Proteins excitatory amino acid transporter 1. Medical search. Frequent questions

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of changes in heat shock protein (HSP)90β expression and verify whether HSP90β regulates EAAT2 expression in a cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury model. (spandidos-publications.com)
EAAT2 accounts for 80-90% of this activity of extracellular excitatory amino acid uptake ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In summary, our findings indicate that GLT-1/excitatory amino acid transporter type 2 (EAAT2) expression may be a viable therapeutic target in DS and underscore that modulation of background neurobiology elements can be considered in complement to treating the primary deficit in the genetic epilepsies," the authors wrote. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
Moreover, GLT-1 protein expression was reduced in SCN1A haploinsufficient mice, supporting the hypothesis that depressed GLT-1/EAAT2 may contribute to DS. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
The study opens new possibilities for improving seizure control in patients with DS by upregulating GLT-1/EAAT2. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
Structural insights into inhibitory mechanism of human excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT2. (go.jp)
Jensen and Bauner-Osborne (2004) Pharmacological characterization of human excitatory amino acid transporters EAAT1, EAAT2 and EAAT3 in a fluorescense-based membrane potential assay. (tocris.com)
In AST, AEG-1 causes glutamatergic excitotoxicity by downregulating the activity of the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) promoter, leading to neuronal cell death in glioma-induced neurodegenerative disease ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The SLC1A2 gene encodes excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2), which is a protein that is critical for maintaining glutamate levels in the synaptic cleft in the adult brain. (essentialtremor.org)
EAAT1 is expressed during development and also in adulthood, whereas EAAT2 is the main glutamate transporter in adult brain, responsible for over 90% of total glutamate uptake. (essentialtremor.org)
Since EAAT1 and EAAT2 are the two major glutamate transporters in the cerebellar cortex, we systematically investigated the expression level and immunohistochemical cellular localization of these two proteins in the postmortem cerebellum of ET cases vs. controls. (essentialtremor.org)
This study showed that excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) levels (which is a protein that is critical for maintaining glutamate levels in the synaptic cleft in the adult brain) were significantly decreased in the essential tremor cerebellar cortex, in contrast to similar levels of EAAT1 levels between ET cases and controls. (essentialtremor.org)

In general, EAATs 1 and 2 are found predominantly in astrocytes, EAAT3 in neurons, EAAT4 in Purkinje cells, and EAAT5 expression is restricted to the retina (Danbolt, 2001). (wikipedia.org)
Extracellular excitatory amino acids are mainly transported into cells by excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) expressed on astrocytes to avoid excessive excitation of neurons. (spandidos-publications.com)
Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) of the solute carrier family 1A (SLC1A) take up the neurotransmitter L-glutamate from the synaptic environment, which is necessary to keep the extracellular concentration low and prevent neurotoxicity 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
Glutamate transporters , also known as excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs), are sodium- and potassium-dependent members of the solute carrier family 6 (SLC1), widely distributed throughout the brain. (tocris.com)
Subsequent to our kinetic identification of the transport process, significant advances have been achieved in the genetic and protein identification and characterization of the X AG - transporter class as EAATs (excitatory amino acid transporters). (biomedcentral.com)
regulated by a family of glutamate transporters, the excitatory amino-acid transporters (EAATs), which in the central nervous system comprise five subtypes (EAAT1 - 5). (essentialtremor.org)

In the brain, excitatory amino acid transporters are crucial in terminating the postsynaptic action of the neurotransmitter glutamate, and in maintaining extracellular glutamate concentrations below neurotoxic levels. (wikipedia.org)
High-mobility group package-1 (HMGB1) is usually a nuclear proteins that functions as a cytokine when released in to the extracellular milieu by necrotic and inflammatory cells, and it is involved with inflammatory reactions and tissue restoration (4). (exposed-skin-care.net)
Functions of glutamate transporters include regulation of excitatory neurotransmission , maintenance of low ambient extracellular glutamate concentrations (protects against neurotoxicity) and providing glutamate for metabolism through the glutamate-glutamine cycle. (tocris.com)
The prostate intracellular/extracellular conditions present a 40:1 concentration gradient. (biomedcentral.com)

Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 is a member of the high-affinity glutamate transporters which plays an essential role in transporting glutamate across plasma membranes in neurons. (wikipedia.org)
The neuronal and epithelial human high affinity glutamate transporter. (wikipedia.org)
SLC1A1 encodes a member of the high-affinity glutamate transporters that play an essential role in transporting glutamate across plasma membranes. (abbkine.com)
Within this QTL, we selected glial high-affinity glutamate transporter 1 (Glt1) as the leading candidate. (nih.gov)
This study shows that EAAC1 functions as the high-affinity L-aspartate transporter that is responsible for the uptake and accumulation of aspartate in prostate cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The identification of EAAC1 as the high-affinity L-aspartate transporter now permits studies to elucidate the mechanism of hormonal regulation of EAAC1 gene expression, and to investigate the mechanism by which the cellular environment effects the functioning of EAAC1 as an aspartate transporter or as a glutamate transporter. (biomedcentral.com)
The kinetic properties are representative of the Na+- dependent high-affinity glutamate-aspartate transporters referred to as the X AG - class of amino acid transporters. (biomedcentral.com)
An important unresolved issue was the identification of the putative prostate high-affinity L-aspartate transporter. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently, polymorphisms (the occurrence of two or more genetically determined characteristics or traits in a certain population) in the solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2 (SLC1A2) gene have emerged as a potential genetic risk factor for ET in a genome-wide association study in Europe. (essentialtremor.org)
Glutamate is incorporated into these cell types through a high affinity glutamate transporter located in the plasma membrane. (org.es)

Glucose is the major substrate for ATP synthesis through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), whereas intermediary metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle utilizes non-glucose-derived monocarboxylates, amino acids, and alpha ketoacids to support mitochondrial ATP and GTP synthesis. (molvis.org)
Our goals were twofold: 1) to characterize the gene expression, protein expression, and activity of key synthesizing and regulating enzymes of energy metabolism in the whole mouse retina, retinal compartments, and/or cells and 2) to provide an integrative analysis of the results related to function. (molvis.org)

BDNF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1), mTOR, eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). (biographysoftware.com)

The neuronal excitatory amino acid transporter EAAC1/EAAT3: does it represent a major actor at the brain excitatory synapse? (wikipedia.org)
In other cells (predominantly excitable tissue cells), EAAC1 has been reported to function as a glutamate transporter rather than as an aspartate transporter. (biomedcentral.com)

Solute carrier family 1 member 3. (lbl.gov)
Solute carrier family 1 member 2. (lbl.gov)

It is well-established that the secondary active transporters Glt Tk and Glt Ph catalyze coupled uptake of aspartate and three sodium ions, but insight in the kinetic mechanism of transport is fragmentary. (nature.com)
Rosmarinic Acid and Sodium Citrate Have a Synergistic Bacteriostatic Effect against Vibrio Species by Inhibiting Iron Uptake. (go.jp)
Further, O-benzyl-L-serine and trans-4-hydroxy-proline, known substrate inhibitors of the alanine serine cysteine transporters (ASCT) reduced D-serine uptake. (mendeley.com)
2009). CEAT1 couples glutamate uptake to the symport of 3 Na+ and 1 H+ followed by the antiport of 1 K+. (lbl.gov)
Therefore the uptake and accumulation of cellular aspartate occurs against a 40:1 concentration gradient. (biomedcentral.com)
The system A inhibitor MeAIB (amethylamino-iso-butyric acid) reduces neuronal uptake of glutamine with concomitant reduction in intracellular glutamate concentrations, indicating that SAT2-mediated glutamine uptake can be a prerequisite for the formation of glutamate. (dadospdf.com)

Interleukin 8 (IL-8) secretion, the mRNA abundance of cytokines, ROS, nutrient transporters, and tight junction proteins was measured. (umanitoba.ca)
TNC inhibition after stroke modulated the expression of excitatory amino acid transporters and tight junction proteins. (bmj.com)
Transcriptional inactivation of TNC regulated the post-stroke alterations in excitatory amino acid transporters, tight junction proteins, and inflammatory mediators and thus attenuated the post-stroke brain damage. (bmj.com)

Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC1A1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The dependence of EAAT3 internalization on the DAT also suggests that the two transporters might be internalized together. (wikipedia.org)

Question: Despite its involvement in plasticity and memory related to excitatory synapses, its cellular source and sink remain a question. (mendeley.com)
Researchers propose to test this hypothesis by examining the number of excitatory synapses (structures that permit a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell) and the levels of excitotoxicity markers in the ET cerebellum. (essentialtremor.org)
Glutamatergic synapses are the major excitatory synapses in the brain, and brain glutamate levels are exquisitely controlled. (essentialtremor.org)
Many structures and processes are involved in the development of a seizure, including neurons, ion channels, receptors, glia, and inhibitory and excitatory synapses. (medscape.com)

Glutamate (Fig. 1) is believed to be the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the retina. (org.es)

Characterization of TC-1 or TC-1/A9 Cell Lines with IFNGR1 or PD-L1 Deactivation To be able to assess whether tumors induced by IFN- nonresponsive tumor cells could be delicate to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and concurrently enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy of tumors induced by such cells, we prepared TC-1 and TC-1/A9 clones having a deactivated IFN- receptor. (cancerhugs.com)
Open in a separate window Number 1 Characterization of the derived cell lines. (cancerhugs.com)

This Human Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (SLC1A1) ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate SLC1A1 in samples. (abbkine.com)
Human Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (SLC1A1) ELISA Kit has high sensitivity and excellent specificity for detection of Human SLC1A1. (abbkine.com)
Abbkine ELISA kit is series of sandwich ELISA to quantitate specific protein in samples. (abbkine.com)

The presence of auto-antibodies that target synaptic machinery proteins was documented recently in immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias. (springer.com)
1. General overview of synaptic transmission. (org.es)
Glutamate transporters maintain the concentration of glutamate within the synaptic cleft at low levels, preventing glutamate-induced cell death (Kanai et al. (org.es)

[1] ALS is a progressive disorder that involves degeneration of the upper motor neurons (UMN) in the frontal lobe of the brain and the lower motor neurons (LMN) in the brain stem and the spinal cord. (freedissertation.com)
The aim of the present study was to clarify the function and related mechanism of AEG‑1 in neurons. (spandidos-publications.com)
Collectively, the present study provides insights into AEG‑1‑dependent gene regulation and signaling pathway transduction in neurons. (spandidos-publications.com)
AEG-1 has differential regulatory effects on astrocytes (AST) and neurons. (spandidos-publications.com)
By contrast, in neurons, downregulation of AEG-1 expression has been shown to reduce the viability of motor neurons in models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), both in vivo and in vitro ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition, upregulation of AEG-1 expression can protect nigral dopaminergic neurons from injury caused by aberrant apoptotic signaling pathways ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
We have previously identified the system N transporter SN1 as being responsible for glutamine efflux from astroglia and proposed a system A transporter (SAT) in subsequent transport of glutamine into neurons for neurotransmitter regeneration. (dadospdf.com)

Cisneros, IE & Ghorpade, A 2014, ' Methamphetamine and HIV-1-induced neurotoxicity: Role of trace amine associated receptor 1 cAMP signaling in astrocytes ', Neuropharmacology , vol. 85, pp. 499-507. (utmb.edu)
AEG‑1 is associated with glutamate excitotoxicity due to its reported function of repressing excitatory amino acid transporter 2 expression in astrocytes. (spandidos-publications.com)
Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1), which is also known as metadherin and lysine-rich carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 co-isolated, was first observed to be upregulated in brain astrocytes from patients with HIV-induced Alzheimer's disease ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

In the present study, we investigated the effects of METH and HIV-1 on primary human astrocyte TAAR1 expression, function and glutamate clearance. (utmb.edu)
Astrocyte elevated gene‑1 (AEG‑1) is a key regulatory factor of progression in multiple types of tumor and neurodegenerative disease development. (spandidos-publications.com)

Meta-analysis of association between obsessive-compulsive disorder and the 3' region of neuronal glutamate transporter gene SLC1A1" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
Although the function of AEG‑1 has been demonstrated in neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the underlying mechanism of neuronal AEG‑1 function remains unclear. (spandidos-publications.com)
A stable AEG‑1‑deficient HT22 neuronal cell line was constructed using CRISPR/Cas9 gene‑editing technology. (spandidos-publications.com)
Results from RNA sequencing revealed that AEG‑1 modulated neuronal morphology and development by regulating the expression of numerous genes, such as ubiquitin C, C‑X‑C motif chemokine ligand 1, MMP9, Notch1, neuropilin 1 and ephrin type‑A receptor 4. (spandidos-publications.com)

The results show that this population of commissural interneurons includes both excitatory and inhibitory cells that may excite or inhibit contralateral motoneurons directly. (nih.gov)
Dynamic target of seizure control in management of epilepsy is achieving balance between factors that influence excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and those that influence inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). (medscape.com)

Neuroactive glutamate is classified as an excitatory amino acid (EAA) because glutamate binding onto postsynaptic receptors typically stimulates, or depolarizes, the postsynaptic cells. (org.es)

The present report is concerned with the identification of this putative L-aspartate transporter in rat and human prostate cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Polyclonal Antibody Branched chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKD)ab. (clonagen.com)

A metabolomic study of brain tissues from aged mice with low expression of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) gene. (neurotree.org)
Differential gene expression in the striatum of mice with very low expression of the vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 gene. (neurotree.org)
Transmitters were identified by using antibodies raised against vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2, glutamic acid decarboxylase and the glycine transporter 2. (nih.gov)
Three cells were immunoreactive for the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 and hence were glutamatergic. (nih.gov)
Glutamate is incorporated into the vesicles by a glutamate transporter located in the vesicular membrane. (org.es)

TC-1/dIfngr1), TC-1/A9, and TC-1/A9/dIfngr1 cell lines (A) and TC-1/dPD-L1 and TC-1/A9/dPD-L1 cell lines (C). Cells were incubated with specific antibodies or isotype RGS20 control antibodies. (cancerhugs.com)
Auto-antibodies induced neurological diseases show various clinical phenotypes (see details in Table 1 ). (springer.com)
Among these diverse features, it should be acknowledged that auto-antibodies toward glutamate receptors, GABA receptors, and K + channel-related proteins are preferentially found in autoimmune limbic encephalitis but not in IMCAs [ 10 ] (Table 1 ). (springer.com)

It involved placing a tiny glass patch pipette, onto the surface of the astrocytic membrane, to record D-serine transporter currents. (mendeley.com)

This transporter also transports aspartate, and mutations in this gene are thought to cause dicarboxylicamino aciduria, also known as glutamate-aspartate transport defect. (abbkine.com)
Proton-glutamate-aspartate transport protein. (lbl.gov)

Our study unravels an SREBP-1-autophagy-LD-CE hydrolysis pathway that plays an important role in maintaining membrane cholesterol homeostasis while providing a potential therapeutic avenue for GBM. (bvsalud.org)
To overcome the complication that purified transporters may adopt right-side-out or inside-out membrane orientations upon reconstitution, thereby confounding the kinetic analysis, we employed a rapid method using synthetic nanobodies to inactivate one population. (nature.com)
Oppositely oriented Glt Tk proteins showed the same transport kinetics, consistent with the use of an identical gating element on both sides of the membrane. (nature.com)
The transport domains are mobile and move through the lipid bilayer (alike an elevator) when translocating the amino acid substrate and co-transported ions across the membrane 13 . (nature.com)
AEG-1 has been shown to localize to the cell membrane, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus and nucleus in cancer cells ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Roles of neuroactive amino acids in ammonia neurotoxicity. (cdc.gov)

The main groups include sodium channel blockers, calcium current inhibitors, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) enhancers, glutamate blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, hormones, and drugs with unknown mechanisms of action (see the image below). (medscape.com)

1 , 2 In addition, astroglial cells are endowed with an evolutionary conserved defensive programme known as reactive gliosis, which develops in response to CNS lesions and is manifested by a spectrum of disease-specific cellular responses including hypertrophy and upregulation of intermediate filaments. (nature.com)
Future experiments and therapeutic trials will aim to answer this important question and determine if GLT-1 upregulation can prevent seizure onset or mitigate established seizures. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)

Some neuroactive compounds are amino acids, which also have metabolic functions in the presynaptic cell. (org.es)

Autism is a complex, behaviorally defined, developmental brain disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 1,000. (neurotransmitter.net)
Neuropathological changes shared by aged dogs and humans: Changes in brain pathology that aged dogs share with aged humans with a diagnosis of one form of human dementia (Alzheimer's disease) include (1) thickening of the meninges and dilation of the ventricles, (2) age-related gliosis, (3) vascular changed, (4) diffuse plaques, and (5) amyloid deposition. (vin.com)
[ 2 , 3 ] In adults, they account for less than 1% of primary intracranial neoplasms, whereas choroid plexus tumors represent up to 5% of pediatric brain tumors, and up to 20% of those arising in children aged 1 year and younger. (medscape.com)
Overactivity of glutamate transporters has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and other mental illnesses, whilst underactivity is seen in ischemia and traumatic brain injury. (tocris.com)
Furthermore, AEG-1 can promote AST activation and hyperplasia induced by brain injury in a mouse model of reactive astrogliosis ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. (essentialtremor.org)

None of the axons displayed immunoreactivity for glutamic acid decarboxylase. (nih.gov)
The autoantigens include glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel (VGCC), metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 (mGluR1), and glutamate receptor delta (GluRdelta). (springer.com)

METH activates G-protein coupled receptors such as trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in presynaptic cells of monoaminergic systems. (utmb.edu)

To evaluate the effect of PD-L1 molecules indicated by TC-1 and TC-1/A9 cells within the safety against immune system attack, we generated cellular clones with deactivated PD-L1CTC-1/dPD-L1 and TC-1/A9/dPD-L1, HQL-79 respectively. (cancerhugs.com)
Downregulation in cellular ion homeostasis, including ion channel function and neurotransmitter release, were observed after knocking out AEG‑1 expression. (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition, AEG-1 as a key modulator regulates aberrant cellular processes within the central nervous system (CNS), where it is involved in neurological diseases such as Huntington's chorea, migraine and HIV-induced neurological disorders ( 7-9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Substrate application starts at 5 seconds, as indicated by channels IN0(pA) and IN4(V). Two recording or search cursors (1&2) were placed between 14 and 15 seconds. (mendeley.com)

Pharmacologic inhibition of LAT1 predominantly suppresses transport of large neutral amino acids and downregulates global translation in cancer cells. (go.jp)

Combined with previous pre-equilibrium binding studies, a full kinetic mechanism of structurally characterized aspartate transporters of the SLC1A family is now emerging. (nature.com)

6(1): 668, 2023 Jun 24. (bvsalud.org)

The 1st identified mobile receptor because of this nuclear proteins was the receptor for advanced glycation end items (Trend), which mediates the relationships between advanced glycation end item (Age group)Cmodified proteins as well as the endothelium and additional cell types (7). (exposed-skin-care.net)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human G Protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 (GPER) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (allelisakits.com)

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Tumor Protein, Translationally Controlled 1 (TPT1) in tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids. (allelisakits.com)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Tumor Protein, Translationally Controlled 1 (TPT1) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (allelisakits.com)

Neurotransmitter molecules can also bind onto presynaptic autoreceptors and transporters, regulating subsequent release and clearing excess neurotransmitter from the cleft. (org.es)

Significantly, HMGB1 is usually a chemotactic agent in vitro and in vivo for endothelial precursor cells (EPCs) (13), and latest results demonstrate that HMGB1 administration considerably increases degrees of development elements including vascular endothelial development factor (VEGF), fundamental fibroblast 476310-60-8 development element, and insulin-like development element-1 released by cultured human being cardiac fibroblasts (14). (exposed-skin-care.net)
Methamphetamine (METH) is abused by about 5% of the United States population with approximately 10-15% of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) patients reporting its use. (utmb.edu)
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Translationally controlled tumor protein(TPT1) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (allelisakits.com)
Camacho MV, Telling G , Kong Q , Gambetti P , Notari S . Role of prion protein glycosylation in replication of human prions by protein misfolding cyclic amplification. (academictree.org)

This experimental study tested cortical GLT-1 protein expression in SCN1A haploinsufficient mouse DS models. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
Both strains exhibited reduced GLT-1 expression, suggesting its relevance in disease progression. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
To further explore GLT-1 expression, the researchers measured baseline GLT-1 in wild-type mice of all 3 strains. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
They found that GLT-1 expression varied between the mouse background strains, indicating its potential impact on SCN1A mutation severity. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
Yet we see almost identical reductions in GLT-1 expression in both F1 and 129S SCN1A+/− mice, indicating that reduced GLT-1 expression may be an endophenotype of SCN1A haploinsufficiency itself," the authors explained. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
Specifically, the GLT-1 is crucial for glutamate homeostasis, and reduced GLT-1 expression leads to excess excitatory signaling and seizures. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
The question remains whether reduced GLT-1 expression leads to recurrent seizures or if recurrent seizures depress GLT-1 expression. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
Depressed glutamate transporter 1 expression in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
Silencing AEG-1 expression has also been shown to suppress AST migration and proliferation to wounded areas ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

CONCLUSIONS 476310-60-8 The outcomes of this research display that endogenous HMGB1 is vital for ischemia-induced angiogenesis in diabetic mice which HMGB1 proteins administration enhances security blood circulation in the ischemic hind limbs of diabetic mice through a VEGF-dependent system. (exposed-skin-care.net)
B) Oncogenicity of TC-1, TC-1/dIfngr1, TC-1/A9, and TC-1/A9/dIfngr1 cell lines was compared after subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of 3 104 cells to C57BL/6 mice (= 5). (cancerhugs.com)

As a molecular chaperone, HSP90 regulates the conformational maturation and functional stability of many signaling proteins in cells, serves important roles in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and tumor development and is an important antitumor target ( 8 , 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

METH ± HIV-1 decreased excitatory amino acid transporter-2 (EAAT-2) mRNA and significantly decreased glutamate clearance. (utmb.edu)
However, the mRNA abundance of ZO-1 and occludin-3 was not affected by either LPS or thymol treatments. (umanitoba.ca)

Healthy animals injected with pro-inflammatory IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) cytokines demonstrate 'sickness behavior' associated with social withdrawal [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This transporter selectively accumulates glutamate through a sodium-independent, ATP-dependent process (Naito and Ueda, 1983, Tabb and Ueda, 1991, Fykse and Fonnum, 1996), resulting in a high concentration of glutamate in each vesicle. (org.es)

Anatomy34

Organisms14

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs135

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes35

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science4

EAAT212

EAATs6

Extracellular4

High affinity10

Metabolism2

EAAT11

EAAC12

Solute2

Uptake6

Tight junction proteins3

EAAT32

Synapses4

Major excitatory1

Characterization2

ELISA Kit3

Synaptic3

Neurons7

Astrocytes3

Astrocyte2

Neuronal4

Inhibitory2

Postsynaptic1

Aspartate transporter1

Kinase1

Vesicular5

Antibodies3

Serine1

Glutamate-aspartate2

Membrane5

Neurotoxicity1

GABA1

Upregulation2

Neuroactive1

Brain6

Glutamic acid decarbox2

Receptors1

Cellular3

Substrate1

Inhibition1

Mechanism1

20231

Receptor2

Antibody2

Subsequent1

Human4

Expression9

Mice2

Functional1

MRNA2

Cytokines1

Accumulates1