Proteins isoelectric focusing. Medical search. Frequent questions

It is a type of zone electrophoresis usually performed on proteins in a gel that takes advantage of the fact that overall charge on the molecule of interest is a function of the pH of its surroundings. (wikipedia.org)
Isoelectric focusing is the first step in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, in which proteins are first separated by their pI value and then further separated by molecular weight through SDS-PAGE. (wikipedia.org)
Isoelectric focusing is the only step in preparative one-dimensional gel electrophoresis. (wikipedia.org)
Microchip based electrophoresis is a promising alternative to capillary electrophoresis since it has the potential to provide rapid protein analysis, straightforward integration with other microfluidic unit operations, whole channel detection, nitrocellulose films, smaller sample sizes and lower fabrication costs. (wikipedia.org)
The method used a fluorescent carboxyfluorescein-diacetate-labeled cisplatin analogue (CFDA-cisplatin), two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and mass spectrometry, which allows detecting and identifying intracellular CFDA-cisplatin-containing protein adducts in the acidic pH range (pH 4-7). (nih.gov)
Carbonic Anhydrase I from human erythrocytes has been used as a pI (isoelectric point) marker in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Furthermore analytical methods like SDS-PAGE, thin layer chromatography, Agarose gel electrophoresis, ELISA and turbidimetry, enzymatic analytic, Bradford protein assay , Biuret protein assay and BCA assay are used. (hs-esslingen.de)
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) is an established technique for high-resolution profiling of complex protein mixtures. (thermofisher.com)
Analyzing complex protein samples using traditional two-dimensional electrophoresis methods is tedious and time-consuming. (thermofisher.com)
Sample preparation is a fundamental step in any protein analysis workflow, but it is even more crucial in 2DE electrophoresis where no universal method exists. (thermofisher.com)
Cell proteins were analysed with 2-dimensional electrophoresis and differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. (who.int)
Our preliminary study using 2D isolates were recovered from liq- new cases throughout the world cu- gel electrophoresis in drug sensitive/ uid nitrogen, and sub-cultured in taneous leishmaniasis (CL) remains resistant strains of L. tropica showed RPMI1640 medium (Gibco/BRL) a serious public health problem in that some proteins were differentially supplemented with 10% fetal bovine numerous countries [1,2]. (who.int)
To examine gender-dimorphic regulation of skeletal muscle proteins between healthy control and STZ-induced diabetic rats of both genders, we performed differential proteome analysis using two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry. (karger.com)
The standard experiment is to separate the proteins, e.g. by 2D gel electrophoresis, digest the proteins with a highly specific enzyme, measure the masses of the peptide fragments with a mass spectrometer (typically a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer) and then compare the peptide monoisotopic masses with expected monoisotopic masses from a database (protein or DNA database). (lu.se)
Total protein is ready for immediate use in Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing gels and SDS-capillary electrophoresis, enzymatic activity analysis, gel shifting assay, protein-protein interaction, and tissue specific expression. (delos.info)
Prestained and unstained molecular weight standards for protein electrophoresis applications including SDS-PAGE, western blotting, 2-D PAGE, and isoelectric focusing (IEF). (bio-rad.com)
Use these Mini-PROTEAN TGX Precast Protein Gels with IPG/prep wells for either preparative electrophoresis or as the second dimension after isoelectric focusing (IEF). (bio-rad.com)
Long-life TGX (Tris-Glycine eXtended) Gels have a novel formulation and can be used for both standard denaturing protein separations as well as native electrophoresis. (bio-rad.com)
Electrophoresis in which a pH gradient is established in a gel medium and proteins migrate until they reach the site (or focus) at which the pH is equal to their isoelectric point. (bvsalud.org)

To improve sensitivity, the researchers used monoclonal antibodies to purify each synaptic target protein from spinal fluid, then quantified each with mass spectrometry. (alzforum.org)
Mass spectrometry combined with database searching is today the preferred method for protein identification. (lu.se)
2012 ) Development of a Chip/Chip/SRM platform using digital chip isoelectric focusing and LC-Chip mass spectrometry for enrichment and quantitation of low abundance protein biomarkers in human plasma. (academictree.org)

The increased demand for faster and easy-to-use protein separation tools has accelerated the evolution of IEF towards in-solution separations. (wikipedia.org)
2DE analysis of alkaline proteins is challenging due to the difficult separation of basic proteins during the isoelectric focusing (IEF). (nih.gov)
My colleagues and I recently developed a method to couple immunoaffinity capture and separation by isoelectric focusing in a single capillary. (nii.ac.jp)
The method allows sample pretreatment, i.e., purification and concentration, in a single capillary, in which subsequent separation by isoelectric focusing is achieved. (nii.ac.jp)
Evaluation of protein loading techniques and improved separation in OFFGEL isoelectric focusing. (mpg.de)
Mostly used for protein separation. (slideshare.net)
a) Vertical Gel Apparatus: It is used for the separation of proteins in SDS-PAGE. (slideshare.net)
The second dimension consists of a conventional SDS-PAGE electrophoretic separation where proteins are differentiated based on their molecular weights. (thermofisher.com)
Salts, ionic molecules and ionic detergents interfere with isoelectric focusing and compromise protein separation. (thermofisher.com)

Proteomics tion of blood meal by using proteins instead of DNA. (cdc.gov)
Proteomics identified 13 up-regulated catabolic proteins when S. haloaromaticamans was growing on OPP and/or BA. (nature.com)
2DE can resolve thousands of protein "spots" on a single gel and is considered a key method in proteomics research. (thermofisher.com)
This innovative system makes sensitive protein profiling accessible to both novice and experienced proteomics researchers. (thermofisher.com)
Here, we used a genomics/proteomics approach (including immunoblot experiments from pigs infected with T. suis ) to prioritize putative immunogenic excretory/secretory (E/S) proteins conserved across and specific to several gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic nematode species. (frontiersin.org)
ABSTRACT In order to define the protein expressional changes related to the process of meglumine antimoniate resistance in anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), we performed a comparative proteomics analysis on sensitive and resistant strains of Leishmania tropica isolated from Iranian CL patients. (who.int)
The study shows the usefulness of proteomics in identifying proteins that may express differences between sensitive and resistant L. tropica isolates. (who.int)
Targeted Proteomics: Highly sensitive, accurate and reproducible measurement of selected protein targets via MRM (QqQ platform) or PRM (Tribrid platform) method. (lovesorghum.com)

Capillary isoelectric focusing efficiently analyze heterogeneity of protein drugs. (nii.ac.jp)

Gels with large pores are usually used in this process to eliminate any "sieving" effects, or artifacts in the pI caused by differing migration rates for proteins of differing sizes. (wikipedia.org)
Novex IEF Gels can be used to determine the pI or to detect minor changes in a protein due to deamination, phosphorylation, or glycosylation. (thermofisher.com)
High performance NuPage Bis-Tris gels provide a neutral pH environment for the second dimension that reduce in-gel protein degradation. (thermofisher.com)
There were variations in the protein patterns at the cathode and the middle portions of the gels. (ajol.info)
Analysis of Membrane Proteins by Two-Dimensional Gels - Michael Fountoulakis, 15. (nhbs.com)
Stains to visualize and quantify protein bands on gels and blots: Coomassie stains, highly sensitive fluorescent stains, silver stains, negative stains, and total protein blot stains. (bio-rad.com)
Run up to 4 Mini-PROTEAN TGX Precast Protein Gels in 35 min using the Mini-PROTEAN Tetra Cell . (bio-rad.com)
There is a wide range of Mini-PROTEAN TGX Precast Protein Gels , including other gels with IPG/prep wells, in both single percentages and gradients. (bio-rad.com)

During conventional IEF, amphoteric molecules, like proteins, migrate until they reach a region where the pH of the matrix matches their isoelectric point and they "focus" into sharp bands. (thermofisher.com)

Chromatography is a key method used in biotechnology processing to isolate proteins from culture broths for example and purify them. (hs-esslingen.de)
During the experimental days preparative methods like extraction of lipids from brain and liver, alkoholic DNA precipitation, dialysis and chromatography of proteins and isolation of antibodies used. (hs-esslingen.de)
The drug efflux pump PDR5 (as a GFP fusion) has been isolated from S. cervisiae clones from a commercial library (InVitrogen) using chromatography and isoelectric focusing. (aiche.org)
Pre-Fractionation of Complex Protein Mixtures for 2-D PAGE Using Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography Volker Badock and Albrecht Otto 12. (nhbs.com)

The present study is focused on the implementation of a biomimetic approach to reintroduce the supporting structures of membrane proteins and provide enhanced spacing from the underlying substrate. (aiche.org)
The objective is to yield supported membranes with a bilayer to substrate spacing that can accommodate membrane proteins with large cytoplasmic domains. (aiche.org)

The presence of synaptic proteins in CSF likely reflects degeneration of synapses, Blennow told Alzforum. (alzforum.org)

1-dimensional and 2-dimensional electrophoretic techniques provide powerful tools for the analysis of complex protein mixtures. (europa.eu)

In our previous study we established an analytical method for the identification of intracellular cisplatin-binding proteins. (nih.gov)
Based on this analytical method we extended the identification of intracellular cisplatin-protein adducts to the alkaline pH range (pH 6-10) giving chance to discover new important binding partners. (nih.gov)
In the Bio-analysis Laboratory, students learn how to apply bio-analytical methods in practice to characterise proteins and nucleic acids. (hs-esslingen.de)
Due to their complexity, analytical techniques like isoelectric focusing have become indispensable tools in evaluating biologic preparations. (bioprocessintl.com)
Analytical isoelectric focusing of HDL apoproteins provided evidence for multiple isoproteins in the apoprotein(apo)-A-I range, with nine different bands being detected instead of the usual four bands observed in normal subjects. (jci.org)

Compared to HGSC, SAM identified over 50 proteins that are differentially expressed in CCC and EC. (biomedcentral.com)

The varying local pH affects the cell surface charge and the electrophoretic mobility, leading to focusing in free solution. (rsc.org)

The method adds a new option for the analysis of protein drugs in their production processes and for pharmacokinetics in drug-administered patients, with high precision and a minimum amount of samples using an automated instrument. (nii.ac.jp)
Identification of Predictive Markers for Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Rectal Carcinomas by Proteomic Isotope Coded Protein Label (ICPL) Analysis. (mpg.de)
Global Analysis of the Mitochondrial N-Proteome Identifies a Processing Peptidase Critical for Protein Stability. (mpg.de)
Computer analysis of 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional protein patterns to establish databases of pathogenic bacteria, biotechnologically important bacteria and eucaryotic cells provides methods for screening and identifying bacterial strains, recognizing new groups, and characterizing human and animal disease related protein abnormalities. (europa.eu)
Proteins/genes with a putative catabolic role and bacterium adaptation mechanisms during OPP degradation were identified via genomic and proteomic analysis. (nature.com)
She graduated in chemistry from Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich and obtained her PhD in protein analysis from the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry. (mpg.de)
SAM (Significance Analysis of Microarrays) was performed to determine differential protein expression by histological subtype and ARID1A mutation status. (biomedcentral.com)
Image analysis of the matched maps identified 7 proteins that were either over- or down-expressed: activated protein kinase c receptor (LACK), alpha tubulin (×2), prostaglandin f2-alpha synthase, protein disulfide isomerase, vesicular transport protein and a hypothetical protein. (who.int)
Proteomic analysis of skeletal muscle identified a total of 21 proteins showing gender-dimorphic differential expression patterns between healthy controls and diabetic rats. (karger.com)
2-D analysis software is focused on protein spot detection. (bio-rad.com)
Calf lens homogenates were incubated at temperatures ranging from 37 to 45 degrees-C. Isoelectric focused gel analysis of the lenses incubated for 30 minutes at 45 degrees showed a definite loss in the lowest points of the alpha crystallin components. (cdc.gov)
Two-dimensional isoelectric focusing analysis of PKR in whole cell extracts reveals the presence of multiple forms with different pI values whereas similar analysis of the nuclear fraction indicates only one predominant species with a relatively basic pI. (pasteur.fr)
PTM Discovery: In-depth identification and analysis of various post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, methylation, succinylation on proteins. (lovesorghum.com)

SureBeads Protein G Magnetic Beads enable fast, easy, consistent immunoprecipitation without centrifugation. (bio-rad.com)

With experimental and computational data, we show that under the pulses electrochemical reactions take place in the confined microscale space and create an ultrahigh and nonlinear pH gradient (∼2 orders of magnitude higher than the ones in protein isoelectric focusing) at the middle of the chamber. (rsc.org)

A cocktail of five recombinant proteins optimized for conserved GI nematode targets was used immunize pigs and test for active antibody responses in both the serum and intestinal ileal fluid of immunized pigs. (frontiersin.org)
An antibody-protein array of putative immunogenic proteins was developed from a combined bioinformatic, experimental, and literature-based prioritization of homologous parasite proteins. (frontiersin.org)
The integrity of protein is tested by immunoblotting using specific beta-actin antibody. (delos.info)

Isoelectric focusing (IEF), also known as electrofocusing, is a technique for separating different molecules by differences in their isoelectric point (pI). (wikipedia.org)
Marked differences in protein expression were observed that are driven by histotype. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteomic assessment of CCC and EC demonstrates remarkable differences in protein expression that are dependent on histotype, thereby further characterizing these cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
The electrographs of the two species suggest clear protein differences producing species specific patterns. (ajol.info)

Purification of Nucleoli From Lymphoma Cells and Solubilization of Nucleolar Proteins for 2-DE Separations - Regis Dieckmann, Yohanne Coute, Denis Hochstrasser, Jean-Jacques Diaz and Jean-Charles Sanchez 11. (nhbs.com)

3. Determination of molecular weight of proteins and DNA sequencing. (slideshare.net)
The loss of alpha crystallin from the isoelectric focusing pattern was due to aggregation to higher molecular weight particles which could not enter the gel. (cdc.gov)

The extracted protein is provided in vials at a concentration of 5mg/ml and shipped on dry ice. (delos.info)
The concentration of beta crystallin proteins was reduced by in-vivo exposures. (cdc.gov)
Inherited or acquired variations in the concentration and/or affinity of these proteins may produce substantial changes in serum total TH levels measured by commercially available assays. (medscape.com)

2DE is also a valuable tool to study post-translational modifications and identify protein isoforms. (thermofisher.com)
In all ten cultivars, only three of the original isoinhibitors, with isoelectric points of 5.1, 5.9 and 7.6, remained indicating increased heat stability over the other isoforms. (lincoln.ac.nz)

After the E.coli bacteria have been cultivated, the cells are digested with the aid of a high-pressure homogeniser and an ultrasonic homogeniser, thus releasing the recombinant protein contained therein. (hs-esslingen.de)

Objective: To investigate the effects of prion protein 106-126 peptide on inducing apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells. (researchgate.net)
Methods: After differentiated by nerve growth factor (NGF), the PC12 cells were infected by prion protein 106-126 peptide. (researchgate.net)
Conclusion: Prion protein 106-126 peptide can induce apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells and present cellular toxicity definitely. (researchgate.net)
It might be a perfect model to study the cellular toxicity of prion protein. (researchgate.net)

Our approach provides a new and simple method for focusing and concentrating mammalian cells at the microscale. (rsc.org)
Tissues are homogenized in protein lysis buffer supplemented with a cocktail of 7 mammalian protease inhibitors to minimize proteolysis, precisely quantified, and stored at -80oC. (delos.info)

Isoelectric focusing methodology using LKB 2117 Multiphor 11 electrofocusing apparatus was used for electofocusing and identification of Oreochromis niloticus and Tilapia zilli. (ajol.info)
The Trans-Blot Turbo System is a rapid protein transfer apparatus that can transfer protein to membrane in as little as 3 minutes. (bio-rad.com)

Proteins of indi- mitochondrial enzymes, in Ixodes scapularis and Ambly- vidual ticks were reduced with 100 mmol/L dithiothreitol, omma americanum ticks for months after molting. (cdc.gov)
Mitochondrial protein turnover: role of the precursor intermediate peptidase Oct1 in protein stabilization. (mpg.de)

The solubilization buffer is formulated to achieve optimal protein solubilization and prevent precipitation during the rehydration of the IPG strips-supported gel. (thermofisher.com)
Extraction and Solubilization of Proteins for Proteomic Studies - Richard M. Leimgruber 2. (nhbs.com)

The success of a PMF experiment depends on several factors: The noise level in the spectrum, the mass accuracy, the amount and purity of the sample, the number of proteins in the sample, possible post-translational modifications, algorithm accuracy, and (to a considerable extent) operator skill and experience. (lu.se)

More specifically, low TBG is suggested because this protein carries the majority of the serum TH. (medscape.com)

This refinement allowed the detection of the proteins in CSF samples from individual patients, according to the new papers. (alzforum.org)
Western blotting products include the V3 Western Workflow, protein transfer systems, blotting membranes, filter paper, premixed blotting buffers and reagents, and detection kits. (bio-rad.com)
It enables the protein detection limit to be as sensitive as 10ng and the visualization to be achieved in less than 1 hour. (cloverbiosciences.com)
It is formulated for fast and sensitive protein detection. (cloverbiosciences.com)

Carbonic Anhydrase I from human erythrocytes is a protein which is used as a standard pI (isoelectric point) marker for isoelectric focussing experiments. (sigmaaldrich.com)
It is widely applied in protein expression profiling experiments to identify changes in protein expression levels resulting from a disease state or drug treatment. (thermofisher.com)

They are also excellent for native, nondenaturing applications using soluble proteins. (thermofisher.com)
In general, marrowfat peas contained the highest levels of trypsin inhibitor activity and soluble protein whereas maple peas had low levels of soluble protein and trypsin inhibitor activity. (lincoln.ac.nz)

A system using immobilized pH gradients for isoelectric focusing (IEF) was also developed providing greater reproducibility of 2-dimensional patterns. (europa.eu)
protein patterns of subjects with leish- Cell culture maniasis [17]. (who.int)
The bioinformatics tools include those for analyzing 2D-GEL patterns, protein modeling, and protein identification. (nhbs.com)

Databases were established for identification of bacterial species and protein types within species and standard 2-dimensional methodology was applied to human, murine, bacterial and streptomycete cells. (europa.eu)

In three small, independent cohorts, levels of these synapse proteins were higher in people with Alzheimer's dementia than in controls, the scientists reported. (alzforum.org)
For synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25), first author Ann Brinkmalm compared CSF levels in three separate cohorts that together comprised 36 AD patients and 32 age-matched controls. (alzforum.org)

Quality of protein as indicated by the absence of smear (no degradation) and sharpness and resolution of the protein bands is verified by denatured SDS-PAGE using Coomassie blue staining. (delos.info)
The pathways related to cell protein folding and degradation need to be elucidated because of training was set. (ijpsonline.com)
The results showed that chaperonin containing tailless complex polypeptide the large number of proteins involved, the complex relationship between proteins and the lack of research on the effects of movement and cell protein folding and degradation. (ijpsonline.com)
Chaperonin Containing Tailless Complex Polypeptide 1 (CCT-1) is one of the important elements of protein folding pathway in cells and proteasome is an important component of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) dependent protein degradation pathway in cells. (ijpsonline.com)
They are involved in the formation of protein folding/degradation signalling pathway, maintaining the normal spatial structure and normal biological function of protein [ 3 ]. (ijpsonline.com)

Isoelectric focusing can resolve proteins that differ in pI value by as little as 0.01. (wikipedia.org)

The levels and subcellular distribution of the interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR have been measured in human Daudi cells and stably transfected mouse NIH 3T3 cells expressing the human protein kinase. (pasteur.fr)
in response to interferon treatment the protein kinase is induced severalfold in the cytoplasm whereas the level in the nucleus does not increase significantly. (pasteur.fr)

Low abundance proteins, on the other hand, produce weak spectra and often represent the interesting unknown processes. (lu.se)

By modification of the isoelectric point (pI) of molecules of an enzyme by, e.g., phosphorylation or dephosphorylation, the cell can transfer molecules of the enzyme between different parts of its interior, to switch on or switch off particular biochemical processes. (wikipedia.org)
Most interestingly, gender-specific proteome comparison showed that male and female rats displayed differential regulation of proteins involved in muscle contraction, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, as well as oxidative phosphorylation and cellular stress. (karger.com)

According to some opinions, living eukaryotic cells perform isoelectric focusing of proteins in their interior to overcome a limitation of the rate of metabolic reaction by diffusion of enzymes and their reactants, and to regulate the rate of particular biochemical processes. (wikipedia.org)
The establishment of an optimized IEF protocol for basic proteins enabled us to identify several intracellular CFDA-cisplatin-binding proteins including enzymes of the glucose and serine metabolism like alpha enolase and D-3-phosphoglycerate 1-dehydrogenase. (nih.gov)

As a particle moves toward the pole opposite of its charge it moves through the changing pH gradient until it reaches a point in which the pH of that molecules isoelectric point is reached. (wikipedia.org)
Interestingly, it has been shown that platelets contain a broad spectrum of RNA molecules, including, in addition to mRNAs and miRNAs, also pre-mRNAs and a role of mRNA splicing in regulation of platelet protein synthesis has been proposed 18 , 19 . (nature.com)

These included PI3K/AKT pathway proteins, those regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, transcription, and other signaling pathways including steroid hormone signaling. (biomedcentral.com)

Seventeen New Zealand grown, spring and winter pea cultivars were assayed for trypsin inhibitor activity, tannin and protein content. (lincoln.ac.nz)
The isoelectric points for the individual pea seed trypsin isoinhibitors of the marrow fat cultivar Primo were pI 5.9 & pI 6.3, pI 4.9 and pI 6.8, according to elution from the anion exchange column. (lincoln.ac.nz)

A flavin-dependent monoxygenase (OppA1), one of the most up-regulated proteins in the OPP-growing cells, was isolated via heterologous expression and its catabolic activity was verified in vitro . (nature.com)
the expression levels of protein associated with apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) of SKO-007 cells in various groups were detected by Western blotting method. (researchgate.net)
Sickle-cell disease (SCD) is a genetic condition in which the red blood cells contain haemoglobin S (HbS), an abnormal form of the oxygen-carrying protein. (who.int)

The method is applied particularly often in the study of proteins, which separate based on their relative content of acidic and basic residues, whose value is represented by the pI. (wikipedia.org)

Total proteins were precipitated in 95% ethanol at components, including - and -globin chains, histones, and -20°C and recovered by centrifugation. (cdc.gov)

Protein lysate is isolated from freshly harvested mammary gland. (delos.info)

The strategy therefore promises reliable automated user- independent protein identification using peptide mass fingerprints. (lu.se)
the other is the peptide chain which formed the natural structure of protein through the folding process to obtain biological activity and express life information [ 2 ]. (ijpsonline.com)

However, these proteins occur in very low levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), making them difficult to measure. (alzforum.org)
The findings support the theory that changes in some lens proteins can occur by direct absorption of IR by the lens, and that these changes are different from those seen in the early stages of ultraviolet cataract formation. (cdc.gov)

Infection persists through subsequent molts, a protein identifi cation algorithm for each pooled sample. (cdc.gov)

There are also readily reproducible methods for protein expression profiling, identifying protein-protein interactions, and protein chip technology, as well as a range of newly developed methodologies for determining the structure and function of a protein. (nhbs.com)

The evidence that platelets are capable of de novo protein synthesis in response to stimuli raised the issue of how megakaryocyte-derived mRNAs are regulated in these anucleate cell fragments. (nature.com)
Evidence that platelets are capable of de novo protein synthesis 17 also raised the issue of whether resident mRNAs are regulated in circulating platelets and, if so, why. (nature.com)

AAT deficiency is caused by changes in the SERPINA1 gene , which carries instructions for making the AAT protein. (medlineplus.gov)

The ZOOM IPGRunner System is an oil-free platform for isoelectric focusing of up to 12 samples in as little as 3 hours. (thermofisher.com)
Screening the array with sera and ileal fluid samples from immunized pigs suggested cross-reactivity among homologous proteins and a general activation of immunity. (frontiersin.org)
Preparation of Plant Protein Samples for 2-D PAGE - David W.M. Leung 8. (nhbs.com)

A protein that is in a pH region below its isoelectric point (pI) will be positively charged and so will migrate toward the cathode (negatively charged electrode). (wikipedia.org)
As a result, the proteins become focused into sharp stationary bands with each protein positioned at a point in the pH gradient corresponding to its pI. (wikipedia.org)
Small changes in the protein mass or isoelectric point (pI) translate into a detectable protein shift. (thermofisher.com)
In the first-dimension, proteins are separated according to their isoelectric point (pI)-the pH at which the protein net charge is zero-in a process known as isoelectric focusing (IEF). (thermofisher.com)

AL kappa(I) (UNK) - primary structure of an AL-amyloid protein presenting an organ-limited subcutaneous nodular amyloid syndrome of long duration. (mpg.de)

Electrophoresis19

Mass spectrometry3

Separation9

Proteomics8

Capillary isoelectric1

Gels8

Migrate until they reach1

Chromatography4

Membrane proteins2

Synaptic proteins1

Complex protein mixtures1

Analytical5

Differentially expressed1

Electrophoretic mobility1

Analysis13

Immunoprecipitation1

Orders of magnit1

Antibody3

Differences4

Separations1

Molecular weight2

Concentration3

Isoforms2

Recombinant1

Prion protein4

Mammalian2

Apparatus2

Mitochondrial2

Solubilization2

Post-translational1

Serum1

Detection4

Experiments2

Soluble2

Patterns3

Methodology1

Cohorts2

Degradation5

Resolve1

Kinase2

Abundance1

Phosphorylation2

Enzymes2

Molecules2

Pathway1

Trypsin2

Cells3

Acidic1

Total1

Mammary gland1

Peptide2

Occur2

Subsequent1

Reproducible1

Synthesis2

Gene1

Samples3

Point4

Amyloid1