• Further, we developed a pipeline to characterise novel genome-wide endogenous short interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs). (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • SncRNAs are less than 200 nt in length, consisting of microRNAs (miRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), endogenous small interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs or esiRNAs) and transcription initiation RNAs (tiRNAs) [ 6 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Gene therapy displacement of endogenous MCUb with a dominant-negative MCUb transgene (MCUb W246R/V251E ) in vivo rescued T2D cardiomyocytes from metabolic inflexibility and stimulated cardiac contractile function and adrenergic responsiveness by enhancing phospholamban phosphorylation via protein kinase A. We conclude that MCUb represents one newly discovered molecular effector at the interface of metabolism and cardiac function, and its repression improves the outcome of the chronically stressed diabetic heart. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Programmable DNA binding proteins have emerged as an exciting platform for engineering synthetic transcription factors for modulating endogenous gene expression 5 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
  • Although the current generation of dCas9-based transcription activators is able to achieve up-regulation of some endogenous loci, the magnitude of transcriptional up-regulation achieved by individual single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) 12 typically ranges from low to ineffective 8 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
  • In the case of RNA molecules that bind target RNA segments, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), the altered base pairing can change binding specificities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DEFB1 expression after transfection with two micro RNAs (miRNAs), hsa-miR-186-5p and hsa-miR-340-5p, provided evidence that DEFB1 expression could be modulated by these miRNAs and hsa-miR-186-5p had a higher binding efficiency with DEFB1. (cdc.gov)
  • Experimentally confirmed target genes were identified for the 73 diagnostic miRNAs, from which proliferation genes were selected from CRISPR-Cas9/RNA interference (RNAi) screening assays. (cdc.gov)
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), due to their multifunction in various biological processes, have been indicated to play a crucial role in CSC renewal and stemness maintenance. (nature.com)
  • While long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are found abnormally expressed in cancer, how dysregulated lncRNAs contribute to carcinogenesis remains largely unknown. (cdc.gov)
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in regulating biological processes, especially host-pathogen interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A RNA sequencing method (RNA-seq) was used to confirm the differential expression profiles of lncRNAs in Plasmodium yeolii 17XL ( P.y 17XL)-infected BALB/c mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Subsequently, the effect of specific lncRNAs on the modulation of immune-related signaling pathways in malaria was determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • GO and KEGG pathway analyses demonstrated that these four differentially expressed lncRNAs were associated with co-localized/co-expressed protein-coding genes that were totally enriched in malaria and with the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At present, it is known that lncRNAs participate in transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, about 250 noncoding RNA sequences-including well-characterized long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), such as the XIST transcripts that have a key role in X-chromosome inactivation-are decorated by m 6 A. In almost all cases, the epigenetic mark was found on adenosines embedded in the predicted A/G-methylated A-C sequence. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • However, whether lncRNAs are involved in the TGF-β/SMAD signaling and SMADs transcriptional regulation during HCC tumorigenesis and metastasis is still poorly understood. (researchsquare.com)
  • LncRNAs constitute a large portion of the mammalian transcriptome and have key roles in gene regulation. (researchsquare.com)
  • Heterogeneous population of RNA granules serve as motile units to translocate, store, translate, and degrade mRNAs in the dendrites contain cis -elements and trans -acting factors such as RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs to convey stimulus-, transcript-specific local translation. (frontiersin.org)
  • RNA editing refers to post-transcriptional processes that alter the nucleotide sequence of an RNA transcript by insertion, deletion or nucleotide conversion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We find that the small RNA transcriptome is altered, even if a gene unrelated to RNAi pathway is targeted. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Eukaryotic RNA transcripts can undergo a range of post-transcriptional modifications, which increase the diversity of the transcriptome without requiring increases in genome size. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Analyzing the human transcriptome in this way, we identified more than 12,000 methylated sites in mRNA molecules derived from approximately 7,000 protein-coding genes. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Notably, circRNAs display cell-type, tissue-type and developmental-stage specific expression patterns in eukaryotic transcriptome, which reveals their significant regulatory functions in gene expression. (ijbs.com)
  • However, it has been proven that more than 62% of genomic DNA serves as a template for transcription, which indicates that there are abundant non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in human transcriptome [ 2 , 3 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Nuclear mRNA transcripts acquire a protein coat composed of cap- and RNA-binding proteins that allow nuclear export and dictate the functional program of cytoplasmic mRNAs ( Moore, 2005 ). (rupress.org)
  • In addition to classical gene regulatory networks noted above, we have recently identified a central role for additional biologic mechanisms, namely gene regulation by chromatin regulators and by noncoding RNAs. (stanford.edu)
  • Using a recombinant endonuclease-deficient Cas9-based gene promoter pulldown approach coupled with mass spectrometry, we found that MCUb is upregulated in the T2D heart due to loss of glucose homeostasis regulator nuclear receptor corepressor 2 repression, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays identified peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α as a mediator of MCUb gene expression in T2D cardiomyocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The regulatory mechanism of lncSNHG5 was investigated by RNA sequencing, fluorescent in situ hybridization, cellular fractionation assay, mass spectrometry, RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, gene-specific m6A assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, dual luciferase reporter assay and actinomycin D treatment in CAFs and NFs. (thno.org)
  • This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-34a and 11 of its bioinformatically selected target genes and proteins to test their potential dysregulation in RCC. (hindawi.com)
  • The transcriptomic and epigenomic regulatory landscape of the MAC genome, which has 80% protein-coding genes and short intergenic regions, is poorly understood. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Studies of human genome demonstrate that protein-coding genes only occupy less than 2% of the entire genome [ 1 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • the protein levels of related genes (e.g. (thno.org)
  • Pansensitive and panresistant genes to 21 NCCN-recommended drugs with concordant mRNA and protein expression were identified. (cdc.gov)
  • We use these engineered Cas9 activation complexes to investigate sgRNA targeting rules for effective transcriptional activation, demonstrate multiplexed activation of 10 genes simultaneously, and upregulate long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA) transcripts. (cdc.gov)
  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells during post-transcriptional processes. (ijbs.com)
  • The interaction of ABHD11-AS1 with SART3 promotes USP15 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 15) nuclear localization. (cdc.gov)
  • Nuclear localized USP15 interacts with pre-mRNA processing factor 19 (PRPF19) to increase CD44 RNA alternative splicing activating β-catenin and enhancing cancer stemness. (cdc.gov)
  • Here we report a class of mRNA granules in human neuronal processes that are enriched in the nuclear cap-binding protein complex (CBC) and exon junction complex (EJC) core components, Y14 and eIF4AIII. (frontiersin.org)
  • The existence of mRNAs retaining both nuclear cap binding protein and EJC in the distal sites of neuronal processes suggests that some localized mRNAs have not yet undergone the "very first translation," which contribute to the spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Nuclear transport of protein TTC4 depends on the cell cycle. (nih.gov)
  • Two distinct nuclear localization signals in mammalian MSL1 regulate its function. (nih.gov)
  • Studies identi fi ed a novel signal of nuclear localization (NLS) in all MSL1 protein isoforms and found that the combination of both NLS allows for its intra-nuclear focal accumulation and nuclear transport of TTC4 while all MSL1 isoforms affect H4K16Ac. (nih.gov)
  • Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
  • Long noncoding RNA ABHD11-AS1 interacts with SART3 and regulates CD44 RNA alternative splicing to promote lung carcinogenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • Together, these findings indicate that lncRNA ABHD11-AS1 interacts with SART3 and regulates CD44 RNA alternative splicing to promote cell malignant transformation and lung carcinogenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, our objective is to understand how RBM24 regulates protein homeostasis during muscle cell differentiation and regeneration. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • We will focus our research on the identification of its interacting partners and mRNA targets to understand how it regulates mRNA stability, polyadenylation and translation. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • We demonstrated that XDSCR6, a Xenopus homolog of human Down syndrome critical region protein 6, regulates mesoderm and embryonic axis formation through derepression of polycomb group (PcG) proteins, including Ezh2. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • We review the relationship between different classes of these granules and discuss how spatial organization regulates messenger RNA translation/decay. (rupress.org)
  • We developed a generic automated eukaryotic short interfering RNA (siRNA) analysis tool, called RAPID. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Among the 140 modified RNA nucleotide variants identified, methylation of adenosine at the N6 position (m6A) is the most prevalent epigenetic mark in eukaryotic mRNA. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • We focus our research on the post-transcriptional regulation of embryonic myogenesis and adult muscle differentiation by RNA-binding proteins.We use zebrafish as a model, which is most suitable for in vivo and in vitro analyses using cell and molecular biology, genetics, and living imaging approaches. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • The research interests include important aspects of post-transcriptional regulations of gene expression during early development. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • The post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression orchestrated by RNA-binding proteins is involved in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • In particular, we focus our research on the role of RNA-binding proteins in the post-transcriptional regulation of muscle differentiation and regeneration. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • Transcriptional derepression and post-translational regulation of gene expression play important roles in tumorigenesis, but their implication in early development remains elusive. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • Furthermore, we found that RBM24 displays dynamic subcellular localization and post-transcriptional functions during muscle differentiation and regeneration. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • A-to-I RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification that converts adenosines to inosines in both coding and noncoding RNA transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Secondary, mRNA-seq analysis identified Gadd45 as a potential transcriptional target of dGLYAT, as depletion of dGLYAT decreased Gadd45 mRNA level. (sdbonline.org)
  • and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, it displays dynamic subcellular localization during cellular differentiation. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • The function of histone modifying epigenetic regulators and noncoding RNA as central mediators of epithelial stem cell renewal and differentiation represent major emerging areas of study in the lab. (stanford.edu)
  • Previous Cold Spring Harbor Symposia have addressed many different aspects of RNA biology such as Mechanisms of Transcription (1998), The Ribosome (2001), Epigenetics (2004) and Regulatory RNAs (2006). (cshlpress.com)
  • Consistent with this finding, core components of EJC (eIF4AIII, Barentsz, Tsunagi, and Mago nashi) are critical for oskar mRNA localization ( Hachet and Ephrussi, 2001 , 2004 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • During my PhD studies at the Indian Institute of Science (2001-2007), I made a groundbreaking discovery by identifying neutralizing antibodies against Abrin, a highly potent RNA-degrading protein. (westminster.ac.uk)
  • In contrary to many organisms, we found that the endo-siRNAs are not acting in cis, to silence their parent mRNA. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Further, using RAPID, we investigated the aberrations of endo-siRNAs, and their respective transcriptomic alterations caused by an RNAi pathway triggered by feeding small RNAs against a target gene. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • The RNA-binding protein RBM24 displays highly conserved expression pattern in vertebrate embryos. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • lncSNHG5 enhanced ZNF281 mRNA stability by binding with the m6A reader IGF2BP2. (thno.org)
  • Identified in bacterial rRNAs and tRNAs as early as the 1950s, this type of methylation was subsequently found in other RNA molecules, including mRNA, in animal and plant cells as well. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • 200 nucleotides with no or little protein-coding capacity 15 . (nature.com)
  • RNA's multitasking prowess, at the heart of the RNA World hypothesis implicating RNA as the first molecule of life, likely spurred the evolution of numerous modified nucleotides. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • We also predicted phasing of siRNAs, which are regulated by the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • To date, various genome-scale loss-of-function screening methods have been developed, including approaches employing RNA interference 1 , 2 and the RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 from the microbial CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) adaptive immune system 3 , 4 . (cdc.gov)
  • Other mRNAs are programmed for delayed translation, allowing transcripts to be transported or stored until developmental or environmental cues call for their translation. (rupress.org)
  • The 84th Cold Spring Harbor Symposium focused on RNA Control & Regulation and provided a current synthesis of the enormous progress in our understanding of RNA's influence on cells and organisms and how, when aberrant, its effects may contribute to the progression of disease. (cshlpress.com)
  • RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) control RNA metabolism at multiple levels, and are critical for maintaining the homeostasis of protein synthesis during early development and in adult life. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • In the last two decades, our understanding of human gene regulation has improved tremendously. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • LncRNA has key roles in gene regulation, and dysregulation of lncRNA is critical to cancer metastasis. (researchsquare.com)
  • This class of noncoding RNAs is small, single stranded, and 19-25 nucleotide long that act as negative regulators involved in posttranscriptional silencing of the gene expression [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • ADAR3 contains an arginine-rich domain, shown in pink, which binds single-stranded RNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our goal is to convey a picture of pattern formation that draws attention to the principles rather than solely to specific molecular mechanisms. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • Different classes of RNA granules share some protein components and may use similar mechanisms to regulate mRNA translation/decay. (rupress.org)
  • We have made the unprecedented finding that RBM24 plays a key role in cytoplasmic polyadenylation to control mRNA translation. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • Based on our identified miRNA-regulated molecular machinery, an inhibitor of PDK1/Akt BX-912, an anthracycline antibiotic daunorubicin, and a multi-targeted protein kinase inhibitor midostaurin were discovered as potential repositioning drugs for treating lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • Wang M, Yu F, Wu W, Zhang Y, Chang W, Ponnusamy M, Wang K, Li P. Circular RNAs: A novel type of non-coding RNA and their potential implications in antiviral immunity. (ijbs.com)
  • The antiviral dsRNA-binding proteins, NF90/NF110, act as key regulators in circRNA biogenesis. (ijbs.com)
  • As a result, ADAR-mediated editing can post-transcriptionally alter codons, introduce or remove splice sites, or affect the base pairing of the RNA molecule with itself or with other RNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Upon evaluating different feature sets, we found that genic features are as predictive, of gene expression, as the epigenetic features. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Achieving systematic, genome-scale perturbations within intact biological systems is important for elucidating gene function and epigenetic regulation. (cdc.gov)
  • In both cases, a subset of translationally silenced mRNAs is packaged into RNP granules that lack a limiting membrane and are visible using light microscopy. (rupress.org)
  • Germ cells contain other granules that may harbor translationally silenced mRNAs important for the development of other early embryonic tissues ( Navarro and Blackwell, 2005 ). (rupress.org)
  • dGLYAT was found to regulate Gadd45 -mediated JNK pathway activation and cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)
  • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project. (nih.gov)
  • Cell invasion is a crucial step of tumor metastasis , finding new regulators of which offers potential drug targets for cancer therapy. (sdbonline.org)
  • Thus, GCGs contain proteins involved in translation initiation, translation control, and mRNA decay, which is consistent with their proposed role in the regulation ofs maternal mRNA expression. (rupress.org)
  • It is catalyzed by ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) enzymes, which exist throughout the body but are most prevalent in the central nervous system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In mammals, the most prevalent form of RNA editing involves the conversion of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) by hydrolytic deamination at the C6 position of adenine (Figure 1 a) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A-to-I editing, which is catalyzed by enzymes of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family, is most prevalent in the central nervous system (CNS) but occurs in many tissues [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The goal of this study is to investigate the mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced lung carcinogenesis focusing on the role of the lncRNA ABHD11 antisense RNA 1 (tail to tail) (ABHD11-AS1). (cdc.gov)
  • It was found that the lncRNA ABHD11-AS1 expression levels are up-regulated in chronic Cr(VI) exposure-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells, chronically Cr(VI)-exposed mouse lung tissues, and human lung cancer cells as well. (cdc.gov)
  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel member of the lncRNA kingdom, are generated by non-sequential backsplicing of exons, introns or a combination of both [ 7 - 9 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • This study aims to explore the function and mechanism of LINC01980 in HCC metastasis and provides a new mechanism for transcription regulation of lncRNA. (researchsquare.com)
  • The primary barriers for invading respiratory pathogens are the respiratory tract epithelial cells and antimicrobial proteins generated by these cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Additionally, the A-to-I conversion alters base pairing, because inosine pairs preferentially with cytidine, and this potentially affects the secondary structure of the RNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This enabled the diversified complementarity and secondary structures that allow RNA species to specifically interact with other components of the cellular machinery such as DNA and proteins. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Although the identification of m6A in RNA is 40 years old, until recently researchers lacked efficient molecular mapping and quantification methods to fully understand the functional implications of the modification. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • NF90/NF110 are also functional in inhibiting viral replication through binding to viral mRNAs. (ijbs.com)
  • Through this interaction, mRNAs and their associative proteins form messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) that are actively transported along the cytoskeleton to intracellular destinations. (frontiersin.org)
  • The molecular link between splicing and mRNA localization/local translation has also been demonstrated in mammalian neurons. (frontiersin.org)
  • The different building blocks can affect the complementarity of the RNA molecules, alter their structure, and enable the binding of specific proteins that mediate various biochemical and cellular outcomes. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Although RNA editing has long been considered a relatively rare processing event, more recent research suggests that the vast majority of pre-mRNAs are edited [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, circRNAs were initially regarded as viral genomes or byproducts of pre-mRNA alternative splicing, and thus they did not gain much attention for a long time [ 15 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • (b) There are four main proteins of the ADAR enzyme family: two isoforms of ADAR1 (p110 and p150), ADAR2 and ADAR3. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mechanistically, it was found that ABHD11-AS1 directly binds SART3 (spliceosome associated factor 3, U4/U6 recycling protein). (cdc.gov)
  • How each neuron finds its synaptic partners has been a central question in developmental neurobiology. (stanford.edu)
  • One of the best-characterized examples is oskar mRNA which localizes to the posterior region of Drosophila oocytes ( Besse and Ephrussi, 2008 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Tissue specificity of alternative splicing products of mouse mRNA encoding new protein hampin homologous to the Drosophila MSL-1 protein]. (nih.gov)
  • After acute injury in muscle of both mouse and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (used as alternative in vivo model) this study found that RACK1 accumulated in regenerating fibers while it declined with the progression of repair process. (sdbonline.org)
  • These models are being used to systematically elucidate proteins required for cutaneous carcinogenesis and to test their potential role as therapeutic targets. (stanford.edu)
  • Cas9 nuclease can be converted into an RNA-guided DNA binding protein (dCas9) via inactivation of its two catalytic domains 12 , 13 and then fused to transcription activation domains. (cdc.gov)
  • A recent study found that the delivery of circRNAs generated in vitro activates RIG-I-mediated innate immune responses and provides protection against viral infection. (ijbs.com)
  • In pursuit of this goal, I am consistently seeking innovative approaches to engage students in knowledge creation, with a specific focus on scientific research. (westminster.ac.uk)
  • It was further determined that up-regulation of ABHD11-AS1 expression plays an important role in chronic Cr(VI) exposure-induced cell malignant transformation and tumorigenesis, and the stemness of human lung cancer cells. (cdc.gov)
  • RNA transport and regulated local translation play critically important roles in spatially restricting gene expression in neurons. (frontiersin.org)
  • We found RCC tissues displayed significantly higher miR-34a expression level than their corresponding noncancerous tissues, particularly in chromophobic subtype. (hindawi.com)
  • The advanced pathological grade was associated with strong TGFB1, VEGFA, and Ki67 protein expression and absent Tp53 staining. (hindawi.com)
  • Cytoplasmic RNA granules in germ cells (polar and germinal granules), somatic cells (stress granules and processing bodies), and neurons (neuronal granules) have emerged as important players in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. (rupress.org)
  • Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages: We are presently engaged in a pilot study investigating the potential of the ZFP36L1 protein as a therapeutic target in osteosarcoma cells. (westminster.ac.uk)