• 1963). Both technical chlordane and one of its pure isomers (gamma-chlordane) have been shown to have stimulating effects on rat liver microsomes for the metabolism of certain drugs (Burns et al. (inchem.org)
  • The relationship between metabolism by rat liver microsomes and LSD-binding with cytochrome P-450 was studied using LSD induced difference spectra. (erowid.org)
  • The in vitro metabolism of 1-propyl halides (chloride, bromide, and iodide) by hepatic microsomes from phenobarbital-induced rats was examined. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In vitro metabolism experiments were performed in the liver microsomes of male or female mice, rat or human. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There was no metabolic difference for NQ in male and female mice, rat or human liver microsomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The metabolism of midazolam and triazolam to their 1'-hydroxy and 4-hydroxy metabolites was studied in microsomes of 15 human livers. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Moreover, midazolam hydroxylase activity was immunoprecipitated from solubilized human microsomes with polyclonal antibodies against rat P450PCN1 and the closely related human isozyme P450NF. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In-vitro metabolic inhibition studies using rat and human liver microsomes and intestinal absorption studies of riluzole in a rat everted gut-sac model were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of interaction. (researchgate.net)
  • After a 1-week adaptation to laboratory conditions, 48 male Wistar rats were fed a LF/HC diet for 3 weeks. (frontiersin.org)
  • PGJ abrogates liver fibrosis instigated by NDEA in Wistar rats by declining oxidative stress via regulation of Nrf2 and NFκB. (nature.com)
  • Methods: Pharmacokinetic parameters of riluzole were determined in Wistar rats after single-dose co-administration with ciprofloxacin and grapefruit juice. (researchgate.net)
  • The inbred Lou/C rat, originating from the Wistar strain, has been described as a model of resistance to diet-induced obesity, but little is known about its metabolism. (unige.ch)
  • Since this knowledge could provide some clues about the etiology of obesity/insulin resistance, this study aimed at characterizing glucose and lipid metabolism in Lou/C vs. Wistar rats. (unige.ch)
  • Body weight and caloric intake were lower in Lou/C than in Wistar rats, whereas food efficiency was similar. (unige.ch)
  • Fat deposition was markedly lower in Lou/C than in Wistar rats, especially in visceral adipose tissue. (unige.ch)
  • In the inguinal adipose depot, expression of uncoupling protein-1 was detected in Lou/C but not in Wistar rats, in keeping with a higher expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 in these animals. (unige.ch)
  • Most interestingly, gender-specific proteome comparison showed that male and female rats displayed differential regulation of proteins involved in muscle contraction, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, as well as oxidative phosphorylation and cellular stress. (karger.com)
  • We previously reported that rats prone to obesity exhibit an exaggerated increase in glucose oxidation and an exaggerated decline in lipid oxidation under a low-fat high-carbohydrate (LF/HC) diet. (frontiersin.org)
  • Liver, muscle, and intestine tissue samples were taken to measure mRNA expression of key genes involved in glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. (frontiersin.org)
  • From these results, we make the hypothesis that in CS rats, CCK increased pancreatic secretion, which may favor a quicker absorption of carbohydrates and consequently induces an enhanced inhibition of lipid oxidation in the liver, leading to a progressive accumulation of fat preferentially in visceral deposits. (frontiersin.org)
  • Liver fatty acid binding protein (LFABP) belongs to a family of small (14kDa) intracellular lipid-binding proteins, which have a characteristic β-barrel structure. (soton.ac.uk)
  • Reduction of total cholesterols (TC) and LDL-C by dietary alterations and medications that affect lipid metabolism [ 14 ] is found to reduce the occurrence of atherosclerosis in animals and clinical cardiovascular events in human [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Conclusion: Ganshu Nuodan can protect acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice by inhibiting oxidative stress, lipid accumulation and apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Finally, body fat composition and the expression of various factors involved in lipid metabolism were determined. (unige.ch)
  • Since the human intestine also synthesizes glucose, glucose metabolism may be a new target in the treatment of food intake disorders, the researchers concluded. (psychologytoday.com)
  • The most striking and characteristic metabolic alteration in cancer cells is anomalous glucose metabolism and cancer cells tend to utilize glycolysis to obtain energy even under aerobic conditions via a process called 'aerobic glycolysis' ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • 1964). In vitro metabolism by hepatic microsomal enzymes from rats treated 8 days previously with single i.p. doses of 10 or 100 mg/kg of chlordane in corn oil was increased for the 3 drugs reported (hexobarbital, aminopyrine and chlorpromazine). (inchem.org)
  • In-vitro metabolism studies demonstrated significant inhibition of riluzole metabolism when it was co-incubated with ciprofloxacin or grapefruit juice. (researchgate.net)
  • Changes in the redox state of cells affect proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids in different ways. (hindawi.com)
  • To elicit these effects TA requires oxidative bioactivation leading first to its S-oxide (TASO) and then to its chemically reactive S,S-dioxide (TASO2) which ultimately modifies amine-lipids and proteins. (ku.edu)
  • Many chemicals and cellular processes cause oxidative stress that can damage lipids, proteins or DNA. (asbmb.org)
  • The elevation of blood glucose leads to the development of abnormalities in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and electrolytes. (who.int)
  • Plasma protein binding of NQ was determined in pooled plasma collected from male or female mice, rat or human. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Its use is based on animal studies in mice, rats, and dogs. (medscape.com)
  • K. marxianus supplementation repaired the gut barrier by increasing tight junction proteins and the number of goblet cells in the colon of ALD mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • Circulating FGF21 was increased 10-fold in mice and rats fed a low-protein (LP) diet. (jci.org)
  • LP-induced increases in FGF21 were associated with increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) in the liver, and both baseline and LP-induced serum FGF21 levels were reduced in mice lacking the eIF2α kinase general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2). (jci.org)
  • Finally, while protein restriction altered food intake, energy expenditure, and body weight gain in WT mice, FGF21-deficient animals did not exhibit these changes in response to a LP diet. (jci.org)
  • Serum BHBA ( D ) and FGF21 ( E ) were measured in mice fed control, KD, or KD supplemented with an isocaloric amount of either carbohydrate (KD + CHO) or protein (KD + P) for 4 days. (jci.org)
  • Oral, 90- and decrements in fetal/pup body weights following exposures to day exposures of rats and mice to NMP result in decrements in NMP vapor. (cdc.gov)
  • Relevant of mutagenicity and clastogenici- angiosarcomas of the liver, which carcinogens discussed in this chap- ty, including the induction of sister are rare tumours, were identified in ter do not include pharmaceutical chromatid exchange (SCE), chro- humans, rats, and mice exposed to drugs classified in Group 1, which mosomal aberrations (CA), and mi- vinyl chloride. (who.int)
  • or each of these agents, carcinogenicity in rats and/or mice, els, differences in exposure con- there was sufficient evidence of car- for example for the liver (aflatoxins, ditions between studies in animals cinogenicity from studies in rats and/ trichloroethylene [TCE], and vinyl and in humans, or limitations in Part 1 · Chapter 1. (who.int)
  • Assessment of the roles of P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 in triptolide-induced liver toxicity in sandwich-cultured rat hepatocyte model. (curehunter.com)
  • Effect of excess and deficient copper intake on hepatic microsomal metabolism and toxicity of foreign chemicals. (cdc.gov)
  • zinc toxicity alters mitochondrial metabolism and lowers ATP production in liver mitochondria. (marksdailyapple.com)
  • The potent inhibition of TASO oxidation by TA, coupled with the back-reduction of TASO and its futile redox cycling with TA may help explain phenomena previously interpreted as "saturation toxicokinetics" in the in vivo metabolism and toxicity of TA and TASO. (ku.edu)
  • Metabolism and Toxicity of Thioacetamide and Thioacetamide S-Oxide in Rat Hepatocytes. (ku.edu)
  • Given the vast differences in metabolism between healthy and tumor cells, there is hope that selective targeting of tumor metabolism may be achieved while limiting toxicity to healthy tissue. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Blood alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities are widely used as sensitive markers of liver toxicity. (go.jp)
  • In developmental and reproductive toxicity studies in rats, h/day, 5 days/week). (cdc.gov)
  • Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals (Drug Metab Dispos) Vol. 41 Issue 12 Pg. (curehunter.com)
  • Effects of excess and deficient copper (7440508) (Cu) intake on hepatic microsomal metabolism were investigated in male Holtzmann- rats. (cdc.gov)
  • There was a significant reduction in hepatic microsomal metabolism of aniline after 3 or 6 weeks on deficient diets. (cdc.gov)
  • Rat liver microsomal metabolism of propyl halides. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Biliary secretion and metabolism and plasma and hepatic concentrations were evaluated by high-pressure liquid chromatography- electrospray-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry in bile fistula rat and compared with natural analogs chenodeoxycholic, cholic acid, and taurochenodexycholic acid and intestinal bacteria metabolism was evaluated in terms of 7α-dehydroxylase substrate-specificity in anaerobic human stool culture. (unimib.it)
  • Comparison of the stability and substrate specificity of purified peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolases A and B from rat liver. (rhea-db.org)
  • This review describes recent advances in the role of human HMGB proteins and other proteins interacting with them, in cancerous processes related to oxidative stress, with special reference to ovarian and prostate cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • Many of these proteins are commonly expressed in cells exposed to oxidative stress. (asbmb.org)
  • Animal experiments revealed that STZ treatment rendered female rats more susceptible to induction of diabetes than their male littermates with significantly lower plasma insulin levels due to hormonal regulation. (karger.com)
  • ITT, GTT, and MTT showed that CS rats were neither insulin resistant nor glucose intolerant, but mRNA expression of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the duodenum was higher and that of CPT1, PPARα, and PGC1α in liver were lower than in CR rats. (frontiersin.org)
  • The programming of blood pressure, insulin responses to glucose, cholesterol metabolism, blood coagulation, and hormonal settings are all areas of active research.The BMJ's recent editorial on the fetal origins hypothesis stated that it rests only on the "very general" proposition that fetal undernutrition causes coronary heart disease. (bmj.com)
  • 7 What is new is an understanding that some of the body's memories of early undernutrition become translated into pathology-an unsurprising conclusion since numerous experiments in animals have shown that undernutrition for even brief periods in utero leads to persisting changes in blood pressure, cholesterol metabolism, insulin responses to glucose, and in a range of other metabolic, endocrine, and immune parameters. (bmj.com)
  • Improved glucose tolerance of Lou/C rats was not related to increased insulin output but was related to improved insulin sensitivity/responsiveness in the liver and in skeletal muscles. (unige.ch)
  • In the latter tissue, this was accompanied by improved insulin signaling, as suggested by higher activation of the insulin receptor and of the Akt/protein kinase B pathway. (unige.ch)
  • The Lou/C rat is a valuable model of spontaneous food restriction with associated improved insulin sensitivity. (unige.ch)
  • Gender differences in physiology and metabolism have important potential implications with regards to the development of new approaches for the intervention of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity [ 1 ]. (karger.com)
  • To figure out just how protein achieves this special effect, Mithieux and his colleagues fed rats a protein-enriched diet and measured metabolic changes. (psychologytoday.com)
  • These data suggest that continuous PCP infusions initially decrease CYP2C11 function and protein expression by a pretranslational mechanism, but continued exposure to PCP leads to metabolic adaptation without the recovery of mRNA levels. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The underlying factors leading to the potential gender difference, i.e., plasma protein binding and metabolic clearance, were also evaluated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The difference was not associated with plasma protein binding or hepatic metabolic clearance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thioctic acid is a coenzyme in cellular metabolism, a free radical scavenger, and an antioxidant used for diabetic neuropathies and various metabolic disorders. (medscape.com)
  • These and other data demonstrate that reduced protein intake underlies the increase in circulating FGF21 in response to starvation and a ketogenic diet and that FGF21 is required for behavioral and metabolic responses to protein restriction. (jci.org)
  • Xenobiotics and their metabolites are generally eliminated and detoxified by phase I and phase II enzymatic metabolism, by phase III transporter-mediated drug efflux to bile, or by both mechanisms. (aspetjournals.org)
  • To generate a suite of liver proteins adducted by TA metabolites for proteomic analysis, and to reduce the need for both animals and labeled compounds, we treated isolated hepatocytes directly with TA. (ku.edu)
  • The formation of both metabolites was inhibited by more than 90% by an antiserum directed against a pregnenolone 16 alpha-carbonitrile-inducible cytochrome P450 (P450PCN1) of rat liver. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Following intravenous administration in rats, flecainide and its metabolites are distributed into many tissues, including the heart, but only minimally into the CNS. (medscape.com)
  • Flecainide is metabolized in the liver (CYP2D6-mediated) into inactive metabolites. (medscape.com)
  • The hepatic metabolism and biliary secretion were different: 6α-ethyl-3α,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid, as chenodeoxycholic acid, was efficiently conjugated with taurine in the liver and, only in this form, promptly and efficiently secreted in bile. (unimib.it)
  • Our data also provide evidence that the marked interindividual variation in the response to these widely used benzodiazepine drugs is due to variable hepatic metabolism. (aspetjournals.org)
  • 1953). It is stored in the adipose tissue of rats, sheep, goats, and cows and accumulates in the milk. (inchem.org)
  • The hormones and enzymes that cause chemical changes and control all body processes are also made of proteins. (psychologytoday.com)
  • Enzymes are biological molecules produced by living entities for carrying out biological processes. (preprints.org)
  • We previously reported that hepatobiliary transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP2/Mrp2) is considered to be the major cause of the interspecies differences detected by efflux of fluorescent substrates in isolated hepatocytes. (aspetjournals.org)
  • By using our newly developed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification method, we were able to measure the absolute amount of MRP2/Mrp2 in liver tissues and isolated hepatocytes across species. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Freshly isolated hepatocytes conserved MRP2/Mrp2 protein levels that are comparable with those in the liver tissues. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Moreover, a significant loss of Mrp2 protein in the membrane fraction of rat cryopreserved hepatocytes was observed. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The improved understanding of the metabolism and covalent binding of TA and TASO facilitates the use of hepatocytes to prepare protein adducts for target protein identification. (ku.edu)
  • The effects of various macrolide antibiotics [triacetyloleandomycin (TAO), clarithromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin, erythromycin base] and the new ketolide HMR3004 on CYP3A expression were evaluated in human and rat hepatocytes. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In rat hepatocytes, no induction of CYP3A1 expression was observed following exposure to macrolides, even to erythromycin base and TAO (well known in vivo CYP3A1 inducers), whereas dexamethasone and phenobarbital were confirmed to induce this enzyme. (aspetjournals.org)
  • These results confirmed the interspecies variability of CYP3A regulation in hepatocytes and raised the question of its mechanism of induction by macrolides in human liver. (aspetjournals.org)
  • WBV exposure resulted in a significant reduction in number of developing follicles, and decrease in circulating estradiol concentrations, ovarian luteinizing hormone receptor protein levels, and marked changes in transcript levels for several factors involved in follicular development, cell cycle, and steroidogenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • ABSTRACT Currently no reports are available from Egypt regarding occupational exposure to nickel and its effects on the liver. (who.int)
  • Carcino- studies in rats. (cdc.gov)
  • Ronden JE, Drittij-Reijnders MJ, Vermeer C, Thijssen HHW: Intestinal flora is not an intermediate in the phylloquinone-menaquinone-4 conversion in the rat. (karger.com)
  • The study of fatty acid metabolism gained importance during the 1970s when investigators and clinicians recognized patients who appeared to have genetic defects in this area. (medscape.com)
  • In 1973, carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) deficiency became the first fatty acid metabolism condition to be defined. (medscape.com)
  • We investigated the relationships between the activity and gene expression of the hepatic transaminases and the state of hepatic amino acid/glucose/fatty acid metabolism in the ad libitum fed (ALF) and spaced-fed (SF) rats. (go.jp)
  • In rats with a genetic predisposition to developing Alzheimer's disease, supplementing with carnosine reduced the prevalence of classic AD hallmarks, the first and foremost of which was mitochondrial dysfunction. (marksdailyapple.com)
  • Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency. (rhea-db.org)
  • In addition, hepatotoxicity and the expression of apoptosis proteins Bax and Bcl-2 were correlated qualitatively with the TP exposure duration and its intracellular concentration, which, in turn, can be modulated by P-gp inhibitors or inducers. (curehunter.com)
  • Akt pathways have effects on apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism and cell cycle. (springer.com)
  • Increased urinary L-FABP levels, focal glomerular sclerosis, moderate interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, and accumulation of renal oxidative proteins were significantly observed in the SDT fatty rats, compared to the SD rats. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Perinatal protein malnutrition (PPM), a model used for studies on DOHaD, has been associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular and renal diseases, in addition to affecting reproductive parameters and the development of some types of cancer. (fapesp.br)
  • Penicillin G may displace amanitin from plasma proteins, thus increasing renal excretion. (medscape.com)
  • Aniline hydroxylase activity was reduced by 80 percent at 450ppm Cu. Growth retardation was seen in rats given deficient diets, but no effects on liver/body weight ratios or liver proteins were seen. (cdc.gov)
  • 64.2 versus 7.7) in rat than in dog, whereas the in vivo biliary excretion of temocaprilat was 40-fold higher in rat than in dog. (aspetjournals.org)
  • B. adolescentis PRL2019 and B. adolescentis HD17T2H, which were employed in an in vivo trial in rats. (nature.com)
  • Feeding Groningen rats with a supplementation of B. adolescentis strains, confirmed the ability of these microorganisms to stimulate the in vivo production of GABA highlighting their potential implication in gut-brain axis interactions. (nature.com)
  • AMPK pathways inhibit biosynthetic pathways with energy consumption, such as protein, fatty acid and glycogen synthesis. (springer.com)
  • Thijssen HHW, Drittij-Reijnders MJ, Fischer MAJG: Phylloquinone and menaquinone-4 distribution in rats: Synthesis rather than uptake determines menaquinone-4 organ concentrations. (karger.com)
  • These alterations were due to increases in the synthesis of hepatic ALT and AST proteins. (go.jp)
  • In conclusion, the increased transaminase protein synthesis in the liver of the SF rats was considered to be related to the acceleration of hepatic gluconeogenesis under the conditions of spaced feeding. (go.jp)
  • To examine gender-dimorphic regulation of skeletal muscle proteins between healthy control and STZ-induced diabetic rats of both genders, we performed differential proteome analysis using two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry. (karger.com)
  • Proteomic analysis of skeletal muscle identified a total of 21 proteins showing gender-dimorphic differential expression patterns between healthy controls and diabetic rats. (karger.com)
  • The current proteomic study revealed that impaired protein regulation was more prominent in the muscle tissue of female diabetic rats, which were more susceptible to STZ-induced diabetes. (karger.com)
  • Male spontaneously diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rats (n=5) at 16 weeks of age were used as an animal model of T2D. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Liver metal concentrations and enzymatic cleavage of parathion were determined. (cdc.gov)
  • In rats given supplemented diets, liver Cu concentrations increased with increasing dose. (cdc.gov)
  • The POD and human PBPK model were then used genic effects were not observed in rats after long-term to estimate the human equivalent concentrations (HECs) that exposures to NMP via inhalation or the diet. (cdc.gov)
  • The authors conclude that Cu imbalance can influence the rates of metabolism of foreign chemicals and may also alter the susceptibility of animals to their toxic and pharmacologic effects. (cdc.gov)
  • Pickett and his team treated rats with various chemicals to induce genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and breakdown. (asbmb.org)
  • 2021. Bioaccumulation Screening of Neutral Hydrophobic Organic Chemicals in Air-Breathing Organisms Using In Vitro Rat Liver S9 Biotransformation Assays . (sfu.ca)
  • All of the chemicals discussed of this chemical was raised to carci- lung and the nasal cavity were iden- here are IARC Group 1 agents and nogenic to humans (Group 1) based tified as target organs in humans as such can be characterized as on strong mechanistic evidence and rats, respectively. (who.int)
  • These studies determined the effects of continuous phencyclidine (PCP) administration on cytochrome P 450 2C11 (CYP2C11) function, protein expression and mRNA levels. (aspetjournals.org)
  • 05) in CYP2C11 protein expression (61 and 46% of control values, respectively) and in CYP2C11-mediated metabolism of PCP to a reactive metabolite (36 and 41% of control values). (aspetjournals.org)
  • Both protein expression and PCP metabolite formation had returned to normal by 10 days of continuous PCP infusion. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The metabolism of NQ was mainly mediated by CYP2D6, which is well-known to show gender-specific differences in its expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Direct evidence that P450IIIA4 catalyzes the metabolism of midazolam was provided through the use of cDNA-directed expression. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Thus, this project aims to identify the global profile of protein expression in the liver of rats submitted to PPM (gestational and lactational). (fapesp.br)
  • Expression of hepatic clock gene was also altered in the SF rats. (go.jp)
  • Here, we demonstrated that hepatic FGF21 expression is induced by dietary protein restriction, but not energy restriction. (jci.org)
  • In these animals, liver Fgf21 expression was increased within 24 hours of reduced protein intake. (jci.org)
  • Serum FGF21 ( A ) and liver Fgf21 mRNA expression ( B ) were compared in rats placed on diets that independently restricted energy vs. protein for 4 days: control (NP:NE), LP:NE, NP:LE, and LP:LE. (jci.org)
  • Because the environment encountered as well as methods that allow direct measurement of gene within a living host will be quite different from the external expression during interaction with a host. (cdc.gov)
  • 05) in liver tissue in PCP-treated rats from 1 to 20 days (43, 31, 37 and 47%, respectively). (aspetjournals.org)
  • Shearer MJ, Bach A, Kohlmeier M: Chemistry, nutritional sources, tissue distribution and metabolism of vitamin K with special reference to bone health. (karger.com)
  • At the end of the study, body composition was measured in all the rats, and they were classified as carbohydrate resistant (CR) or carbohydrate sensitive (CS) according to their adiposity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Robert Atkins, the late originator of the eponymous and best known low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet , believed that cutting carbohydrates stops sugar from getting stored as fat, while increasing protein works the kidneys harder and thus burns more calories. (psychologytoday.com)
  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated as consequence of oxidative metabolism, activate signal transduction pathways, which contribute to cellular homeostasis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Our results for the first time demonstrated that in addition to CYP-mediated metabolism, P-gp also plays an important role in the disposition of TP and TP-induced hepatotoxicity. (curehunter.com)
  • Thank you for sharing this Drug Metabolism & Disposition article. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Message Body (Your Name) thought you would be interested in this article in Drug Metabolism & Disposition. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Previous research from the University of Washington, for example showed that simply increasing the amount of protein in your diet helps you lose weight even if you don't shun carbohydrates one bit. (psychologytoday.com)
  • Protein makes up 15 percent of most Americans' daily caloric intake, while fat accounts for 35 percent and carbohydrates for 50 percent. (psychologytoday.com)
  • We now report that incubation of WB cells with 20:4(n-6) resulted in the appearance of several tyrosine-phosphorylated cytosolic proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Chromatography of soluble fractions from these cells on Mono Q columns revealed early and late eluting peaks of myelin basic protein kinase activity, which contained the 42- and 44-kDa MAPK isoforms, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • Magnesium deficiency led to decreased mitochondria-per-cell count and increased size of individual mitochondrions in liver and kidney cells, which indicates that not only did low magnesium drop the overall number of mitochondria, but also increased the workload of the remaining mitochondria. (marksdailyapple.com)
  • Some recommend a water-soluble preparation of silymarin, which inhibits penetration of amatoxins into liver cells. (medscape.com)
  • 10% of that in control cells, due to a very rapid degradation of protein newly synthesized in the mitochondria. (rhea-db.org)
  • b) In cells from patient 2, the rate of degradation of newly synthesized trifunctional protein was faster than that in control cells, giving rise to a trifunctional protein amounting to 60% of the control levels. (rhea-db.org)
  • These data suggest a subtle abnormality of trifunctional protein in cells from patient 2. (rhea-db.org)
  • Three key signaling pathways were identified via proteomics studies, namely Arachidonic acid metabolism, Retinol metabolism, and HIF-1 signaling pathway respectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the present study, pharmacokinetics of CIP following IN and IV administration to rats was investigated and compared. (researchgate.net)
  • An LC50 of 675 ppm was reported for male and female rats exposed to methyl mercaptan for 4 hours (Tansy et al. (cdc.gov)
  • These authors also reported that no mortality was observed in male rats exposed to methyl mercaptan at doses up to 57 ppm for 3 months. (cdc.gov)
  • The pharmacokinetic profiles of NQ were investigated in healthy male or female rats after a single oral administration of NQ. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 0.05) longer t 1/2 was found for NQ in male rats (192.1 ± 47.7), compared with female rats (143.9 ± 27.1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results indicated that the pharmacokinetic profiles of NQ were similar between male and female rats, except for a longer t 1/2 in male rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the presence of experimental periodontitis, a high dose of ethanol (36% of total calories in the diet) was associated with higher density of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, increasing the severity of periodontal inflammation in the ligature model of male rats 15 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Another study demonstrated that in male rats, ethanol increases ligature-induced bone loss when representing a low value (22%) in total caloric value 13 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Male rats were exposed to 3D-printer emissions (592g particulate/m(3) air) or filtered air for 4h/day (d), 4days/week and total exposures lengths were 1, 4, 8, 15 or 30days. (cdc.gov)
  • Male and female rats were exposed to WBV at the resonant frequency of the torso (31.5Hz, 0.3 g amplitude) for 4hr/day for 10days. (cdc.gov)
  • Histopathological observations by H&E, M&T, picro-sirius and ultra-structural scrutiny by SEM and TEM indicated liver damage and increase in COX2 and α-SMA by NDEA which was successfully rectified by the supplementation of PGJ. (nature.com)
  • But all that was ever shown scientifically was that protein feeding suppresses the appetites of both animals and humans, said Gilles Mithieux of the University of Lyon in France, one of the authors of the study. (psychologytoday.com)
  • These findings point towards pomegranate as a potential and efficacious therapeutic agent against liver fibrosis. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, minor structural modifications profoundly influence the metabolism and biodistribution in the target organs where these analogs exert therapeutic effects by interacting with FXR and/or TGR5 receptors. (unimib.it)
  • Ritonavir should not be given to patients with decompensated liver disease, (see section 4.3). (who.int)
  • Livers were collected 24 hr postinfusion, a time when PCP was completely cleared from the animals. (aspetjournals.org)
  • To isolate these genes, the team used a method for translation of the mRNAs isolated from the livers of these animals. (asbmb.org)
  • I noticed that the profile of the translated proteins from induced animals was very different from that of noninduced animals," Pickett said. (asbmb.org)
  • In PND 90 and 540 the animals were anesthetized, weighed, euthanized and the liver was collected. (fapesp.br)
  • Animal behavior refers to the instant response of animals to changes in their living environment or variations in their internal physiological conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methods: Sixty female rats were divided into five groups of 12 animals each: Normal Control (water), Test A (low ethanol), Control A (low iso), Test B (high ethanol) and Control B (high iso). (bvsalud.org)
  • This result was in agreement with the high amount of CYP3A4 protein and mRNA revealed by Western and Northern blot analyses. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The antioxidant response element, or ARE, present in the promoters of many antioxidant protein genes is a major regulatory lynchpin in this cellular response. (asbmb.org)
  • Two of the phosphotyrosine-containing proteins, migrating in SDS-polyacrylamide gels of approximately 43 and 45 kDa, corresponded in mobility to phosphorylated species of the 42- and 44-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) isoforms. (nih.gov)
  • Further studies into the mechanisms by which MAPK was activated by 20:4(n-6) strongly suggested the involvement of protein kinase C (PKC). (nih.gov)
  • Recently, the term "psychobiotic" has been introduced to designate live bacterial strains, including lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, which are able to influence the CNS function 8 . (nature.com)
  • The antibiotic reduced total bacterial numbers in the intestines and altered the abundance of specific types of bacteria and fungi that live in the gut. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In the study, subjects bumped up their protein intake to 30 percent and reduced their fat intake to 20 percent. (psychologytoday.com)
  • FGF21 therefore represents an endocrine signal of protein restriction, which acts to coordinate metabolism and growth during periods of reduced protein intake. (jci.org)
  • The incidence of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is rising globally, contributing to markedly high morbidity and mortality. (bvsalud.org)
  • Methods: A mouse model of acute alcohol liver disease (ALD) induced by intragastric administration of 50% alcohol was used to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Ganshu Nuodan. (bvsalud.org)
  • Results: Ganshu Nuodan could ameliorate acute ALD, which is mainly manifested in the significant reduction of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in liver and the remarkably increase of glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in liver. (bvsalud.org)
  • A phospholipid inflammatory mediator, 50 µl were applied intranasally in rats of test and standard groups while control groups intranasally treated with 50 µl of distilled water as single application. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Lysine residues in the α-helical region of adipocyte and heart FABP had previously been identified as important for interactions between these proteins and the phospholipid interface. (soton.ac.uk)
  • Urine samples were obtained from the rats, and muscle strength was evaluated with the use of the forelimb grip test at 16, 20, and 24 weeks of age. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Muscle weight, muscle strength, cross-sectional areas of both type I and type IIb muscle fibers, and increasing rate of muscle strength were significantly decreased in the SDT fatty rats compared to the SD rats at 24 weeks. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Such a mechanism may explain why CS rats share many characteristics observed in rats fed a high-glycemic index diet. (frontiersin.org)
  • The physiological role of FABP's within the cell remains unclear but a targeting role for the protein would provide an attractive mechanism for ligand (fatty acid) transfer to membrane sites for further metabolism and requires an interaction between the FABP and the membrane. (soton.ac.uk)
  • Thus, chronic exposure to PCP can produce time-dependent regulation of CYP2C11-mediated metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In this context, it has been shown that the liver, a central organ in the control of metabolism and detoxification, is also affected by exposure to PPM. (fapesp.br)
  • It is thought to competitively antagonize toxin binding to liver cell membrane receptors in mushroom poisoning and other hepatotoxic exposure. (medscape.com)
  • Physically, the new exposure system was developed by adding a loading device to an existing rat-tail model. (cdc.gov)
  • An analytical model of the rat-tail exposure system was proposed and used to formulate the methods for quantifying the biodynamic responses. (cdc.gov)