GenesEukaryotic proteinsIntracellularSequencesMutationsSimilaritySignalling pathwayComplexesEncodesAmino acidsPathwaysLigandsNucleotideTranscriptionSpeciesEvolutionaryTransientSuperfamilyNovoComputationalMutationTyrosineStructuresMembraneHomologousKinaseChromatinLigandSerumOrganismsCytoplasmicInteractionsAnnotationStructurallyMolecular weightsAccumulationSignal transductionCAZyTransmembraneCarbohydrateEnzymeLipidReceptorEvolveSubunitLociSubsequentlySynthesisMammalsGeneticGenomeReceptorsFunctionalMRNATranscriptFunctionCatalyticCellsGenomesPlant
Genes10
- Mutations in these genes affect proteins involved in the signaling pathway for pigment production and explain a large amount of the color variation in mammals. (creation.com)
- Plant breeders typically focus on immune receptors or impaired susceptibility genes to develop resistant crops, but these can present challenges in terms of strength, durability or pleotropic effects. (elifesciences.org)
- Monogenic resistance caused by dominant resistance ( R ) genes, typically encoding immune receptors that belong to the class of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs), are successfully employed by plant breeders to develop varieties with strong qualitative disease resistance. (elifesciences.org)
- Furthermore, we show that integration of two separate phylogenomic pipelines yields increased accuracy, suggesting that their sources of error are independent, and finally, we leverage the resulting annotation of homologous genes to study the functional impact of gene duplication and loss in the context of rich gene expression and functional genomic datasets of the modENCODE, mouse ENCODE, and human ENCODE projects. (biorxiv.org)
- The very premise of using model organisms to inform human biology relies on the fact that many biological processes, and the underlying genomic elements that encode them, are frequently conserved across large evolutionary distances, especially for protein-coding genes. (biorxiv.org)
- In particular, we will discuss the modifications in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways caused by proteins encoded by HPV early genes. (mdpi.com)
- Some genes no longer code for a protein due to a mutation or error. (rationalwiki.org)
- The goal was to understand which sections of DNA controlled where and when genes are activated to result in this structure being reliably located in its correct position. (elifesciences.org)
- IL-1 is a name that designates two proteins, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, that are the products of distinct genes, but recognize the same cell surface receptors. (rndsystems.com)
- The mitochondrial genes associated with cytochrome c oxidase deficiency provide instructions for making proteins that are part of a large enzyme group (complex) called cytochrome c oxidase (also known as complex IV). (medlineplus.gov)
Eukaryotic proteins2
Intracellular2
- Although the majority of VWA-containing proteins are extracellular, the most ancient ones present in all eukaryotes are all intracellular proteins involved in functions such as transcription, DNA repair, ribosomal and membrane transport and the proteasome. (embl.de)
- SH2 (Src Homology 2) is a protein domain found in many intracellular signal-transducing proteins. (nersc.gov)
Sequences9
- Historically, the similarity of different amino acid sequences has been the most common method of inferring homology. (wikipedia.org)
- Sequence similarity is considered a good predictor of relatedness, since similar sequences are more likely the result of gene duplication and divergent evolution, rather than the result of convergent evolution. (wikipedia.org)
- Structure is much more evolutionarily conserved than sequence, such that proteins with highly similar structures can have entirely different sequences. (wikipedia.org)
- Consequently, protein tertiary structure can be used to detect homology between proteins even when no evidence of relatedness remains in their sequences. (wikipedia.org)
- These embeddings originate from deep learned language models (LMs) for protein sequences (SeqVec) transferring the knowledge gained from predicting the next amino acid in 33 million protein sequences. (rostlab.org)
- Our method considers a variety of features including protein sequences, gene co-expression, functional association, and phylogenetic profiles. (nature.com)
- Using the respective signal sequences cloned upstream to GFP/CFP reporter proteins and transient expression studies with onion epidermal cells, evidence is provided that rice ClpB-m and Clp-c proteins are indeed localized to their respective cell locations mitochondria and chloroplasts, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
- The amino acid sequences of one of many conserved structural pro teins likewise as among the non structural proteins have been selected for phylogenetic evaluation. (hivprotease-signal.com)
- In this study, we found 61 families of glycoside hydrolases (GH) (out of 182 CAZymes) from protein sequences deposited in the CAZy database-currently associated with more than 20,324 microbial genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
Mutations14
- Every 2 to 5 years, the tively invariant viral determinants can reduce illness and accumulation of mutations results in a major antigenic drift death. (cdc.gov)
- These mutations typically led to a truncation in the cytoplasmic domain of the G-CSF R leading to maturation arrest of neutrophil precursors in the bone marrow and neutropenia in peripheral blood (2). (rndsystems.com)
- Some mutations result in pleiotropy, although this is variable depending on genetic background, type of mutation, and location of the mutation. (creation.com)
- Mutations also result in interesting variety including white animals and white spotting phenotypes. (creation.com)
- 5 This explains why heritable loss-of-function mutations sometimes have pleiotropic effects, not only resulting in white color patterns, but also anemia and/or infertility. (creation.com)
- Alterations in lipoproteins result either from genetic mutations that yield defective apolipoproteins (primary hyperlipoproteinemia) or from some other underlying systemic disorder, such as diabetes mellitus , hypothyroidism , or nephrotic syndrome (secondary hyperlipoproteinemia). (medscape.com)
- Phenotypic analysis of these ' in locus ' mutations based on both expression of Kni protein and adult wing phenotypes, reveals novel unexpected features of L2-CRM function including evidence for a chromosome pairing-dependent process that promotes transcription. (elifesciences.org)
- A team of researchers from Harvard Medical School, using computing resources at the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), have demonstrated a mathematical toolkit that can turn cancer-mutation data into multidimensional models to show how specific mutations alter the social networks of proteins in cells. (nersc.gov)
- As a result, the sheer volume of catalogued cancer mutations is vast. (nersc.gov)
- Many appear to be along for the ride, so to speak, and are as a result called "passenger mutations. (nersc.gov)
- To separate the drivers from the passengers, researchers typically use a kind of "polling" strategy in which they identify the most common mutations, reasoning that those are the significant ones. (nersc.gov)
- As a result, he was able to generate detailed schematics of how certain mutations altered the vast, complex cellular world of protein social networks-networks that largely determine a cell's health, or lack thereof. (nersc.gov)
- AlQuraishi found that common and rare mutations are equally likely to affect the protein network. (nersc.gov)
- The mtDNA mutations that cause this condition alter the proteins that make up cytochrome c oxidase. (medlineplus.gov)
Similarity7
- Sequence homology can then be deduced even if not apparent (due to low sequence similarity). (wikipedia.org)
- Superfamilies typically contain several protein families which show sequence similarity within each family. (wikipedia.org)
- Using sequence similarity to infer homology has several limitations. (wikipedia.org)
- Over long periods of evolution, related proteins may show no detectable sequence similarity to one another. (wikipedia.org)
- In the absence of structural information, sequence similarity constrains the limits of which proteins can be assigned to a superfamily. (wikipedia.org)
- The predicted gene products with sequence similarity amongst the eiAU and SSL 2009a phage genomes include things like the putative small tail proteins tail tape mea certain, major tail proteins, major capsid proteins, head morphogenesis, phage terminase tiny subunit, and the phage terminase large subunit. (hivprotease-signal.com)
- The difference with V. pantothenticus is small, with an homology of 97.1% (although Vreeland et al indicate 97.5% similarity). (creation.com)
Signalling pathway1
- However, recent studies have suggested that BRAFi/MEKi and ERK1/2i resistance can arise through activation of a parallel signalling pathway leading to activation of ERK5, an unusual protein kinase that contains both a kinase domain and a transcriptional transactivation domain. (babraham.ac.uk)
Complexes2
- This protein encoded by this gene belongs to the WD repeat-containing family of proteins, which function in the formation of protein-protein complexes in a variety of biological pathways. (nih.gov)
- Consequently, the domain of applicability of SBDD is limited by the availability of high-resolution crystal structures of protein-ligand complexes. (schrodinger.com)
Encodes2
- The transcription of COX-1 yields a 2.7-kilobase (kb) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that encodes a 576-residue, 65-kd protein. (medscape.com)
- Conversely, the transcription of COX-2 yields a 4.5-kb mRNA that encodes a 70-kd protein with roughly 70-75% homology to the COX-1 protein. (medscape.com)
Amino acids2
- For the families within the PA clan of proteases, although there has been divergent evolution of the catalytic triad residues used to perform catalysis, all members use a similar mechanism to perform covalent, nucleophilic catalysis on proteins, peptides or amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
- These types of RNA help assemble protein building blocks (amino acids) into functioning proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
Pathways4
- Signal transduction from pathways that involve Janus tyrosine kinases/signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (Jak1, Jak2, and Tyk2/STAT3, STAT3, and STATG), src-related protein tyrosine kinases (Lyn and Syk), Ras/MAP kinase, and phosphatidylinositol have been reported to be activated upon G-CSF stimulation (1). (rndsystems.com)
- A PPI network provides crucial information on how biological pathways are structured and coordinated from individual protein functions. (nature.com)
- PPIs are essential for individual protein functions, forming various cellular pathways, and are also involved in the development of diseases. (nature.com)
- This complex gene codes for a complex protein important in a number of pathways. (creation.com)
Ligands3
- These proteins also serve as ligands to specific receptors, they facilitate transmembrane transport, and they regulate enzymatic activity. (medscape.com)
- The present study used in vitro expression systems to investigate interactions of members of the KDN series with δ-κ heterodimers through competition binding using selective ligands and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) assay. (aspetjournals.org)
- The KS model postulates that, when small receptors engage their ligands within areas of close (∼15 nm) contact in the T cell/APC interface, this facilitates phosphorylation by segregating the engaged receptor/ligand complex from receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases with large ectodomains, such as CD45. (aai.org)
Nucleotide1
- Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the human TNFRSF4 cDNA reveals strong homology with the rat Tnfrsf4 cDNA sequence. (bdbiosciences.com)
Transcription2
- These results describe a novel pathway for regulating transcription using variant histones to modulate chromatin structure (Santisteban, 2000). (sdbonline.org)
- TADs), identifying significant interactions between regulatory elements (e.g. enhancer-promoter), examining the interplay of transcription factors, architectural proteins and chromatin states in establishing these interactions, and examining how these interactions are impacted by sequence variants. (iscb.org)
Species5
- Superfamily members may be in different species, with the ancestral protein being the form of the protein that existed in the ancestral species (orthology). (wikipedia.org)
- Other representative plant species cover even less protein involved in known PPIs. (nature.com)
- Wing vein phenotypes resulting from these trans-species enhancer replacements parallel features of the respective donor fly species. (elifesciences.org)
- This damage results from a buildup of harmful molecules called reactive oxygen species, which are byproducts of energy production in mitochondria. (medlineplus.gov)
- As a result, reactive oxygen species easily damage mitochondrial DNA, causing cells to malfunction and ultimately to die. (medlineplus.gov)
Evolutionary3
- Computational methods bridge this sequence-annotation gap typically through homology-based annotation transfer by identifying sequence-similar proteins with known function or through prediction methods using evolutionary information. (rostlab.org)
- The histone H2A.F/Z (H2AZ) variant is a functionally distinct, highly conserved histone subgroup that likely represents a separate evolutionary lineage of histone H2A proteins. (sdbonline.org)
- The partner proteins have undergone their own evolutionary changes over the last 700 million years - they're designed to work with the laptop's modern components, not the outdated chip. (uncommondescent.com)
Transient1
- Despite this, clinical responses are typically transient as tumour cells develop resistance. (babraham.ac.uk)
Superfamily4
- A protein superfamily is the largest grouping (clade) of proteins for which common ancestry can be inferred (see homology). (wikipedia.org)
- Some protein dynamics and conformational changes of the protein structure may also be conserved, as is seen in the serpin superfamily. (wikipedia.org)
- Cell activation by G-CSF is mediated by a type I membrane protein belonging to the cytokine receptor superfamily. (rndsystems.com)
- In von Willebrand factor, the type A domain (vWF) is the prototype for a protein superfamily. (embl.de)
Novo2
- De novo sequencing and homology matching was used in conjunction with iTRAQ-based quantitative analysis to identify and relatively quantify proteomic alterations in cells exposed to salt stress. (biomedcentral.com)
- These results paved the way for the application of targeted functional profiling to screen members of the GH11 and GH45 families against a de novo protein reference database comprised of 1184 uncharacterized enzymes, which led to the identification of 18 putative xylanases (GH11) and three putative endoglucanases (GH45). (biomedcentral.com)
Computational1
- Direct the discovery of novel biologics with a comprehensive platform for protein and nucleic acid engineering and reduce experimental burden through computational prediction. (schrodinger.com)
Mutation1
- Mutation of CFAP57, a protein required for the asymmetric targeting of a subset of inner dynein arms in Chlamydomonas, causes primary ciliary dyskinesia. (nih.gov)
Tyrosine2
- Engagement of CD28 leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of its cytoplasmic region and recruitment of cytoplasmic signaling proteins. (aai.org)
- Binding of insulin to its receptor activates the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase, resulting in autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of several substrates, including insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 through -4. (diabetesjournals.org)
Structures5
- However, highly similar structures may be available even when the exact protein-ligand complex structure is not. (schrodinger.com)
- In combination with Prime Homology Modeling, it can even predict a target protein-ligand complex structure without any X-ray structures of the target protein, using a structure of a highly homologous protein as a starting point. (schrodinger.com)
- Associated with their diverse cell locations, domain structures of OsClpB-c, OsClpB-m and OsClpB-cyt proteins are noted to possess a high-level conservation. (biomedcentral.com)
- The next wave of exciting new structures will come from so-called integrative/hybrid methods, which typically combine cryo-EM or -ET data with data from chemical cross-linking, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and homology models to produce multi-scale structures of even larger biomolecular machines. (iscb.org)
- Changes in glycan structures and the interactions of these structures with endogenous carbohydrate- binding proteins, known as lectins, are now considered to be potential biomarkers on cancer cells for monitoring tu- mor progression. (fdocuments.net)
Membrane2
- However, the fact that OsClpC3 protein appears mitochondrial/chloroplastic with equal probability and OsClpC4 a plasma membrane protein reflects functional diversity of this class. (biomedcentral.com)
- They have been defined as monotropic integral membrane proteins located primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum (COX-1) and the perinuclear envelope (COX-2). (medscape.com)
Homologous1
- Biocytogen uses its proprietary CRISPR/Cas9-based Extreme Genome Editing (EGE™) system to obtain faster results by increasing the homologous recombination 10 to 20 fold. (renmab.com)
Kinase3
- Our results suggest that ERKi, including current clinical candidates, act as 'kinase degraders', driving the proteasome-dependent turnover of their major target, ERK2. (babraham.ac.uk)
- Recent kinase targeted drugs like Gleevac® are achieving very promising results in a number of types of cancer, so kinases have become an even more popular target for drug discovery. (ddw-online.com)
- Using the Rosa26 site, scientists created stable cell lines that included protein kinase A, CA-PKA. (renmab.com)
Chromatin1
- Molecular analysis suggested that Esc2p contributed to silencing in a manner similar to Sir1p and probably helped recruit or stabilize the other Sir proteins, while Htz1p present at HMR assembled a specialized chromatin structure necessary for silencing (Dhillon, 2000). (sdbonline.org)
Ligand4
- Many physics-based, structure-based drug design (SBDD) methods, such as free energy perturbation (FEP+) 1 , require accurate, atomic-level detail of the target protein in complex with a member of the ligand series being modeled to perform optimally. (schrodinger.com)
- It takes the available structure and predicts atomic details of the protein-ligand complex structure needed for SBDD. (schrodinger.com)
- It is capable of accurately predicting the binding pose of a ligand starting from a structure of the target protein with a very different bound ligand. (schrodinger.com)
- These results demonstrate the importance of ligand dimensions for optimal costimulation of IL-2 production by T cells and suggest that the KS mechanism contributes to CD28 signaling. (aai.org)
Serum3
- Source of all serum proteins is from USDA inspected abattoirs located in the United States. (bdbiosciences.com)
- According to assay results, 51 (55%) horse serum samples were Ehrlichia spp. (cdc.gov)
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of whole blood or serum provides rapid results and can be used to diagnose acute Q fever in the first 2 weeks after symptom onset but before antibiotic administration. (medscape.com)
Organisms3
- HSP100 is a major heat-regulated protein family in diverse organisms. (biomedcentral.com)
- Anatomical homologies - Throughout the domains of life, organisms show a distinct pattern of constraints based on homology in the development and construction of the body. (rationalwiki.org)
- DNA and RNA code - Almost all organisms use the same three-letter code for translating RNA into proteins . (rationalwiki.org)
Cytoplasmic1
- While expression of OsClpB-m was significantly less as compared to its cytoplasmic and chloroplastic counterparts in different tissues, this transcript showed highest heat-induced expression amongst the 3 ClpB proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Interactions3
- Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play essential roles in many biological processes. (nature.com)
- Identification of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is important for understanding how proteins work together in a coordinated fashion in a cell to perform cellular functions. (nature.com)
- Even for Arabidopsis , known PPI data cover interactions with only about 34.55% of proteins. (nature.com)
Annotation2
- Here, we propose predicting GO terms through annotation transfer based on proximity of proteins in the SeqVec embedding rather than in sequence space. (rostlab.org)
- Overall, this new concept is likely to change the annotation of proteins, in particular for proteins from smaller families or proteins with intrinsically disordered regions. (rostlab.org)
Structurally3
- However, on rare occasions, related proteins may evolve to be structurally dissimilar and relatedness can only be inferred by other methods. (wikipedia.org)
- Screening an initial subset then using the results obtained to predict likely hits for subsequent screening rounds in sequential screening can lessen the number of compounds to be screened, but it causes a greater logistics effort and has the risk of missing compounds that are not well represented structurally by the initial set. (schoolbag.info)
- IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta are structurally related polypeptides that show approximately 25% homology at the amino acid level. (rndsystems.com)
Molecular weights1
- The proteins are synthesized as 31 kDa precursors that are subsequently cleaved into proteins with molecular weights of approximately 17.5 kDa. (rndsystems.com)
Accumulation2
- ER stress occurs due to accumulation of unfolded proteins. (helsinki.fi)
- These differences in protein abundance have given greater understanding of the mechanism by which salt stress promotes fatty acid accumulation in the un-sequenced microalga C. nivalis as it switches to a non-growth state, whereas C. reinhardtii does not have this response. (biomedcentral.com)
Signal transduction1
- PTEN (MMAC1/TEP1) is a dual-specificity protein phosphatase involved in signal transduction and tumor suppression ( 9 , 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
CAZy1
- The term protein clan is commonly used for protease and glycosyl hydrolases superfamilies based on the MEROPS and CAZy classification systems. (wikipedia.org)
Transmembrane1
- The IL-1 receptor type I is a 80 kDa transmembrane protein with demonstrated IL-1 signaling function. (rndsystems.com)
Carbohydrate1
- There were abundance differences in proteins associated with stress, photosynthesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzyme2
- A major difference was found between the distributions of enzyme families that are typically found in all three divisions of cellular life and non-enzymatic domain families that are usually eukaryote-specific. (embl.de)
- Regardless of the etiology, a deficiency of cyclooxygenase (COX), a key regulatory enzyme in the synthetic pathway of eicosanoid production, results in beneficial and detrimental physiologic conditions relative to imbalances of the eicosanoids. (medscape.com)
Lipid2
- Xanthomas can develop in the setting of altered systemic lipid metabolism or as a result of local cell dysfunction. (medscape.com)
- PTEN (MMAC1) is a lipid/protein phosphatase that can negatively regulate the PI3K pathway by dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate, but it is unclear whether PTEN is physiologically relevant to insulin signaling in vivo. (diabetesjournals.org)
Receptor2
- This complex organization of the gene reflects the complex nature of the protein receptor it produces. (creation.com)
- The results of studies with selective agonists and antagonists in vivo are consistent with cooperativity between δ and κ receptors, and it has been proposed that the putative δ 1 and κ 2 opioid receptor subtypes are actually phenotypes ( Portoghese and Lunzer, 2003 ). (aspetjournals.org)
Evolve1
- The new approach, which Kacar presented yesterday at NASA's Astrobiology Science Conference in Chicago, provides a more integrated view of the mechanisms of evolution - for example, how a protein's position in a broader network influences its rate of change or how protein networks evolve as a whole. (uncommondescent.com)
Subunit4
- This probably results from duplication (intragenic and/or intergenic) of the proteolipid (c) subunit. (tcdb.org)
- The substantial terminase subunit which is a structural protein is together with the portal protein viewed as essentially the most universally conserved gene sequence in phages, consequently they are good possibilities to assist in phage classification. (hivprotease-signal.com)
- PI3K is composed of two subunits: the p85 regulatory subunit, containing two Src homology-2 domains, and the p110 catalytic subunit ( 2 - 4 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- IRS then binds to the regulatory subunit of PI3K through its Src homology domains, and this interaction activates the catalytic unit. (diabetesjournals.org)
Loci1
- Taxonomic classification of those E. ictaluri specific phages must rely on a synthesis of morphological and genomic details, taking into consideration that phage evolution continues to be profoundly directed by lateral gene transfer, and that a rational hierarchical technique of phage classification really should be based within the degree of DNA and protein sequence identity for several genetic loci. (hivprotease-signal.com)
Subsequently1
- Subsequently, several groups identified new members of the galectin family in protein extracts obtained from various tissues by using their ability to bind galactose residues on rabbit erythrocytes and cloning approaches based on sequence homology. (fdocuments.net)
Synthesis2
- The advantage of proteomic studies over gene expression studies is rainbow six wh download protein synthesis is more likely to represent the molecular phenotype and functional changes than just the gene expression. (thehappymindproject.com.au)
- Expert guidelines recommend treatment with combination antibiotics including protein synthesis-inhibitors to decrease toxin production and increase survival, although evidence is lacking. (cdc.gov)
Mammals1
- In mammals, the first protein with similar binding properties was purified from calf heart and lung protein extracts and was later named "galectin- 1" [2]. (fdocuments.net)
Genetic2
- Amino acid sequence is typically more conserved than DNA sequence (due to the degenerate genetic code), so it is a more sensitive detection method. (wikipedia.org)
- This condition results from a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, many of which have not been identified. (medlineplus.gov)
Genome1
- Celecoxib structure A comparative genomic evaluation involving the genome of phage eiAU and that of phage SSL 2009a unveiled that genome regions encoding many putative structural and replica tion proteins are shared by both phages. (hivprotease-signal.com)
Receptors2
- G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are typically considered to function as monomers. (aspetjournals.org)
- Optimal T cell activation typically requires engagement of both the TCR and costimulatory receptors, such as CD28. (aai.org)
Functional1
- This need is further intensified by the human ENCODE (ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements), mouse ENCODE, and modENCODE (model organism ENCODE) projects, to enable systematic use of the results and to further studies of functional conservation and divergence across the human, mouse, fly, and worm genomes. (biorxiv.org)
MRNA2
- Transfection of cells in culture with ASO targeting PTEN reduced PTEN mRNA and protein levels and increased insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in α-mouse liver-12 (AML12) cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Systemic administration of PTEN ASO once a week in mice suppressed PTEN mRNA and protein expression in liver and fat by up to 90 and 75%, respectively, and normalized blood glucose concentrations in db / db and ob / ob mice. (diabetesjournals.org)
Transcript2
- Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. (nih.gov)
- Previous studies have shown that ClpB-cyt/HSP100 gene belongs to the group class I Clp ATPase proteins and ClpB-cyt/HSP100 transcript is regulated by heat stress and developmental cues. (biomedcentral.com)
Function4
- Knowing protein function is crucial to advance molecular and medical biology, yet experimental function annotations through the Gene Ontology (GO) exist for fewer than 0.5% of all known proteins. (rostlab.org)
- WD-repeat proteins: structure characteristics, biological function, and their involvement in human diseases. (nih.gov)
- That's because EF-Tu is a hub protein, interacting with 50 or more other proteins as it carries out its function in the cell. (uncommondescent.com)
- As a result, cytochrome c oxidase cannot function. (medlineplus.gov)
Catalytic2
- The most conserved sequence regions of a protein often correspond to functionally important regions like catalytic sites and binding sites, since these regions are less tolerant to sequence changes. (wikipedia.org)
- Catalytic residues also tend to occur in the same order in the protein sequence. (wikipedia.org)
Cells5
- 3) T cell deficiencies result usually in combined immunodeficiencies (CIDs), where both T cells and antibody production are defective. (lu.se)
- From the complementation assays, OsClpD1 appears to be more effective than OsClpB-cyt protein in rescuing the thermosensitive defect of the yeast ScΔhsp104 mutant cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- We typically use 1 × 10^6 cells in a 100-µl experimental sample (a test). (bdbiosciences.com)
- Current treatments to manage the problems that result from prolonged bone marrow suppression include the reinfusion of a patient's own previously harvested hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. (justia.com)
- Both proteins are produced by a wide variety of cells in response to stimuli such as those produced by inflammatory agents, infections, or microbial endotoxins. (rndsystems.com)
Genomes1
- Interestingly, other struc tural proteins which includes the host specificity proteins, the tail assembly proteins, and specifically the tail fiber baseplate protein which has become suggested for exclusion in any sequence based mostly phage taxonomy scheme are certainly not shared in between the 2 genomes. (hivprotease-signal.com)
Plant2
- OsClpC1 and OsClpC2 are predicted to be chloroplast-localized as is the case with all known plant ClpC proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
- Previously undetected bacterial homologues were identified for# plant pathogenesis-related proteins, Pad1, von Willebrand factor type A, src homology 3 and YWTD repeat-containing domains. (embl.de)