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HomologRad9RAD1Rad3GeneCHK1SimilarityMammalianResponse to DNA damageGenesPhosphorylationYeastInteractionsHumanReplicationChromatinDamageComplexRecruitmentActivationSearchRAD9Chromatin-associatedRad1Gene productTumor suppressorDrosophilaMitoticDouble-strandSequenceCdc25Encoded by this geneKinaseResponsesSimilarControlActivityStressIncludesAnalysis

Homolog1

• The 9-1-1 complex has also been found to interact with base excision repair factors human DNA polymerase beta, flap endonuclease FEN1, and the S. pombe MutY homolog (SpMYH), indicating that 9-1-1 also plays a direct role in DNA repair. (reactome.org)

Rad96

• This protein recruits the RAD1-RAD9-HUS1 checkpoint protein complex onto chromatin after DNA damage, which may be required for its phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
• This kinase has been shown to phosphorylate checkpoint kinase CHK1, checkpoint proteins RAD17, and RAD9, as well as tumor suppressor protein BRCA1. (utsouthwestern.edu)
• The protein products of several rad checkpoint genes of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (rad1 + , rad3 + , rad9 + , rad17 + , rad26 + , and hus1 + ) play crucial roles in sensing changes in DNA structure, and several function in the maintenance of telomeres. (elsevierpure.com)
• When the mammalian homologue of S. pombe Rad9 was inactivated, increases in chromosome end-to-end associations and frequency of telomere loss were observed. (elsevierpure.com)
• The purified Rad17 and Rad9-Hus1-Rad1 (9-1-1) complexes can form a stable co-complex in the presence of ATP, using Rad17-Rad9 interactions. (reactome.org)
• From computer modeling studies, the Rad17 subunit of the complex is also proposed to interact with the C-terminus of Rad1, p36 with the C-terminus of Hus1, and p38 with the C-terminus of Rad9. (reactome.org)

RAD13

• It forms a checkpoint protein complex with RAD1 and HUS1. (avivasysbio.com)
• The Rad1 protein, evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans, exists in cells as monomer as well as a component in the 9-1-1 protein complex. (biomedcentral.com)
• The S. cerevisiae checkpoint protein Rad17, the orthologue of human Rad1, forms a homocomplex in response to treatment with DNA damaging agents, and the complex is required for yeast survival after exposure to genotoxic agents [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Rad33

• This protein and ATM share similarity with Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad3, a cell cycle checkpoint gene required for cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair in response to DNA damage. (utsouthwestern.edu)
• The accumulation of hTopBP1 on chromatin and its subsequent interaction with hRad9 lead to cell cycle arrest, a process mediated by Chk1 phosphorylation and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) activation. (biomedcentral.com)
• The ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) signaling cascade is an important pathway involved in the checkpoint control mechanism [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Gene4

• Cell cycle checkpoint protein RAD17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAD17 gene. (wikipedia.org)
• The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to the gene product of Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad17, a cell cycle checkpoint gene required for cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair in response to DNA damage. (wikipedia.org)
• Eight alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene, which encode four distinct proteins, have been reported. (wikipedia.org)
• The protein encoded by this gene belongs the PI3/PI4-kinase family, and is most closely related to ATM, a protein kinase encoded by the gene mutated in ataxia telangiectasia. (utsouthwestern.edu)

CHK12

• hTopBP1 and hMYH were involved in ATR-mediated Chk1 activation, moreover, both of them were associated with ATR and hRad9 which known as checkpoint-involved proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
• In addition, we investigated several cell cycle-related proteins and found that co-knockdown of hTopBP1 and hMYH significantly diminished cell cycle arrest due to compromised checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) activation. (biomedcentral.com)

Similarity1

• This protein shares strong similarity with DNA replication factor C (RFC), and can form a complex with RFCs. (wikipedia.org)

Mammalian1

• Research with yeast resulted in the identification from the conserved mammalian "mitochondria-shaping" protein. (tech-strategy.org)

Response to DNA damage1

• During ATR signaling in response to DNA damage, Rad17 forms a complex with 9-1-1 and loads onto stalled replication forks [ 4 - 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Genes2

• abstract = "The protein products of several rad checkpoint genes of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (rad1+, rad3+, rad9+, rad17+, rad26+, and hus1+) play crucial roles in sensing changes in DNA structure, and several function in the maintenance of telomeres. (elsevierpure.com)
• Nearly 48% of protein-coding genes have non-synonymous amino acid changes between haplotypes, and centromeric regions showed the highest diversity. (bvsalud.org)

Phosphorylation1

• The phosphorylation of this protein is required for the DNA-damage-induced cell cycle G2 arrest, and is thought to be a critical early event during checkpoint signaling in DNA-damaged cells. (wikipedia.org)

Yeast2

• During meiosis in yeast and in mammals, RAD17 protein functions as a DNA damage sensor promoting DNA checkpoint control. (wikipedia.org)
• In yeast, the RAD17 protein facilitates proper assembly of the meiotic crossover recombination complex containing the RAD51 protein, thus promoting efficient repair of meiotic DNA double-strand breaks. (wikipedia.org)

Interactions1

• Through its interactions with other proteins via its BRCT domains, hTopBP1 performs diverse functions [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Human2

• Human DNA topoisomerase II-binding protein 1 (hTopBP1) plays an important role in DNA replication and the DNA damage checkpoint pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
• Human DNA topoisomerase II-binding protein 1 (TopBP1) and its orthologs play important roles in DNA replication and checkpoint control [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Replication1

• The Rad17-RFC and 9-1-1 complexes are structurally similar to the RFC (replication factor C) clamp loader and PCNA sliding clamp, respectively, and similar mechanisms are thought to be used during loading of the 9-1-1 complex and PCNA. (reactome.org)

Chromatin1

• This protein binds to chromatin prior to DNA damage and is phosphorylated by ATR after the damage. (wikipedia.org)

Damage2

• This protein is found to possess 3' to 5' exonuclease activity, which may contribute to its role in sensing and repairing DNA damage. (avivasysbio.com)
• This complex is recruited by checkpoint protein RAD17 to the sites of DNA damage, which is thought to be important for triggering the checkpoint-signaling cascade. (avivasysbio.com)

Complex3

• The 9-1-1 complex is a heterotrimeric ring-shaped structure that is loaded onto DNA by the Rad17-RFC complex. (reactome.org)
• However, the presence of the 9-1-1 complex also alters the ability of Rad17 to become phosphorylated, perhaps suggesting that 9-1-1 may regulate the recruiment of additional ATR substrates. (reactome.org)
• It is believed that this complex is important for the function of these three proteins in DNA repair as well as activation of cell cycle checkpoints. (biomedcentral.com)

Recruitment1

• Conversely the dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1/DNM1) is definitely a cytosolic protein recruitment of which to the OMM from the anchored fission 1 protein (Fis1p/FIS1) adaptor initiates and settings the fission and distribution of mitochondria in cells [19]. (tech-strategy.org)

Activation1

• Activation of ATR phosphorylates a number of downstream proteins that coordinate the cell cycle checkpoint. (biomedcentral.com)

Search1

• Previously NKP608 we recognized the Carboxy-Terminal Modulator Protein (CTMP) inside a two-hybrid search for PKB/Akt binding partners [20]. (tech-strategy.org)

RAD94

• This protein recruits the RAD1-RAD9-HUS1 checkpoint protein complex onto chromatin after DNA damage, which may be required for its phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
• This kinase has been shown to phosphorylate checkpoint kinase CHK1, checkpoint proteins RAD17, and RAD9, as well as tumor suppressor protein BRCA1. (genetex.com)
• The purified Rad17 and Rad9-Hus1-Rad1 (9-1-1) complexes can form a stable co-complex in the presence of ATP, using Rad17-Rad9 interactions. (reactome.org)
• From computer modeling studies, the Rad17 subunit of the complex is also proposed to interact with the C-terminus of Rad1, p36 with the C-terminus of Hus1, and p38 with the C-terminus of Rad9. (reactome.org)

Chromatin-associated1

• This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. (reference.md)

Rad11

• 13. cDNA cloning and gene mapping of human homologs for Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad17, rad1, and hus1 and cloning of homologs from mouse, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila melanogaster. (nih.gov)

Gene product1

• The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to the gene product of Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad17, a cell cycle checkpoint gene required for cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair in response to DNA damage. (wikipedia.org)

Tumor suppressor2

• 2. Biological functions of mammalian Nit1, the counterpart of the invertebrate NitFhit Rosetta stone protein, a possible tumor suppressor. (nih.gov)
• 4. The Rosetta Stone Hypothesis-Based Interaction of the Tumor Suppressor Proteins Nit1 and Fhit. (nih.gov)

Drosophila1

• 1. Nitrilase and Fhit homologs are encoded as fusion proteins in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. (nih.gov)

Mitotic2

• We have reported earlier that the transcription factor Atf1 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe can regulate G2-M transition by directly controlling the expression of the mitotic cyclin Cdc13 (1).To gain a better understanding of the role of Atf1 in cell cycle, we performed a microarray based identification of cell cycle related targets of Atf1. (bvsalud.org)
• We demonstrate that the MAPK Sty1 interacts with Cdc25 and prevents mitotic entry in S.pombe cells exposed to CSE. (bvsalud.org)

Double-strand2

• In yeast, the RAD17 protein facilitates proper assembly of the meiotic crossover recombination complex containing the RAD51 protein, thus promoting efficient repair of meiotic DNA double-strand breaks. (wikipedia.org)
• The rad21 gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe is involved in the repair of ionizing radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. (nih.gov)

Sequence1

• This study reports the detailed functional characterization of one such orphan sequence in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. (bvsalud.org)

Cdc252

• To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of interaction between Sty1 and Cdc25 in S. pombe. (bvsalud.org)
• The functional significance of this interaction lies in effecting Cdc25 turnover after CSE exposure in S.pombe. (bvsalud.org)

Encoded by this gene1

• The protein encoded by this gene belongs the PI3/PI4-kinase family, and is most closely related to ATM, a protein kinase encoded by the gene mutated in ataxia telangiectasia. (genetex.com)

Kinase1

• We show that this gene (Sro1) responds to a variety of stress conditions and that the expression of the gene is regulated mainly through the stress activated protein kinase (SAPK) Sty1 and its downstream transcription factor Atf1. (bvsalud.org)

Responses1

• We have used the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe to elucidate the overall cellular responses towards cigarette smoke. (bvsalud.org)

Similar1

• The Rad17-RFC and 9-1-1 complexes are structurally similar to the RFC (replication factor C) clamp loader and PCNA sliding clamp, respectively, and similar mechanisms are thought to be used during loading of the 9-1-1 complex and PCNA. (reactome.org)

Control2

• During meiosis in yeast and in mammals, RAD17 protein functions as a DNA damage sensor promoting DNA checkpoint control. (wikipedia.org)
• Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. (reference.md)

Activity1

• Luciferase activity was normalized using total mobile proteins tested with BCA proteins assay package (Pierce). (techuniq.com)

Stress3

• We identified this gene as a prominently upregulated 1.4 kb transcript in a screen for Cigarette smoke extract responsive genes in S. pombe and named it Stress Responsive Orphan 1 (Sro1). (bvsalud.org)
• Deletion of Sro1 also significantly alters the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation profiles and the cell-cycle progression of S. pombe during stress conditions. (bvsalud.org)
• Genotoxic stress caused by carcinogens like cigarette smoke activate both the MAPK pathway and the S phase checkpoint in Schizosacchaomyces pombe. (bvsalud.org)

Includes1

• Description of the protein which includes the UniProt Function and the NCBI Gene Summary. (nih.gov)

Analysis1

• ATR (phospho Thr1989) antibody detects ATR (phospho Thr1989) protein at nucleus by immunohistochemical analysis. (genetex.com)