Proteins rna catalytic. Medical search. Frequent questions

In humans, mRNA expression of hTERT ( hEST2 ), the candidate telomerase catalytic subunit gene, appears to parallel the levels of telomerase enzyme activity, suggesting that induction of hTERT is necessary and perhaps sufficient for expression of telomerase activity in tumor cells. (nature.com)
We conclude that synthesis of the hTERT telomerase subunit represents the rate-limiting determinant of telomerase activity in these cells and that this protein, once expressed, becomes part of the functional telomerase holoenzyme. (nature.com)
Telomerase synthesizes chromosome-capping telomeric repeats using an active site in telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and an integral RNA subunit template. (elifesciences.org)
Ensuing discoveries of other natural catalytic RNAs that could cleave and ligate phosphodiester bonds, and the very recent observation that the region surrounding the peptidyl transferase center of a bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit contains RNA and no protein, further buttress the hypothesis. (nobelprize.org)
We soon suggested that the RNA subunit of RNase P was part of the active center of the enzyme, by analogy to the then current picture of the ribosome. (nobelprize.org)
PAN2 is the catalytic subunit of poly(A) nuclease (PAN), a Pab1p-dependent 3'-5' exoribonuclease which plays an important role in the posttranscriptional maturation of pre-mRNAs. (nih.gov)
CDC2 is a catalytic subunit of the highly conserved protein kinase complex known as M-phase promoting factor (MPF) , which is essential for G1/S and G2/M phase transitions of eukaryotic cell cycle. (caslab.com)
The catalytic subunit of an anaerobic ribonucleotide reductase: What binds where? (lu.se)

These results suggest a similar contribution of PCIF1 to the fine regulation of RNA polymerase II activity in mammals, in addition to its mRNA methylation activity, whose role in mRNA translation efficiency is actively studied but still controversial. (cea.fr)
RNAs are critical in gene expression and that gene expression depends on mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA. (wikipedia.org)
These studies demonstrate that Argonaute proteins catalyze mRNA cleavage within RISC and provide a source of recombinant enzyme for detailed biochemical studies of the RNAi effector complex. (rcsb.org)
18 DERs and DEDs were identified in the PTM vs. PM, 87 in the TM vs. PTM, and 87 in the TM vs. PM. Those DERs and DEDs participated in the regulation of gene expression at the levels of chromatin conformation, gene activation and silencing, splicing and degradation of mRNA, biogenesis of piRNA and miRNA, ribosome assemble, and translation of proteins. (peerj.com)
This regulation included whole process of biological genetic information transmission from chromatin conformation to gene activation and silencing to mRNA splicing to ribosome assemble to translation of proteins and degradation of mRNA. (peerj.com)
Moreover, as the word 'coding' refers to the relationship between nucleic acids and proteins, rather than the mere transcription of DNA into RNA, it is logical to call the strand with the mRNA sequence the coding strand, as in the first example. (genomicglossaries.com)
DEAD-box proteins are essential in all aspects of RNA metabolism including pre-mRNA splicing, ribosome biogenesis, RNA interference, translation, mRNA transport, and decay. (allegheny.edu)
Researchers] determined both the intracellular abundance (molecules per cell) and concentration (molecules per fL of biomass) for all the quantified mRNA and protein molecules taking into account also the change in cell volume, and total RNA and protein concentration in the biomass with increasing µ (table S1). (harvard.edu)
RNA silencing regulates gene expression through mRNA degradation, translation repression and chromatin remodelling. (rcsb.org)
The conserved region around the C-terminus of the PIWI domain, which is required for small interfering RNA (siRNA) binding to AfPiwi, may function as the receptor site for the obligatory 5' phosphate of siRNAs, thereby specifying the cleavage position of the target mRNA. (rcsb.org)
Furthermore, Reimand said, the team identified APOBEC (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide-like) enzyme-driven SGMs, "which may help decipher the role of APOBECs in tumorigenesis and progression. (medscape.com)
As binding of miRNAs to a target mRNA may result in an airway inflammatory disease closely correlates with either mRNA degradation or inhibition of protein immune regulation, more and more evidences suggest translation.1 More than 2000 miRNAs have been discovered in humans. (cdc.gov)

Metal ions promote both RNA folding and catalysis, thus being essential in stabilizing the structure and determining the function of large RNA molecules, including group II introns. (nih.gov)
Molecules of RNA have also been shown to effectively self-replicate, catalyze basic reactions, and store heritable information. (wikipedia.org)
Single-stranded RNA molecules can single handedly fold into complex structures. (wikipedia.org)
Phenotype may also be determined by the number of RNA molecules, as more RNA transcripts lead to a greater expression of protein. (wikipedia.org)
Short tails of repetitive nucleic acids are often added to the ends of RNA molecules in order to prevent degradation, effectively increasing the number of RNA strands able to be translated into protein. (wikipedia.org)
During mammalian liver regeneration RNA molecules of growth factors increase in number due to the addition of signaling tails. (wikipedia.org)
Silencing of RNA occurs when double stranded RNA molecules are processed by a series of enzymatic reactions, resulting in RNA fragments that degrade complementary RNA sequences. (wikipedia.org)
According to the 'RNA world' hypothesis, life at this time consisted of macro-molecular or cellular assemblies, with RNA molecules rather than proteins catalysing chemical reactions. (nature.com)
A synthetic, specially- designed oligonucleotide with the ability to recognize and bind a protein ligand molecule or molecules with high affinity and specificity. (genomicglossaries.com)
Further experiments used a mutant form of the TERT protein that cannot interact with other TERT molecules and found that complexes that contain this mutant protein still have normal enzyme activity. (elifesciences.org)
I will present the current knowledge on the many functions RNA molecules have in controlling cellular metabolism. (videolectures.net)
A potent method, called SELEX, enables the isolation and selection of RNA molecules with desired functions and opens the potential for design of therapeutic molecules. (videolectures.net)
Darnell describes how scientists unraveled fundamental questions about the biochemical and genetic importance of RNA-how mRNAs are generated and used to produce proteins, how noncoding and catalytic RNAs mediate key cellular processes, and how RNA molecules likely initiated life on Earth. (cshlpress.com)
Biological molecules that possess catalytic activity. (bvsalud.org)
Enzymes are usually proteins, however CATALYTIC RNA and CATALYTIC DNA molecules have also been identified. (bvsalud.org)

This study demonstrates the importance to not restrict the function of enzymes to their sole catalytic role in the living world and the interest of thoroughly examining the evolution of proteins in eukaryotes in order to discover unsuspected or hidden mechanisms of action. (cea.fr)
protein enzymes carry out catalytic reactions. (wikipedia.org)
The aim of the module is to provide students with a detailed understanding of protein structure, function and application, with particular focus on enzymes. (ncl.ac.uk)
Properties of proteins and enzymes, macromolecules essential to all life. (ncl.ac.uk)
Catalysis by RNA and comparison to protein enzymes. (ncl.ac.uk)
Ting Zhu of Tsinghua University hopes to fill that gap by creating not only mirror-image (MI) DNA strands but also MI enzymes that can copy this unnatural DNA, transcribe it into MI RNA, and, eventually, translate the MI RNA into MI protein. (acs.org)
In support of this, a number of RNA enzymes (ribozymes) have been created, or captured from the wild, that can carry out the sorts of chemical reaction - the formation of peptide bonds, for example - that would have been necessary for such life. (nature.com)
Some enzymes are made of just one component protein that works on its own, but others are made of multiple proteins that are all required for the enzyme to work properly. (elifesciences.org)
However, many enzymes can bind to different combinations of proteins to form groups (or 'complexes') with a variety of three-dimensional shapes, so there may be a variety of enzyme complexes in the solution. (elifesciences.org)
Digest them with a protease-enzymes that chop the protein into small pieces by cutting at a specific site. (blogspot.com)
The CAZy database describes the families of structurally-related catalytic and carbohydrate-binding modules (or functional domains) of enzymes that degrade, modify, or create glycosidic bonds. (lu.se)

Since RNA processing is heritable, it is subject to natural selection suggested by Darwin and contributes to the evolution and diversity of most eukaryotic organisms. (wikipedia.org)
The main focus and motivation of my research has been to biochemically understand the structural interactions and the role that proteins play in RNA catalysis and folding in eukaryotic RNA metabolism. (allegheny.edu)
This group is composed of eukaryotic exoribonucleases that include PAN2, RNA exonuclease 1 (REX1 or Rex1p), REX3 (Rex3p), REX4 (or Rex4p), ISG20, and similar proteins. (nih.gov)
RNA polymerase II ( EC 2.7.7.6 ) [ ( PUBMED:1883205 ) ( PUBMED:1700503 ) ] is one of the three forms of RNA polymerase that exist in eukaryotic nuclei. (embl.de)
Furthermore, two Asp residues, conserved in the majority of Argonaute sequences, align spatially with the catalytic Asp residues of RNase H-like catalytic sites, suggesting that in eukaryotic Argonaute proteins the RNase H-like domain may possess nuclease activity. (rcsb.org)
No one could have written the eukaryotic RNA story as well as Jim Darnell. (cshlpress.com)
This remarkable book tells a story that parallels his career, dealing at the beginning with the prehistory of research on RNA, DNA, and proteins and then shifting into high gear with a detailed look at the history of bacterial messenger RNA and the author s own specialty, the RNA of eukaryotic cells. (cshlpress.com)
The eukaryotic proteins are more complicated than the bacterial enzyme complexes. (tcdb.org)
CDK1, also named as CDC2, belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family and CDC2/CDKX subfamily.CDC2 plays a key role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (caslab.com)

During evolution, this protein naturally lost its catalytic activity in Drosophila where Pcif1 is, like its human counterpart, expressed in the nucleus and associated with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase (RNA Pol II). (cea.fr)
This protein binds to the phosphorylated form of serine 5 of RNA polymerase II ( Figure ) and may directly modulate its activity or promote the recruitment of chromatin components. (cea.fr)
RNA polymerase II is activated by phosphorylation. (embl.de)
It is a component of the kinase complex that phosphorylates the repetitive C-terminus of RNA polymerase II. (caslab.com)

This expression is strictly dependent on the synthesis of messenger RNAs transcripts from the DNA molecule and their subsequent translation into proteins by the ribosomes. (cea.fr)
RNA-based evolution is a theory that posits that RNA is not merely an intermediate between Watson and Crick model of the DNA molecule and proteins, but rather a far more dynamic and independent role-player in determining phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
The Tra gene, determinant of sex, in male flies becomes truncated as splicing events fail to remove a stop codon that controls the length of the RNA molecule. (wikipedia.org)
In others the stop signal is retained within the final RNA molecule and a functional Tra protein is produced resulting in the female phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
He then devised a test to see if the RNA molecule was essential for the function of the enzyme. (nobelprize.org)
At that time, Tom Cech had recently and independently observed phosphoester bond cleavage and ligation by a different RNA molecule. (nobelprize.org)
Last year, researchers from the McCammon Lab at UC San Diego used the Comet supercomputer at SDSC to perform atomistic molecular dynamics - a method that captures a more complete vision of the myriad shapes and conformations that a target protein molecule may go through - at petascale speeds (one quadrillion arithmetic calculations per second). (sdsc.edu)
In RNA: Life s Indispensable Molecule, Jim Darnell provides a comprehensive and captivating account of RNA research, illuminated by his own life-long and celebrated engagement in the field. (cshlpress.com)

He helped to establish the structure of RNA and to discover the methylation of the bases in bacterial DNA. (todayinsci.com)

The genes encoding RBPs and the relevant genes are involved in the transformation from PM to PTM, then constructing the TM by regulating protein synthesis. (peerj.com)
Discoveries by both Cech and Altman overturned the notion that RNA is merely a genetic messenger - an intermediate in the synthesis of proteins from DNA. (todayinsci.com)
In the early 1960s, Smith became involved in unravelling the process whereby the sequence of bases in DNA determines the assembly of the different amino acid sequences of proteins which are responsible for all our bodily functions (structural, enzymatic, hormonal, and so on), a process known as protein synthesis. (todayinsci.com)
Protein synthesis mechanism with reference of Translation and Transcription d. (slideshare.net)
From the very beginning of his first lab at MIT, Darnell, his students and postdocs have studied RNA, its synthesis, processing, and transcriptional regulation. (cshlpress.com)
The most obvious way of confirming a potential protein-coding gene is to find and confirm synthesis of a functional protein. (blogspot.com)

ADAR deletion causes activation of the double-stranded RNA sensor, protein kinase R (PKR). (nih.gov)
The fusion transcript encodes a chimeric protein that couples a segment of the heat shock protein, DNAJB1, with the catalytic domain of protein kinase A (PKA) and exhibits full retention of PKA activity. (medscape.com)

By regulating the transcription in DNA sequences, the stability of RNA, and the capability of messenger RNA to be translated, RNA processing events allow for a diverse array of proteins to be synthesized from a single gene. (wikipedia.org)
Processing of RNA influences protein expression by managing the transcription of DNA sequences, the stability of RNA, and the translation of messenger RNA. (wikipedia.org)

RNA is also believed to have been the genetic material of the first life on Earth. (wikipedia.org)
As life progressed and evolved over time only DNA, which is much more chemically stable than RNA, could support large genomes and eventually took over the role as the major carrier of genetic information. (wikipedia.org)
RNA served as a blueprint for genetic material and was the catalyst to multiply said blueprint. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic, biochemical and structural studies have implicated Argonaute proteins as the catalytic core of the RNAi effector complex, RISC. (rcsb.org)
During this stage, proteins were not yet engaged in biochemical reactions and RNA carried out both the information storage task of genetic information and the full range of catalytic roles necessary in a very primitive self-replicating system. (nobelprize.org)
On further reflection, many doubts have been raised about whether or not the original genetic/catalytic material could have been RNA as we know it today because extreme conditions on the primitive Earth might have led to the rapid chemical degradation of RNA. (nobelprize.org)
Nevertheless, even if the precise chemical nature of the early genetic/catalytic material differed from present-day RNA, it seems reasonable to conclude that the RNA World did exist at some time. (nobelprize.org)
Lecture 2, 04/09/09, thu In this lecture we reviewed some general background in molecular biology, particularly the central genetic process (from DNA to Proteins). (ubc.ca)
Using a novel molecular dynamics method capable of capturing the motion of gyrating proteins at time intervals up to one thousand times greater than previous efforts, a team led by UC San Diego researchers has identified, for the first time, the myriad structural changes that activate and drive CRISPR-Cas9, the innovative gene-splicing technology that's transforming the field of genetic engineering. (sdsc.edu)
With the discovery that ribonucleic acid (RNA) can store genetic information and execute catalytic and regulatory functions, the central dogma is now being challenged. (videolectures.net)

Mechanisms of action of several major enzyme classes to illustrate key catalytic strategies. (ncl.ac.uk)
CINCINNATI - For years, RNA has seemed an elusive tool in nanotechnology research - easily manipulated into a variety of structures, yet susceptible to quick destruction when confronted with a commonly found enzyme. (scienceblog.com)
The enzyme RNase cuts RNA randomly into small pieces, very efficiently and within minutes," explains Peixuan Guo, PhD, Dane and Mary Louise Miller Endowed Chair and professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Cincinnati (UC). (scienceblog.com)
Among the complexes, cellular holoenzyme and minimal recombinant enzyme monomeric for TERT had catalytic activity. (elifesciences.org)
However, a perceptive and hard-working graduate student, Ben Stark, noticed that an RNA copurified with the protein in the enzyme preparation. (nobelprize.org)
While the DNMT2 protein contains all the catalytic motifs of a canonical DNA methyltransferase, we have shown that the enzyme is a multisubstrate tRNA methyltransferase that methylates certain tRNAs. (dkfz.de)
Studies have revealed that the RNA guide used to direct the cleaving enzyme to its target can sometimes go astray, landing on other DNA strands with similar but not identical sequences. (sdsc.edu)

For instance, because the body's molecular machinery won't recognize them, MI DNAs, MI RNAs, and MI proteins resist enzymatic degradation and can largely avoid triggering an immune response, making them attractive drug candidates. (acs.org)
One class of such RNA agents is small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that mediate viral message degradation with perfect base pairing to the target. (ca.gov)

As part of the helicase superfamily 2 (SF2), DEAD-box proteins are formally putative RNA helicases. (allegheny.edu)

My involvement in the discovery of the first catalytic RNA began in innocence during a study of tRNA biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. (nobelprize.org)

As they are synthesized, mRNAs undergo chemical modifications that ensure their stability, their delivery to ribosomes and eventually their translation into proteins. (cea.fr)

A deep search has turned up an RNA that can carry out the chemically complex 'aldol' reaction involved in sugar metabolism. (nature.com)
The RNA world theory proposes that an RNA-based life predated today's DNA and proteins dominated cellular metabolism. (videolectures.net)

Some of them encode proteins, some of them specify abundant RNAs like tRNAs and ribosomal RNAs, some of them are responsible for making a variety of small catalytic RNAs, and some unknown fraction may specify regulatory RNAs (e.g. lncRNAs). (blogspot.com)
Aside from the obvious highly conserved genes for ubiquitous RNAs (rRNA, tRNAs etc.), protein-coding genes are the easiest to recognize from looking at a genome sequence. (blogspot.com)

Delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to tumours remains a major obstacle for the development of RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapeutics. (biomedcentral.com)

Certain ion-binding sites resemble motifs observed in known RNA structures, while others are idiosyncratic to the group II intron. (nih.gov)
Our analysis extends the general principles by which ions participate in RNA structural organization and it will aid in the determination and interpretation of future RNA structures. (nih.gov)
They are synthesized as single-stranded chains and must fold into defined complex structures, like proteins, to accomplish their diverse functions. (allegheny.edu)

American biochemist and molecular biologist who, with Sidney Altman , was awarded the 1989 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for their discoveries concerning RNA (ribonucleic acid). (todayinsci.com)

When DNA sequences are described by giving the sequence of only one strand, this is usually the strand with the same sequence as the RNA (messenger, ribosomal, transfer, etc.) and should therefore be called the coding strand. (genomicglossaries.com)

To date, various genome-scale loss-of-function screening methods have been developed, including approaches employing RNA interference 1 , 2 and the RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 from the microbial CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) adaptive immune system 3 , 4 . (cdc.gov)

In living organisms, gene expression is a complex process that results in the production of proteins from the genome in a time- and space-regulated manner. (cea.fr)
In accordance with the central dogma of molecular biology, RNA passes information between the DNA of a genome and the proteins expressed within an organism. (wikipedia.org)
Here, through analysis of genome-scale loss-of-function datasets, we identify adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR or ADAR1) as an essential gene for the survival of a subset of cancer cell lines. (nih.gov)
Subsequent work has elucidated the underlying mechanisms and uncovered how RNA modifications can result in genome recoding. (dkfz.de)
There are about 20,000 potential protein-coding genes in the human genome. (blogspot.com)
Over the years, the number of protein-coding genes in the human genome has dropped from the initial reports of about 30,000 to about 20,000. (blogspot.com)
The gene-finding algorithms tend to over-predict the number of protein-coding genes and subsequent annotation leads to a "finished" genome sequence that eliminates all the false positives. (blogspot.com)
Among the established custom DNA binding domains, Cas9 is most easily scaled to facilitate genome-scale perturbations 3 , 4 due to its simplicity of programming relative to zinc finger proteins and transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs). (cdc.gov)
In The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), lung cancer samples included 10.5 tobacco smoking-associated SGMs per genome on average: 73% of cancers had at least one, and 39% had at least 10 of these protein-truncating mutations. (medscape.com)
[ 19 ] The apparent lack of a second-hit mutation in the genome of FLCs supports the role of DNAJB1-PRACA fusion protein as a major driver of this tumor and as a key diagnostic and therapeutic target. (medscape.com)

To test this model directly, we ectopically expressed an epitope-tagged version of hTERT in telomerase-negative cells and show that telomerase activity was induced to levels comparable to those seen in immortal telomerase-positive cells and that the expressed hTERT protein was physically associated with the cellular telomerase activity. (nature.com)
RNA plays a crucial structural and catalytic role in a variety of important cellular processes. (allegheny.edu)
RNA might be at the centre of life, at its origin, driving evolution and regulating cellular activities until today. (videolectures.net)

SCOPe: Structural Classification of Proteins - extended. (berkeley.edu)
SCOP: Structural Classification of Proteins and ASTRAL. (berkeley.edu)

The tag then aided the physical separation of the RNA from the substrate so that the RNA could be studied in isolation. (nature.com)
The active site includes the catalytic site (characterized by four invariant acidic residues, DEDD) and the substrate binding site. (nih.gov)

But by replacing a chemical group in the macromolecule, Guo says he and fellow researchers have found a way to bypass RNase and create stable three-dimensional configurations of RNA, greatly expanding the possibilities for RNA in nanotechnology (the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale). (scienceblog.com)
The crystal structure of an archaeal Piwi protein (AfPiwi) is organised into two domains, one resembling the sugar-binding portion of the lac repressor and another with similarity to RNase H. Invariant residues and a coordinated metal ion lie in a pocket that surrounds the conserved C-terminus of the protein, defining a key functional region in the PIWI domain. (rcsb.org)
The current estimates are about 20,000 protein-coding genes and about 5,000 genes for functional RNAs. (blogspot.com)

The other class of anti-HIV RNAs is self-catalytic ribozymes that recognizes their target by base pairing following by enzymatic cutting of the target. (ca.gov)
Disruption of PKR signaling, through inactivation of PKR or overexpression of either a wildtype or catalytically inactive mutant version of the p150 isoform of ADAR1, partially rescues cell lethality after ADAR1 loss, suggesting that both catalytic and non-enzymatic functions of ADAR1 may contribute to preventing PKR-mediated cell lethality. (nih.gov)

In agreement with these observations, the Pcif1 protein is distributed all along the polytene chromosomes at the level of active transcription sites and interferes with chromatin-dependent gene expression regulation. (cea.fr)
We discussed the structure, function, and string representation of DNA, proteins and RNA and started discussing the basic processes of gene expression (transcription and translation). (ubc.ca)
Programmable DNA binding proteins have emerged as an exciting platform for engineering synthetic transcription factors for modulating endogenous gene expression 5 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
Cas9 nuclease can be converted into an RNA-guided DNA binding protein (dCas9) via inactivation of its two catalytic domains 12 , 13 and then fused to transcription activation domains. (cdc.gov)
Although the current generation of dCas9-based transcription activators is able to achieve up-regulation of some endogenous loci, the magnitude of transcriptional up-regulation achieved by individual single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) 12 typically ranges from low to ineffective 8 - 11 . (cdc.gov)

The work of the scientists shows that mutation of Pcif1 gene in Drosophila results in a deregulation of the expression of a set of genes, reduced body weight and a significant drop in fertility which indicates an important role for this protein in the physiology of the organism. (cea.fr)
This study is to explore the biogenesis mechanism of a secondary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on the function of RNA binding proteins (RBPs)-encoding genes in the physiological microenvironment (PM). (peerj.com)
Synthetic antisense DNAs are used to hybridize to complementary sequences in target RNAs or DNAs to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes. (genomicglossaries.com)
Proteins for 85% of these genes have been detected by various assays. (blogspot.com)
Several thousand more genes have matched to proteins in various ways. (blogspot.com)
That still left thousand of putative genes with no evidence that they actually make a protein. (blogspot.com)
We use these engineered Cas9 activation complexes to investigate sgRNA targeting rules for effective transcriptional activation, demonstrate multiplexed activation of 10 genes simultaneously, and upregulate long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA) transcripts. (cdc.gov)
These SGM mutations frequently affect cancer tumor suppressor genes such as TP53 , FAT1 , and APC , keeping them from fully forming to produce proteins that prevent abnormal cells from growing and causing cancer. (medscape.com)

These motor proteins modulate RNA-RNA, RNA-protein, and/or protein-protein interactions by utilizing nine conserved motifs to convert RNA binding and ATP hydrolysis into distinct conformational changes. (allegheny.edu)

Moreover, combinations with small RNAs capable of turning over multiple target substrates, such as siRNAs and ribozymes, showed greater inhibition to HIV replication in a one-month challenge assay. (ca.gov)

This technique sifts through a quadrillion or so random sequences of RNA to find a few (or perhaps just one) that can carry out a specified reaction. (nature.com)
Finally, the so-called "evolution in vitro " methodology, which is able to scan an enormous number of nucleic acid sequences in vitro for any given function, has revealed that RNA, indeed, can have many different catalytic functions as so can, presumably, DNA. (nobelprize.org)
If the protein is expressed in many different species then the exon sequences will be conserved and it's easy for a computer program to identify the gene. (blogspot.com)

Short fragments of DNA or RNA that are used to alter the function of target RNAs or DNAs to which they hybridize. (genomicglossaries.com)

Researchers at IRIG, in collaboration with the University of Geneva, focused on a RNA mammalian methyltransferase, the PCIF1 protein (homologous to the Drosophila Pcif1 protein), which adds an extra methyl group to m 6 A (m 6 adenosine) to form m 6 Am when the first transcribed nucleotide is an adenosine. (cea.fr)
MiRNAs are approximately 19- to 25-nucleotide estimated about 250,000 and mortality does not appear single-stranded, noncoding RNAs that exist in both to correlate well with prevalence. (cdc.gov)

RNase interaction with RNA requires a match of structural conformation," says Guo. (scienceblog.com)
When RNA conformation has changed, the RNase cannot recognize RNA and the binding becomes an issue. (scienceblog.com)

Particularly interesting are (1) ions proximal to the active site, which may participate in splicing together with the catalytic four-metal-ion center, (2) organic ions that bind regions predicted to interact with intron-encoded proteins, and (3) unusual monovalent ions bound to GU wobble pairs, GA mismatches, the S-turn, the tetraloop-receptor, and the T-loop. (nih.gov)
Splicing is the process by which non-coding regions of RNA are removed. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, alternative RNA splicing events allow differential phenotypes, regardless of the identity of the coding DNA sequence. (wikipedia.org)

The central dogma of molecular biology suggests that biological information is stored in DNA then flows via RNA into proteins, which execute the functions dictated by DNA. (videolectures.net)
The book is geared towards scientists from the graduate level on up, and will particularly appeal to active investigators in RNA biology, educators of molecular biology and biochemistry, and science historians. (cshlpress.com)
In sum, Darnell has succeeded in writing an appealing and cogent account of the rise of RNA molecular biology and its continued centrality in research today. (cshlpress.com)
For example, one of the predicted fragments of the human serum albumin protein is FKDLGEENFK (ends in lysine=K). This has an exact molecular mass of 1226.59 so if you find a peptide of that size in your mixture then it probably means that human serum albumin was present. (blogspot.com)

Therefore, from an evolutionary standpoint, a mutation within the DNA bases results in an alteration of the RNA transcripts, which in turn leads to a direct difference in phenotype. (wikipedia.org)

Hence, protein cofactors are usually necessary to stabilize or modulate RNA folding. (allegheny.edu)

The telomerase holoenzyme is composed of both RNA and protein subunits. (nature.com)
The fundamental question of whether human telomerase catalytic activity requires cooperation across two TERT subunits remains under debate. (elifesciences.org)
The center of telomerase has a protein called TERT that forms complexes with other proteins. (elifesciences.org)
Therefore, a future challenge will be to refine the method to allow experiments to use much less protein, which would more closely reflect how telomerase is produced in cells. (elifesciences.org)

It probably projects out of the globular catalytic domain and may interact with the acidic activator domains of transcriptional regulatory proteins. (embl.de)

By degrading transcripts, a lower amount of protein products are translated and the phenotype is altered by yet another RNA processing event. (wikipedia.org)

REX proteins are required for the processing and maturation of many RNA species, and ISG20 is an interferon-induced antiviral exonuclease with a strong preference for single-stranded RNA. (nih.gov)

One type of RNA protein cofactors are the ubiquitous DEAD-box proteins. (allegheny.edu)

Abstract Combinational therapy with small RNA inhibitory agents against multiple viral targets allows efficient inhibition of viral production by controlling gene expression at critical time points. (ca.gov)
This represents the first efficacious example of combining Drosha-processed siRNAs with small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP)-processed nucleolar RNA chimeras from a single intron platform for effective inhibition of viral replication. (ca.gov)
Moreover, we demonstrated enrichment/selection for cells expressing levels of the antiviral RNAs that provide optimal inhibition under the selective pressure of HIV. (ca.gov)

The practicals form the core of this module as they will give the students 'hands-on' experience of key methods in protein biochemistry, and provide training in data acquisition, interpretation and critical analysis. (ncl.ac.uk)

This may seem like looking for a needle in a haystack, but SELEX is extremely powerful: it has turned up more RNA catalysts than have been found by harvesting from living material 4 . (nature.com)

We found that the modified RNA can fold into its 3-D structure appropriately, and can carry out its biological functions after modification," says Guo. (scienceblog.com)

Prior to Cech's research on RNA, most scientists believed that proteins were the only catalysts in living cells. (todayinsci.com)
Cech's observation and ours, while still greeted skeptically by some members of the enzymological community, were soon universally accepted and within a few years other catalytic RNAs derived from plant pathogens and the human delta RNA were also found. (nobelprize.org)

The fundamental engines of RNA silencing are RISC and RITS complexes, whose common components are 21-25 nt RNA and an Argonaute protein containing a PIWI domain of unknown function. (rcsb.org)

The fly Pcif1 expressed in the nucleus and binds the phosphorylated C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA Pol II (at the level of phosph orylated s erine 5). (cea.fr)
the E-value for the RNA_pol_Rpb1_R domain shown below is 8.3e-7. (embl.de)
Here we engineered the catalytic core complex and the RNA binding domain, and evaluated the capability of using these materials for inhibitor development. (duke.edu)

Thus, when single-step selection succeeds, it strongly implies that the active site could also have been found by ribocytes, the supposed primordial RNA 'cells', using a more effective evolutionary search. (nature.com)
Gene therapy approaches are attractive alternatives where the most vulnerable immune cells are modified with antiviral small RNAs with the goal to engineer an HIV-resistant immune system. (ca.gov)
Interestingly, cells with optimal level of small RNA expression to effectively inhibit viral replication were enriched under the selective pressure of HIV, demonstrating the importance of balancing expression and functionality for successful gene therapy applications. (ca.gov)
Take any tissue or groups of cells and isolate all the proteins. (blogspot.com)

The lack of catalytic activity of Pcif1 in Drosophila reveals a new mechanism of gene expression regulation. (cea.fr)

Rather RNA has retained some of its former independence from DNA and is subject to a network of processing events that alter the protein expression from that bounded by just the genomic DNA. (wikipedia.org)

The formation of these complex structure gives reason to suspect that early life could have formed by RNA. (wikipedia.org)
However, it is not known how many copies of the TERT protein are present in each complex. (elifesciences.org)
Here we explore combinations of different classes of therapeutic anti-HIV-1 RNAs expressed from within the context of an intronic MCM7 (minichromosome maintenance complex component-7) platform that naturally harbors 3 microRNAs (miRNAs). (ca.gov)

RNA nanoparticles can be fabricated with a level of simplicity characteristic of DNA while possessing versatile structure and catalytic function similar to that of proteins. (scienceblog.com)
Cech showed that RNA could have an independent catalytic function, a "ribozyme", aiding a chemical reaction without being consumed or changed. (todayinsci.com)
In Stark's experiment, the test showed that the RNA was essential for RNase P function. (nobelprize.org)
By analyzing RNA-methylation deficient mouse models we have demonstrated an essential function of this modification during development. (dkfz.de)

Anatomy12

Organisms18

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs97

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Phenomena and Processes55

Information Science4

Health Care1

Subunit8

MRNA12

Molecules15

Enzymes11

Eukaryotic9

Polymerase4

Molecule8

Bacterial1

Synthesis6

Kinase2

Messenger RNA2

Genetic10

Enzyme7

Degradation2

Superfamily1

TRNA1

Ribosomes1

Metabolism2

TRNAs2

SiRNA1

Structures3

Ribonucleic acid1

Ribosomal1

Interference1

Genome10

Cellular3

Structural Classifi2

Substrate2

Functional3

Enzymatic2

Transcription5

Genes8

Motifs1

Ribozymes1

Sequences3

DNAs1

Nucleotide2

Conformation2

Splicing3

Molecular4

Mutation1

Modulate1

Telomerase4

Transcriptional1

Transcripts1

Single-stranded1

Ubiquitous1

Inhibition3

Biochemistry1

SELEX1

Fold1

Cech's2

Argonaute1

Domain3

Cells4

Regulation1

Genomic1

Complex3

Function4