Argonaute proteins the RNase H-like domain may possess nuclease activity. (rcsb.org)
Starting in the 1980s, researchers noticed that changes to these repetitive sequences can affect gene expression," said the study's lead author, Connor Horton, who was a technician in Fordyce's lab. (stanford.edu)
This type of RNA is called a messenger RNA ( mRNA ), as it serves as a messenger between DNA and the ribosomes, molecular machines that read mRNA sequences and use them to build proteins. (khanacademy.org)

Combined with the TTFL model, KaiABC as a circadian PTO was shown to be the fundamental clock regulator in S. elongatus On Synechococcus elongatus' singular circular chromosome, the protein-coding gene kaiC is located at position 380696-382255 (its locus tag is syc0334_d). (wikipedia.org)
In males (who have only one X chromosome), one altered copy of the gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the condition. (medlineplus.gov)
Immunofluorescence analysis with anti-Pcif1 antibodies revealed the presence of the Pcif1 protein (in green) along the chromosome at transcriptionally active euchromatin sites ( i.e. excluded from DAPI dense staining, in red). (cea.fr)
The SMARCE1 gene is found on chromosome 17 . (medlineplus.gov)
Two pseudogenes have been identified on chromosome 7 and X. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.A missense mutation in the CALM1 gene has been associated with ventricular tachycardia. (nih.gov)
A chromosome may contain tens of thousands of genes , each providing instructions on how to make a particular product needed by the cell. (khanacademy.org)
Most, if not all, cases of WS1 are caused by mutations in the PAX3 gene located on chromosome band 2q35. (medscape.com)
Mutations in the MITF gene, located on chromosome band 3p14.1-p12.3, cause some cases of WS2. (medscape.com)
Twenty-two of the pairs, chromosome numbers 1 to 22, the autosomes, are normally homologous (identical in size, shape, and position and number of genes). (msdmanuals.com)
the smaller Y chromosome carries genes that initiate male sex differentiation, as well as a few other genes. (msdmanuals.com)
The genes that occupy the same locus on each chromosome of a pair (one inherited from the mother and one from the father) are called alleles. (msdmanuals.com)
A chromosome contains many genes. (msdmanuals.com)

Protein X is responsible for processing pre-mRNA b. (microbiologynote.com)
Transcription is the process by which the information encoded in a gene is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. (microbiologynote.com)
Among the genes displaying significant changes in expression was complement component 3 ( C3 ), which showed a dramatic decrease in mRNA content in the hippocampus of C/EBPβ −/− mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Snd1 is an evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding protein implicated in several regulatory processes in gene expression including activation of transcription, mRNA splicing, and microRNA decay. (bvsalud.org)
However, mRNA expression changes in the knockout mouse liver showed high similarity to expression profile in adaptation to hypoxia . (bvsalud.org)
Taken together, our results show that in normal growth conditions, Snd1 is not a critical factor for mRNA transcription in the mouse , and describe a function for Snd1 in hypoxia adaptation through negatively regulating hypoxia -related miRNAs and hypoxia -induced transcription consistent with a role as stress response regulator. (bvsalud.org)
Initiation of BAG-1 protein synthesis can occur by both cap-dependent and cap-independent mechanisms and it has been shown that synthesis of BAG-1S is dependent upon the presence of an internal ribosome entry segment (IRES) in the 5′-UTR of BAG-1 mRNA. (nature.com)
2002). Translation of polioviral mRNA is inhibited by cleavage of polypyrimidine tract-binding proteins executed by polioviral 3C(pro). (nature.com)
In the mammalian brain, alternative pre-mRNA splicing is a fundamental mechanism that modifies neuronal function dynamically where secretion of different splice variants regulates neurogenesis, development, pathfinding, maintenance, migration, and synaptogenesis. (aging-us.com)
RNA silencing regulates gene expression through mRNA degradation, translation repression and chromatin remodelling. (rcsb.org)
Of the seven SR proteins analyzed here, SRSF1, SRSF3, and SRSF9 induced HPV16 late gene expression, and five of the SR proteins affected HPV16 L1 mRNA splicing. (lu.se)
Of the 15 hnRNP proteins analyzed here, hnRNP A2, hnRNP F, and hnRNP H efficiently induced HPV16 late gene expression, and all of the hnRNPs affected HPV16 L1 mRNA levels or mRNA splicing. (lu.se)
Thus, the majority of SR proteins and hnRNPs have the potential to regulate HPV16 L1 mRNA splicing. (lu.se)

The histone methyltransferase Setd8 alters the chromatin landscape and regulates the expression of key transcription factors during erythroid differentiation. (rochester.edu)
We found a significantly lower expression of key autophagy- (ATG-) related genes in primary AML as compared to healthy granulocytes, an increased autophagic activity during all- trans retinoic acid- (ATRA-) induced neutrophil differentiation, and an impaired AML differentiation upon inhibition of ATG3, ATG4D, and ATG5. (hindawi.com)
Gene ontology and upstream regulator pathway analysis showed that WNK1 regulates cell migration, differentiation, and proliferation. (bioone.org)
The oncogenic signaling pathway includes cellular species that regulate the growth, differentiation, and survival of cells. (american.edu)
Evidence suggests that the MITF gene transactivates the tyrosinase gene, which is involved in melanocyte differentiation. (medscape.com)

Increased cAMP can activate protein kinase A, which phosphorylates the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). (jneurosci.org)
[ 4 ] The 6 genes involved in WS are PAX3 (encoding the paired box 3 transcription factor), MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor), EDN3 (endothelin 3), EDNRB (endothelin receptor type B), SOX10 (encoding the Sry bOX10 transcription factor), and SNAI2 (snail homolog 2), with different frequencies. (medscape.com)
May be a transcription factor involved in regulating the expression of genes active in the S phase during cell cycle progression in T cells. (lu.se)

We showed that RGL2 protein in imbibed seeds is rapidly degraded by GA treatment and that the F-box protein SLY1 is required for RGL2 degradation to occur. (nih.gov)
Genes required for degradation of and growth on the carbon source pectin were down-regulated, whereas transcripts involved in redox processes were up-regulated. (frontiersin.org)
Autophagosomes engulf cytoplasmatic components and deliver these cargos, for example, long-lived proteins or damaged mitochondria, to lysosomes for degradation. (hindawi.com)

KaiC protein has both auto-kinase and auto-phosphatase activity and functions as the circadian regulator in both the PTO and the TTFL. (wikipedia.org)
The mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog, WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1 (WNK1), is activated downstream of epidermal growth factor receptor during decidualization. (bioone.org)
Some of the induced genes, such as CREM, CHOP, and MAP kinase phosphatase-1, may be components of a homeostatic response to excessive stimulation. (jneurosci.org)
A further chapter discusses how surface membrane G-protein receptors in C. albicans and other fungi transmit external stimuli through 2 major protein kinase cascades. (cdc.gov)

Chromatin is the network of DNA and protein that packages DNA into chromosomes. (medlineplus.gov)
Binding with the PHF8 protein is part of the process that changes the structure of chromatin (chromatin remodeling) to alter how tightly regions of DNA are packaged. (medlineplus.gov)
Outside of the nucleus, the PHF8 protein cannot interact with chromatin to regulate gene expression. (medlineplus.gov)
While the exact disease mechanism is unknown, it is likely that a lack of PHF8 protein in the nucleus of brain cells before birth prevents chromatin remodeling, altering the normal expression of genes involved in intellectual function and formation of structures along the midline of the skull. (medlineplus.gov)
This protein binds to the phosphorylated form of serine 5 of RNA polymerase II ( Figure ) and may directly modulate its activity or promote the recruitment of chromatin components. (cea.fr)
Gene expression" refers to the process by which a DNA sequence (i.e. a gene) is used to make a specific RNA or protein, while "epigenetics" refers to the ways phenotypes are impacted by factors other than genetic sequence (e.g. gene repression by chromatin packing). (umassmed.edu)
SWI/SNF complexes regulate gene activity (expression) by a process known as chromatin remodeling. (medlineplus.gov)

The finding that the SIRT6 protein suppresses tumour formation by regulating metabolism adds weight to this view. (natureasia.com)
Yeast-form-specific genes identified in Histoplasma capsulatum function in calcium/calmodulin signaling pathways and sulphur metabolism. (cdc.gov)
We have analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of three molecules involved in bone metabolism, namely osteonectin, TGF-1, and BMP2/4. (bvsalud.org)

SiM protein binds immunoglobulin (Ig) and fibrinogen. (cdc.gov)
It is a protein that binds to estrogen and regulates reproductive and nonreproductive function. (dailyillini.com)

This abrogated expression of the decidual marker genes, insulin like growth factor binding protein 1 ( IGFBP1 ) and prolactin ( PRL ), and prevented adoption of decidual cell morphology. (bioone.org)

Based on a number of single-domain homologous genes in other species, KaiC is hypothesized to have horizontally transferred from Bacteria to Archaea, eventually forming the double-domain KaiC through duplication and fusion. (wikipedia.org)
Researchers at IRIG, in collaboration with the University of Geneva, focused on a RNA mammalian methyltransferase, the PCIF1 protein (homologous to the Drosophila Pcif1 protein), which adds an extra methyl group to m 6 A (m 6 adenosine) to form m 6 Am when the first transcribed nucleotide is an adenosine. (cea.fr)
Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins. (bvsalud.org)
Each gene has a specific location (locus), which is typically the same on each of the 2 homologous chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)

Using the 6-hydroxydopamine lesion model of Parkinson's disease and differential display PCR, we have identified a set of more than 30 genes whose expression rapidly increases in response to stimulation of striatal dopamine D 1 receptors. (jneurosci.org)
Dopamine acts in the striatum through the D 1 and D 2 subfamilies of G-protein-coupled receptors. (jneurosci.org)
Herein, we demonstrate apabetalone, the most clinical advanced BET inhibitor, downregulates expression of cell surface receptors involved in SARS-CoV-2 entry, including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4 or CD26) in SARS-CoV-2 permissive cells. (biorxiv.org)
Dendritic cells display a large amount of MHC-peptide complexes at their surface and can increase the expression of costimulatory receptors and migrate to the lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphoid tissues, where they activate specific T cells. (medscape.com)

Protein X is a member of some cytoplasmic protein complexes but not others d. (microbiologynote.com)
The fundamental engines of RNA silencing are RISC and RITS complexes, whose common components are 21-25 nt RNA and an Argonaute protein containing a PIWI domain of unknown function. (rcsb.org)
The SMARCE1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that forms one piece (subunit) of several different SWI/SNF protein complexes. (medlineplus.gov)

There are three major isoforms of BAG-1 in mammalian cells, termed BAG-1L (p50), BAG-1M (p46) and BAG-1S (p36) that function as pro-survival proteins and are associated with tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. (nature.com)
Studies carried out by scientists at IRIG, in collaboration with the University of Geneva, on the fruit fly model Drosophila melanogaster have revealed the role of Pcif1 in the control of gene expression, despite the fact that this protein has completely lost its RNA methyltransferase activity compared to its mammalian counterpart PCIF1. (cea.fr)
Heart muscle cells die en masse after injury, yet the adult mammalian heart retains little capacity to regenerate them. (natureasia.com)
These ATG genes are highly conserved in mammalian cells, allowing to study their functions also in higher eukaryotes [ 1 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

Bone morphogenetic protein signaling regulates size of hair follicles and modulates the expression of cell cycle-associated genes. (brad.ac.uk)
In addition to regulating cytoskeletal dynamics in the cytoplasm, actin modulates nuclear gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
Calcium-induced activation of calmodulin regulates and modulates the function of cardiac ion channels. (nih.gov)

Microarray and real-time PCR analyses of the laser-captured hair matrix cells show a strong decrease in expression of Cdk inhibitor p27(Kip1) and increased expression of selected cyclins in TG vs. WT mice. (brad.ac.uk)
The knockout mice are viable showing no gross abnormalities apart from decreased fertility , organ and body size , and decreased number of myeloid cells concomitant with decreased expression of granule protein genes . (bvsalud.org)
To further elucidate the function of SND1, BioID biotin proximity ligation assay was performed in HEK- 293T cells to identify interacting proteins . (bvsalud.org)
Here, we show that the BAG-1 IRES maintains synthesis of BAG-1 protein following exposure of cells to the chemotoxic drug vincristine but not to cisplatin and that this is brought about, in part, by the relocalization of PTB and PCBP1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. (nature.com)
1999). Cellular stress in Xenopus kidney cells enhances the phoshorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF(4E) and the association of eIF4F with poly(A)-binding protein. (nature.com)
The flow cytometry-based Pig-a assay detects cells deficient in Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (or GPI)-anchored surface markers and provides a rapid and cost-effective enumeration of cells that are presumed to contain mutations in the endogenous X-linked Pig-a gene. (fda.gov)
Dr. Revollo is developing NGS methods capable of directly and efficiently identifying somatic mutations in the whole genome - in any tissue, and in any species, or any established cell culture - without the need for selecting and expanding cells that have mutations in only a few specific reporter genes. (fda.gov)
We used RNA-seq to analyze CPEB3-regulated alternative splicing on control and CPEB3-overexpressing cells. (aging-us.com)
CPEB3 overexpression had insignificant effects on gene expression in HT22 cells. (aging-us.com)
Zinc, an essential micronutrient, is required by many enzymes involved in gene expression and, therefore, is vital in maintaining DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in cells. (usda.gov)
A protein factor known to induce gene expression was also decreased in the zinc-deficient cells. (usda.gov)
Nuclear Egr-1 protein as well as its binding to the responsive element E1 (-196 to -174) of the apoA-1 gene promoter were markedly decreased in the ZD cells. (usda.gov)
Our ongoing project aims to elucidate how cells recognize temperature or cellular events caused by the temperature changes and control the expression of DESAT1 to adapt the cellular processes and behaviors," Umeda said. (asbmb.org)
In the near future, novel chemo-/gene-therapies might be applied to treat cancer patient converting cancerous cells into normal differentiated cells. (intechopen.com)
Neoantigens are small pieces of proteins on cancer cells that stimulate an immune response - they help the patient's immune system differentiate the cancer cells from healthy cells. (pancan.org)
The Gravekamp lab has solicited the help of Listeria monocytogenes to deliver highly immunogenic tetanus toxoid proteins, as a neoantigen surrogate, into tumor cells," Dr. Gravekamp said. (pancan.org)
Researchers developed a novel protein fiber that tracks transcriptional events over time in living cells. (the-scientist.com)
The inflammatory infiltrate, the massive loss of acinar cells and fibrosis are highlighted as changes in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis, which is a gene expression reflection. (usp.br)
Cells deploy an arsenal of enzymes to chemically modify DNA and its protein packaging. (acs.org)
These so-called epigenetic modifications regulate the expression of genes, tuning the function of individual cells. (acs.org)
The PET method maps the pattern of expression of epigenetic enzymes called histone deacetylases (HDACs), which pull acetyl groups off of proteins that package DNA in cells. (acs.org)
Expression levels of PER2, a clock protein, were elevated in Sik3 -knockdown cells but down-regulated in Sik3 -overexpressing cells, which could be attributed to a phosphorylation-dependent decrease in PER2 protein stability. (elifesciences.org)
DNA bears the hereditary information that's passed on from parents to children, providing instructions for how (and when) to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells, tissues, and organisms. (khanacademy.org)
The mTOR pathway is an enzyme pathway that regulates growth and survival in metastatic cells, or cancer cells that have spread to other parts of the body. (dailyillini.com)
Cellular signaling pathways are networks of genes, proteins, enzymes, cytokines, and other cellular species that "communicate" in order to govern the basic functions of cells. (american.edu)
[ 15 ] The surface of the APC contains 2 peptide-binding proteins (ie, major histocompatability complex [MHC] classes I and II), which can stimulate cytotoxic T (T C ) cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells, and helper T (T H ) cells. (medscape.com)
In animals receiving excitotoxic lesions of the striatum we detected an eightfold increase of green ¯uorescent protein (GFP)-expressing cells. (lu.se)
The vast majority of these cells did not divide, suggesting that the transgene was indeed regulated in a similar fashion as the endogenous GFAP gene. (lu.se)
There are a number of hypothesized that regulating the transgene with a GFAP promoter in a different vectors that transduce cells in the brain in a slightly different viral vector would give rise to a high transgenic expression in the manner (for a review see, e.g. (lu.se)
These vectors have a number of appealing features including the expression by using the machinery of the host cell instead of depending abilities to ef®ciently transduce cells in the central nervous system, on recombinant regulatory proteins. (lu.se)

Cellular iron levels and iron associated proteins are differentially expressed in many cancers, and recently, it was reported that high expression levels of iron importer and low levels of iron exporter were associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. (american.edu)

They determined abolishing any of the three kai genes would cause arrhythmicity in the circadian clock and reduce kaiBC promoter activity. (wikipedia.org)
Deletion analysis of two types of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene constructs under control of either the Ucp promoter or a heterologous herpes simplex virus-tk promoter defined an enhancer in a 220-bp HindIII-XbaI fragment which was essential for both brown fat specificity and norepinephrine inducibility. (elsevierpure.com)
Alternatively, activation of BMP signaling in HaCaT KC induces growth arrest, stimulates p27(Kip1) expression, and positively regulates p27(Kip1) promoter activity, thus further supporting a role of p27(Kip1) in mediating the effects of BMP signaling on HF size. (brad.ac.uk)
Analysis of the mouse C3 promoter showed that it is directly regulated by C/EBPβ through a C/EBPβ consensus site located at position −616/-599 of the gene. (biomedcentral.com)
TcMYC2a was able to affect the expression of GUS reporter gene by binding with the T/G-box, G-box, and E-box, which were the key cis -elements of TASY and TcERF12/15 promoter. (frontiersin.org)
Jakobsson expression under a human GFAP (hGFAP) promoter. (lu.se)
2003). The therapeutic effects of different genes delivered by ment of the hGFAP promoter used here has been extensively studied and lentiviral vectors have been documented in a number of animal found to be up-regulated after several different stimuli both in vitro and models, both in rodents and primates, and examples include delivery in vivo in transgenic mice (Brenner et al. (lu.se)

KaiC has been found to not only suppress kaiBC when overexpressed, but also suppress circadian expression of all genes in the cyanobacterial genome. (wikipedia.org)
In living organisms, gene expression is a complex process that results in the production of proteins from the genome in a time- and space-regulated manner. (cea.fr)
For decades, scientists have known that, despite its name, "junk DNA" in fact plays a critical role: While the coding genes provide blueprints for building proteins, which direct most of the body's functions, some of the noncoding sections of the genome, including regions previously dismissed as "junk," seem to turn up or down the expression of those genes. (stanford.edu)
The human genome contains about 20,000 protein-coding genes, but the coding parts of our genes account for only about 2 percent of the entire genome. (phys.org)
Moreover, genome instability was attributed to impaired autophagy and several autophagy genes with tumor suppressor functions (e.g. (hindawi.com)

Taxol biosynthesis is significantly regulated by jasmonate acid (JA), one of the most important endogenous hormones in land plants. (frontiersin.org)
Jasmonate acid (JA) is a vital endogenous hormone that regulates taxol biosynthesis and other biological processes, especially (a)biotic stress tolerance in various plants ( Roberts, 2001 ). (frontiersin.org)
Using toxin-induced lesions we investigated to what extent transgene expression could be regulated in accordance with the activation of the endogenous GFAP gene. (lu.se)
An aspect of gene delivery to the brain that is currently being regulate the endogenous GFAP expression in a lesioned brain. (lu.se)

Site-directed mutagenesis of the reporter gene constructs established that independent mutations to a cyclic AMP-responsive element (CRE-2) or one of two TTCC motifs (BRE [brown fat regulatory element]), all within 17 bp, eliminated transient expression. (elsevierpure.com)
X-linked intellectual disability, Siderius type is caused by mutations in the PHF8 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
Most PHF8 gene mutations lead to an abnormally short protein that gets transported out of the cell's nucleus. (medlineplus.gov)
Work in our department has developed a rapid evolution computational protocol whereby the fitness of thousands of mutations of any given gene can be assessed simultaneously. (umassmed.edu)
At least five variants (also known as mutations) in the SMARCE1 gene cause Coffin-Siris syndrome, which is characterized by delayed development, abnormalities of the fifth (pinky) fingers or toes, and characteristic facial features that are described as coarse. (medlineplus.gov)
The various forms of Waardenburg syndrome (WS), a neurocristopathy, arise from mutations in multiple genes. (medscape.com)
[ 8 ] Both mutations created stop codons leading to truncation of the PAX3 protein. (medscape.com)
Mutations in multiple genes cause the various forms of Waardenburg syndrome (WS). (medscape.com)

Mitochondria are also the primary source of the basic building blocks from which lipids, nucleotides, and proteins are derived. (cancer.gov)
1 Recent insights reveal that mitochondria can regulate cell signaling and gene expression by tuning the rates of metabolic reactions. (cancer.gov)
Genes are contained in chromosomes in the cell nucleus and mitochondria. (msdmanuals.com)

Disturbance of this process alters the activity of many genes and disrupts several cellular processes, which could explain the diverse signs and symptoms of Coffin-Siris syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
To avoid iron toxicity, yet to deliver adequate amounts of iron for biological processes, life on Earth has evolved to have sophisticated machinery that regulates iron at both the systemic and the cellular levels. (american.edu)
Both CD44 and OPN protein cellular levels were reduced by 96 hrs post-exposure as examined by confocal imaging. (cdc.gov)
In conclusion, exposure to MWCNT or asbestos induced gene expression of CD44 and OPN, protein release of OPN, and modifications of the interaction between CD44 and OPN at cellular and extracellular levels. (cdc.gov)

Still other RNA molecules, such as tiny microRNAs ( miRNAs ), act as regulators of other genes, and new types of non-protein-coding RNAs are being discovered all the time. (khanacademy.org)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an integral part of the post-transcriptional machinery of gene expression and have been implicated in the carcinogenic cascade. (cdc.gov)
SNPs in 6 miRNA processing genes and in 78 miRNAs which target genes known to be important in breast cancer among 906 African American (AA) and 653 European American (EA) cases and Author Manuscript controls enrolled in the Women's Circle of Health Study (WCHS). (cdc.gov)
We found a number of SNPs in miRNAs and processing genes in association with breast cancer overall or stratified by estrogen receptor (ER) status. (cdc.gov)

Dr. Pryciak studies how protein kinases regulate cell signaling and the cell cycle. (umassmed.edu)

The ability to regulate transgene expression will be crucial for development of gene therapy to the brain. (lu.se)
We, developed is the ability to regulate transgene expression. (lu.se)

The -tocopherol regulates many genes expression, including extracellular proteins and inflammation modulators. (usp.br)
A complex extracellular matrix with collagenous and non-collagenous proteins composes mineralized tissue. (bvsalud.org)

The ULK1 protein complex including ULK1, ATG13, and FIP200 coordinates the autophagy initiation from different upstream signaling pathways to induce autophagy [ 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Early steps in this transition are complex, with at least 2 signaling pathways identified: 1 stops yeast growth and another, with a heat shock protein 70-type profile, initiates the assembly of proteins necessary for mycelial growth. (cdc.gov)
Calcium-dependent signaling pathways and heat shock protein expression regulate dimorphism in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and have broad implications for other pathogens. (cdc.gov)

Analyzing 5′-upstream non-protein-encoding regions of the human mitochondrial function-associated genes, we speculate that mitochondrial functions could be recovered or improved at a transcriptional level. (intechopen.com)
Notably, a nucleus-resident actin (R62D NLS ) also regulates SRF's transcriptional activity. (jneurosci.org)
The dynamic behavior of a transcriptional activator can be used to specify the activity level of its target gene, a study suggests. (the-scientist.com)
These lines of evidence suggest that the transcriptional-translational feedback loop mediated by the clock genes, and the post-translational modification of their products, are indispensable to the circadian clock machinery. (elifesciences.org)
However, the proteins needed for transcriptional control have been reported to be immunogenic and there is often a substantial leakage in the systems (Clackson, 2000). (lu.se)

In test tubes containing only KaiABC proteins and ATP, in vitro phosphorylation of KaiC oscillated with a near 24 hour period with a slightly smaller amplitude than in vivo oscillation, proving that the KaiABC proteins are sufficient for circadian rhythm solely in the presence of ATP. (wikipedia.org)
In this work we have found that C/EBPβ regulates C3 levels in rodents glial in vitro and in the rat Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in vivo following an inflammatory insult. (biomedcentral.com)

KaiC is a gene belonging to the KaiABC gene cluster (with KaiA, and KaiB) that, together, regulate bacterial circadian rhythms, specifically in cyanobacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Using a bacterial luciferase reporter to monitor the expression of clock-controlled gene psbAI in Synechococcus, they investigated and reported on the rescue to normal rhythmicity of long-period clock mutant C44a (with a period of 44 hours) by kaiABC. (wikipedia.org)

Humans have about 20,000 to 23,000 genes depending on how a gene is defined. (msdmanuals.com)

Notably, CPEB3 partially modulated differential gene splicing enhanced in the modulation of neural development, neuron cycle, neurotrophin, synapse, and specific development pathway, implying an alternative splicing regulatory mechanism associated with neurogenesis. (aging-us.com)
Once considered an unimportant curiosity, Z-DNA is now recognized to provide an on-the-fly mechanism to regulate how an RNA transcript is edited. (the-scientist.com)
The fungal cell cyle is considered with respect to the mechanism of sequential gene expression in Candida albicans, since little is known about the cell cycle in pathogenic molds. (cdc.gov)

SRF controls gene transcription of various actin isoforms (e.g. (jneurosci.org)

Pathophysiologically, asthma exert different effects at different concentrations, can is characterized by constriction of airway smooth synergize or antagonize the effects of other cytokines muscle, hyper secretion of mucus, edema and airway and regulated in a complex manner and function via hyper responsiveness (AHR),[3] mucus secretion and cytokine cascade. (cdc.gov)

RGA and GAI belong to the DELLA subfamily within the GRAS family of plant regulatory proteins. (nih.gov)

Hsa_circ_001242 expression levels in 40 paired OSCC tissues and four OSCC cell lines were selected using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). (hindawi.com)
Its expression levels in tissues at various stages of OSCC were then explored, and the potential relationship between hsa_circ_001242 expression levels and patients' clinicopathological factors were investigated. (hindawi.com)
Here, we present data revealing the genetic network associated with ACVRL1 (the gene encoding for ALK1) expression in human cancer tissues. (lu.se)

In 2005, after closer examination of the KaiABC protein interactions, the phosphorylation of KaiC proved to oscillate with daily rhythms in the absence of light. (wikipedia.org)

When the interaction propensity score of a disordered region exceeds that of the full-length protein (points above the red line), disorder is considered to promote interaction with RNA molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
Growth-cone collapse induced by ephrin-As, a family of repulsive axon guidance molecules, is impaired upon R62D expression, resulting in perseverance of ring-shaped F-actin filaments. (jneurosci.org)
For instance, some genes specify ribosomal RNAs ( rRNAs ), which serve as structural components of ribosomes, or transfer RNAs ( tRNAs ), cloverleaf-shaped RNA molecules that bring amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis. (khanacademy.org)

This expression is strictly dependent on the synthesis of messenger RNAs transcripts from the DNA molecule and their subsequent translation into proteins by the ribosomes. (cea.fr)
Images of a protein involved in creating a potent antibiotic reveal the unusual first steps of the antibiotic's synthesis. (phys.org)
Before this information can be used for protein synthesis, however, an RNA copy (transcript) of the gene must first be made. (khanacademy.org)
Protein synthesis, folding, and tertiary and quaternary structure ultimately determine much of the body's structure and function. (msdmanuals.com)

The RNA-binding protein FMR1 has a key role in the neurodevelopmental disorder fragile X syndrome, but the RNAs targeted by the protein were mostly unknown. (natureasia.com)

This gene encodes one of three calmodulin proteins which are members of the EF-hand calcium-binding protein family. (nih.gov)

These results suggest that AR is positively regulated by DJ-1, which antagonizes the function of negative regulators, including DJBP. (nih.gov)
To investigate further the function of the RGL genes, we examined the expression profiles of all 5 DELLA protein genes by real-time PCR. (nih.gov)
We have shown previously that BAG-1 IRES-meditated initiation of translation requires two trans -acting factors poly (rC) binding protein 1 (PCBP1) and polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) for function. (nature.com)
TcMYC2a was also found to bind with TcJAZ3 in yeast, which was a homolog of Arabidopsis JASMONATE ZIM-domain JAZ proteins, indicating that TcMYC2a had a similar function to AtMYC2 of JA signal transduction. (frontiersin.org)
This study demonstrates the importance to not restrict the function of enzymes to their sole catalytic role in the living world and the interest of thoroughly examining the evolution of proteins in eukaryotes in order to discover unsuspected or hidden mechanisms of action. (cea.fr)
Current genetic toxicology assays can only estimate somatic-mutation rates by assaying the function of certain gene markers (e.g. (fda.gov)
The results expand on information that explains the role of zinc in regulating cell function. (usda.gov)
Interestingly, recent data suggest a function for ULK1 not only during autophagy activation but also during elongation and closure of the autophagosomal membrane via binding to ATG8 proteins [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

In females (who have two X chromosomes), a mutation would have to occur in both copies of the gene to cause the disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
In mice, mutation of PCIF1 encoding gene causes deregulation of the expression of a set of genes and a reduced body weight. (cea.fr)
The work of the scientists shows that mutation of Pcif1 gene in Drosophila results in a deregulation of the expression of a set of genes, reduced body weight and a significant drop in fertility which indicates an important role for this protein in the physiology of the organism. (cea.fr)

It's now clear that gene transcripts can be constructed in various ways, yet many questions remain about the process. (the-scientist.com)

Strict control of the expression of the immunogenic L1 and L2 capsid proteins may contribute to the. (lu.se)

They were eventually able to localize the gene region causing this rescue, and observed circadian rhythmicity in upstream promotor activity of kaiA and kaiB, as well as in the expression of kaiA and kaiBC messenger RNA. (wikipedia.org)

Autophagy functions in tumor suppression by, for example, preserving protein and organelle homeostasis. (hindawi.com)

Most SMARCE1 gene variants involved in Coffin-Siris syndrome change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the SMARCE1 protein. (medlineplus.gov)

Cell lines from individuals with macrocephalic autism spectrum disorder have an increased number of double-strand breaks in the DNA of long neural genes. (the-scientist.com)

notably, integration of proteomics data with in situ subcellular microscopic analyses showed a high abundance of cytoskeleton proteins associated with acidified PBs at the early development stages. (nature.com)

Primary epidermal keratinocytes (KC) from TG mice exhibit significantly increased proliferation and decreased p27(Kip1) expression, compared with WT KC. (brad.ac.uk)
These data suggest that BMP signaling plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and controls the size of anagen HFs by modulating the expression of cell-cycle-associated genes in hair matrix KC. (brad.ac.uk)

More recently we have demonstrated that C/EBPβ regulates the expression of several genes involved in inflammatory processes and brain injury [ 14 ] and mice lacking C/EBPβ showed a reduced inflammatory response after kainic acid injection and exhibited a dramatic reduction in pyramidal cell loss in the CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes (X and Y), determines a person's sex as well as containing other functional genes. (msdmanuals.com)
Genes are arranged linearly along the DNA of chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
Some genes occur in multiple copies that may be next to each other or in different locations in the same or different chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)

Many genes encode protein products, meaning that they specify the sequence of amino acids used to build a particular protein. (khanacademy.org)
Importantly, not all genes encode protein products. (khanacademy.org)

Studies in yeast have identified a series of autophagy- (ATG-) related genes forming the autophagy machinery. (hindawi.com)

2000). We of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in models of have recently reported that this vector directs transgene expression to Parkinson's disease (Georgievska et al. (lu.se)

The role of disorder is more relevant in proteins lacking canonical RNA-binding domains (grey line), indicating that unstructured regions might have direct involvement in contacting RNA. (biomedcentral.com)
KaiC's key role in circadian control and homology to RecA suggest its individual evolution before its presence in the KaiABC gene cluster. (wikipedia.org)
It has been shown that C/EBPβ plays an important role in the consolidation of long-term memory, suggesting a very important role for this protein in the hippocampus [ 10 , 11 ] and Menard et al . (biomedcentral.com)
Together our data identified promising targets to be genetically engineered to modulate seed storage protein accumulation that have a growing role in health and nutritional issues. (nature.com)
Additionally, TcERF15, which played the positive role to regulate tasy gene, was up-regulated by TcMYC2a. (frontiersin.org)
To better understand the role of short tandem repeats in gene expression, the researchers stripped the mechanisms down to their basics: transcription factors and naked DNA. (stanford.edu)
The role of the SMARCE1 protein within the SWI/SNF complex is not completely understood. (medlineplus.gov)
This sheds light upon the role of the Smad7 protein in this system. (lu.se)
Computational analysis unveiled a hitherto unknown role for ACVRL1 in relation to genes modulating the functionality of the immune cell compartment. (lu.se)

380248). kaiC encodes the protein KaiC (519 amino acids). (wikipedia.org)
It was surprising that it is regulated by only two amino acids," Umeda said. (asbmb.org)

Cereal endosperm is a short-lived tissue adapted for nutrient storage, containing specialized organelles, such as protein bodies (PBs) and protein storage vacuoles (PSVs), for the accumulation of storage proteins. (nature.com)
Specifically, multivesicular bodies (MVBs), and the ESCRT-III HvSNF7 proteins are associated with PBs during barley endosperm development. (nature.com)
The starchy endosperm thereby is characterized as a storage site, accumulating starch and seed storage proteins (SSPs) 2 . (nature.com)

All these results revealed that TcMYC2a can regulate taxol biosynthesis either directly or via ERF regulators depending on JA signaling transduction. (frontiersin.org)

Environmental conditions experienced by parents can influence gene expression patterns in their offspring. (umassmed.edu)

We present a hitherto unappreciated cross talk of actin signaling with gene expression governing neuronal motility. (jneurosci.org)
Actb , Acta1 ) and actin-binding proteins (e.g. (jneurosci.org)
Conversely, actin signaling regulates neuronal SRF-mediated gene expression. (jneurosci.org)

Here, we have investigated the outcome of Snd1 gene deletion in the mouse . (bvsalud.org)
Deletion of Snd1 affected the expression of relatively small number of genes in spleen and liver . (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy26

Organisms16

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs70

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment34

Phenomena and Processes101

Disciplines and Occupations4

Information Science8

Health Care3

Regulation19

Sequences7

Chromosome12

MRNA13

Differentiation5

Transcription factor3

Degradation3

Kinase4

Chromatin7

Metabolism3

Binds2

Insulin like gr1

Homologous4

Receptors4

Complexes3

Mammalian4

Modulates3

Cells30

Differentially expressed1

Promoter7

Genome5

Endogenous4

Mutations8

Mitochondria3

Cellular4

MiRNAs4

Kinases1

Ability to regulate2

Extracellular2

Pathways3

Transcriptional5

Vitro2

Bacterial2

20,0001

Mechanism3

Isoforms1

Cytokines1

Regulatory proteins1

Tissues3

Phosphorylation1

Molecules3

Synthesis4

RNAs1

Calmodulin1

Function8

Mutation3

Transcripts1

Immunogenic1

Upstream1

Tumor1

Variants1

Neural1

Cytoskeleton1

Proliferation2

Processes1

Chromosomes3

ENCODE2

Machinery1

Glial1

Role9

Amino2

Endosperm3

Biosynthesis1

Patterns1

Actin3

Deletion2