• Previous proteomic studies of intact platelets have collectively identified hundreds of proteins using a variety of fractionation strategies including 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE), multidimensional chromatographic separations, membrane prefractionation techniques, and adsorption to combinatorial hexapeptide ligand libraries [ 1 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid assay (TNBS) and denaturing gel electrophoresis were used to determine the extent of cross-linking. (cdc.gov)
  • This protein profiling method using gel electrophoresis coupled with nano-HPLC/ESI/MS/MS and manual evaluation is a sensitive and accurate method for protein identification as well as a powerful tool for monitoring various types of food products. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Separation involves techniques such as gel electrophoresis or liquid chromatography to separate proteins based on their size, charge, or other properties. (proprofs.com)
  • The lectures cover the theory and applicatoin of protein separation techniques such as 1D/2D gel electrophoresis, different kinds of protein and peptide chromatography, multidimensional separations, stable isotope labeling and numerous types of mass spectrometry. (tum.de)
  • Based on these findings, sera were immunoprecipitated, and subjected to 2D gel electrophoresis (GE). (duke.edu)
  • MudPIT) and Fluorescence two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) to identify potential biomarkers of PTL and SPTB. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The WFZ-Fungene joins the equipment and expertise for the production of DNA- and protein microarrays, for two dimensional gel electrophoresis as well as for gel free multi dimensional chromatographic proteome analysis. (marine-biotechnologie.de)
  • Firstly, proteins were isolated with a detergent-containing buffer that allowed extraction of various groups of storage proteins (glutenins, gliadins, globulins, and albumins), secondly, the proteome was profiled by the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. (cas.cz)
  • A combination of immobilized metal ion chromatography, 2D gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry was employed to analyze potential plutonium-binding proteins. (northwestern.edu)
  • To discover such biomarkers, we measured AD-associated changes in the cerebrospinal fluid: CSF) using an unbiased proteomics approach: two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry). (wustl.edu)
  • Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified PnMas1 and PnMas2 but not PnMas3 in flagellar extracts. (springer.com)
  • Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is an analytical chemistry technique that combines the physical separation capabilities of liquid chromatography (or HPLC) with the mass analysis capabilities of mass spectrometry (MS). Coupled chromatography - MS systems are popular in chemical analysis because the individual capabilities of each technique are enhanced synergistically. (wikipedia.org)
  • While liquid chromatography separates mixtures with multiple components, mass spectrometry provides spectral information that may help to identify (or confirm the suspected identity of) each separated component. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to the liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry devices, an LC-MS system contains an interface that efficiently transfers the separated components from the LC column into the MS ion source. (wikipedia.org)
  • MDI-Hb was also digested with trypsin and specific amino acid conjugation sites determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadruple-tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry. (cdc.gov)
  • Hong, SS, Park, JH & Kwon, SW 2007, ' Determination of proteins in infant formula by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry ', Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences , vol. 845, no. 1, pp. 69-73. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In the present study, cordycepin was prepared by preparative high‑performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC) and the purity obtained was 99.6%, indicating that this technique may be useful for the large‑scale isolation of cordycepin in the future. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Preparative high performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC) can shorten the production cycle, has relatively low operating costs, and is simple to carry out. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Addition of 0.1% CYMAL-5 (final concentration) during trypsin treatment was compatible with both matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis, and gave a better digestion efficiency than n-octylglucoside, which we previously reported. (nih.gov)
  • Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify the targets recognized by circulating AAbs seen on 2D-GE, followed by ELISAs with recombinant proteins to confirm LC-MS/MS results, and quantify autoreactivities. (duke.edu)
  • Detailed protocols involving protein microarrays, liquid chromatography, high throughput cloning of expression constructs, IMAC, mass spectrometry, MALDI TOF, and MudPIT are provided, along with well illustrated descriptions of experimental procedures and lists of recommended Web sites and reading material. (cshlpress.com)
  • While BioGenes specializes in the development of HCP ELISAs and related 2D gel analytics, Alphalyse is an expert in HCP coverage analysis by Liquid Chromatography (LC) - Mass Spectrometry (MS). (b3cnewswire.com)
  • Mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography are the analytical techniques used in chemistry and biology for identifying the components of the sample, which use different approaches. (studykraken.com)
  • To make it clear, high-performance liquid chromatography is aimed at separating the individual components of the mixture by means of a laboratory technique called chromatography, whose main principle is to measure an analyte from two phases of molecules, mobile and stationary. (studykraken.com)
  • The main difference between mass spectrometry from high-performance liquid chromatography is that the first one determines the masses of chemical compounds and identifies the sample elemental composition. (studykraken.com)
  • The use of mass spectrometry with high performance liquid chromatography is based on the main ideas of those two techniques, the principles of physical detection of compounds within mixtures applied by liquid chromatography and the capabilities of mass analysis mass spectrometry is aimed to. (studykraken.com)
  • Opposing to the traditional high performance liquid chromatography, its instrumentation in the combination with mass spectrometry is based on the smaller scales used for both diameters internal one and flow rate. (studykraken.com)
  • The procedure of the use of mass spectrometry with high-performance liquid chromatography can be explained as follows, the compounds should come through the liquid chromatography process of physical detection and then, the chemical components are measured with mass-to-charge ratio, the instrument of mass spectrometry (Potter 1995). (studykraken.com)
  • The bottom-up proteomics process may be used for protein identification by mass spectrometry with high-performance liquid chromatography. (studykraken.com)
  • This stage is final before the use of mass spectrometry with a high-performance liquid chromatography procedure. (studykraken.com)
  • To understand the advantages of the use of mass spectrometry with high-performance liquid chromatography, it is important to check the main limitations which can be observed in each of these analytical techniques if used separately. (studykraken.com)
  • The main limitation of performance liquid chromatography is that this technique is unable to detect the components of the mixture definitely. (studykraken.com)
  • The disadvantages of this method are numerous as well, as the risk is taken while using mass spectrometry with high-performance liquid chromatography is high. (studykraken.com)
  • Parallel ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography separation followed by direct mass spectrometry quantification complemented the results. (cas.cz)
  • In the first dimension, ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) separates peptides based on ionic interactions with the solid phase and an increasing salt buffer. (hindawi.com)
  • Due to its highly specific cleavage of peptides Glu-C is used in proteomics for peptide mapping and protein sequence work. (serva.de)
  • In-gel reduction and alkylation of Cys residues under denaturing conditions also improved the sequence coverage of peptides. (nih.gov)
  • In-gel tryptic digestion with the optimum combination of 0.5 mm thick gels, negative staining, alkylation under denaturing conditions (6 M guanidine hydrochloride), and digestion in the presence of CYMAL-5, gave excellent performance especially for membrane protein analysis, where recovery of hydrophobic peptides was markedly enhanced. (nih.gov)
  • We subsequently compared IsDAED approach and traditional approach, and demonstrated identifying SI peptides and excluding NSI peptides supports efficient diagnostic kit development, specifically using a protein-peptide hybrid microarray (PPHM). (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, silver staining under denaturing conditions revealed a single band on a SDS-PAGE corresponding to PrP, suggesting an absence of other proteins/peptides in the complex. (univie.ac.at)
  • Polymorphisms that slightly vary native peptides or inflammatory processes set the stage for abnormal protein folding and amyloid fibril deposition. (medscape.com)
  • We used consecutive orthogonal separation platforms to ensure sensitive detection: (a) ion-exchange of intact proteins, (b) SDS-PAGE separation of ion-exchange fractions and (c) HPLC separation of tryptic digests coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. (hindawi.com)
  • A previous study from our laboratory using a MuDPIT (multidimensional protein identification technology) approach identified over 300 proteins secreted by platelets upon thrombin activation [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Here we used an affinity-purification mass spectrometry-based (AP-MS) approach to identify novel and particularly intracellular sGAG-interacting proteins in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC). (degruyter.com)
  • various drawbacks have been identified in the purification techniques of ion resin adsorption ( 12 , 13 ), silica gel column chromatography ( 14 ) and supercritical extraction ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The cell lysis should be followed by the protein purification stage aimed at reducing chemical presence. (studykraken.com)
  • High-throughput quantitative proteomic analysis has previously been used to identify differentially expressed proteins and pathways associated with breast tumor phenotypes [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis resulted in the differentially expressed proteins in the FM and OA groups are mostly involved in the coagulation and complement system-related pathways, serotonin pathways, dopamine pathways, glutamate pathways and acute phase reactions. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • Quantification involves measuring the abundance or concentration of proteins, which can be done using various methods such as label-based or label-free quantification techniques. (proprofs.com)
  • 2021. "Resin Assisted Capture Coupled with Isobaric Tandem Mass Tag Labeling for Multiplexed Quantification of Protein Thiol Oxidation. (pnnl.gov)
  • Proteomic approaches have proven powerful at identifying large numbers of proteins, but there are fewer reports of functional characterization of proteins in biological tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • Proteomics is a field of study that involves the identification and characterization of proteins. (proprofs.com)
  • A second group of methods, which includes DNA microarrays and proteomics, have advantages that overcome the limitations implicit in signature-tagged mutagenesis and in vivo expression technology, namely, the ability to directly measure expression (gene or protein) levels on a true genome-wide scale, but their application to analysis of bacterial pathogens during real infections is still in its infancy. (cdc.gov)
  • Over the years, the sensitivity and accuracy of mass spectrometry have advanced to the point where proteins can be reliably detected, and various other proteomic techniques have been developed and optimized, ranging from microarrays to antibody-, gel- and chromatography-based methods. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Gas chromatography (GC)-MS was originally introduced in 1952, when A. T. James and A. J. P. Martin were trying to develop tandem separation - mass analysis techniques. (wikipedia.org)
  • This review summarizes the combination of mass spectrometry and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor analysis for identification and affinity determination of protein interactions with antibodies and DNA-aptamers. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our results show that several proteins from PC12 cells show affinity towards Pu 4+ -NTA (plutonium bound to nitrilotriacetic acid). (northwestern.edu)
  • Fig. 1 demonstrated how the anti-TBBPA VHH-AP fusion had been indicated and extracted effectively with sucrose osmotic pressure technique and can become purified utilizing the Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, which been around inside a very clear and sharp protein strap on SDS-PAGE gel and traditional western blotting. (pepas.org)
  • The binding constant (KD) of a protein-antibody complex is first determined by immobilizing an antibody or DNA-aptamer on an SPR chip. (bvsalud.org)
  • BL21 (DE3) pLysS and His-tag antibody-HRP were from Transgene Biotech (Guangzhou, China) was useful for expression from the antibody fusion proteins. (pepas.org)
  • 2001). Open up in another windowpane Fig. 1 Characterization of anti-TBBPA VHH-AP fusion proteins by SDS-PAGE and European blotting analysis predicated on anti-His antibody. (pepas.org)
  • MudPIT analysis identified 205 proteins in cervical-vaginal fluid (CVF), 28 of which exhibited significant differences in pairwise and progressive comparisons. (elsevierpure.com)
  • For instance, a number of studies have used 1D SDS-PAGE to separate proteins by molecular weight prior to MS analysis [ 12 - 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Anti-PnMas1 and anti-PnMas2 antibodies co-labelled two high-molecular-weight (~400 kDa) protein complexes in native gels but anti-PnMas3 antibodies labelled a 65 kDa protein complex. (springer.com)
  • Complex biological samples have also been successfully separated in multiple dimensions at the protein level. (hindawi.com)
  • the other is the peptide chain which formed the natural structure of protein through the folding process to obtain biological activity and express life information [ 2 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • As the expression vector of life information, the specific spatial structure formed by protein folding is the basis of its biological function. (ijpsonline.com)
  • They are involved in the formation of protein folding/degradation signalling pathway, maintaining the normal spatial structure and normal biological function of protein [ 3 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Biological systems, from proteins to living cells and organisms, obey physical principles. (tum.de)
  • Our group works to understand the mechanisms of protein modification by reactive species (radicals, two-electron oxidants, glycation reactions), the biological consequences of such reactions, and the development of methods to quantify protein damage in disease with a particular emphasis on cardiovascular pathologies. (ku.dk)
  • Damage to proteins can arise from the reactions of radicals (reactive species with an unpaired electron) and other oxidants, which are generated in biological systems by both endogenous processes (e.g. metabolic pathways, inflammation and enzyme reactions) and also exposure to a wide range of external factors (UV and high-energy radiation, exposure to drugs, pollutants, mineral fibres, chemicals etc). (ku.dk)
  • Significant gene list was further analysed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and the Normalized Enrichment Score (NES) showed that biological processes such as inflammation, protein transport, apoptosis, and cell redox homeostasis were modulated in senescent fibroblasts treated with γ -tocotrienol. (afpm.org.my)
  • By performing cell biological and biochemical experiments using human cells, Moyer and Holland show that PLK4 interacts with a protein called STIL that is found in the central part of the centriole. (elifesciences.org)
  • The biological functions of Lactobacillus S-layer proteins (Slp:s) are not well understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Wei-Jun Qian is a bioanalytical chemist whose research centers primarily on the development and applications of mass spectrometry-based approaches to better quantify the dynamic changes in protein abundances and protein post-translational modifications in biological and clinical applications. (pnnl.gov)
  • Endoproteinase Glu-C, recombinant (V8) is a serine endoproteinase used with in-gel digestion and mass spectrometric analysis. (serva.de)
  • ELISA testing with recombinant proteins confirmed, on average, significantly higher reactivities against all targets in AMD samples compared to controls. (duke.edu)
  • Alphalyse is a specialist contract research organization that supports biopharmaceutical companies in their process development and manufacturing of patient-safe products, such as mAbs, vaccines, recombinant proteins, and cell and gene therapies. (b3cnewswire.com)
  • During this procedure serum lipids are degraded in the sulfuric acid layer while cholesterol is removed in the top layer consisting of activated silica gel. (cdc.gov)
  • Without the activated silica gel layer cholesterol would eliminate water forming cholestene when coming in contact with the sulfuric acid. (cdc.gov)
  • The objectives of this study were to quantify alterations in protein expression in two HER2+ cellular models of breast cancer and to infer differentially regulated signaling pathways in these models associated with the hallmarks of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Protein localization aims to determine the specific cellular or subcellular location of proteins, which helps in understanding their roles and interactions. (proprofs.com)
  • Numerous biochemical efforts have been made recently to address PrP's involvement in signaling pathways, by testing direct protein-protein interactions of PrP. (univie.ac.at)
  • The subunits are held together and connected to the underlying cell surface by non-covalent interactions, and they spontaneously reassemble in vitro by an entropy-driven process, i.e. the subunit proteins are very poorly water-soluble [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Native or wild-type quaternary protein structure is usually born from a single translated protein sequence with one ordered conformation with downstream protein interactions. (medscape.com)
  • Trypsin, MS approved is especially designed for digestion of proteins prior to mass spectrometry analysis. (serva.de)
  • Every lot is approved for use in in-gel digestion and mass spectrometry analysis. (serva.de)
  • Lysyl Endopeptidase ® is especially designed for use with in-gel digestion and mass spectrometric analysis. (serva.de)
  • A cycloalkyl aliphatic saccharide, 5-cyclohexyl-1-pentyl-beta-D-maltoside (CYMAL-5), was evaluated as a novel additive in a high-throughput in-gel protein digestion system using 96-well plates. (nih.gov)
  • Next, proteins should be prepared for enzymatic digestion by means of solubilization. (studykraken.com)
  • Using multi-enzymatic digestion, we identified 49 differentially accumulated proteins. (cas.cz)
  • The issue of abundant (often housekeeping) proteins masking regulatory proteins of lower abundance (such as signaling proteins and cytokines) continues to be a challenging issue for proteomics particularly in the case of biofluids. (hindawi.com)
  • Proteins are major targets due to their high abundance and their rapid rates of reaction with these oxidants. (ku.dk)
  • From this, we identified 47 proteins that differed in abundance between cognitively normal: Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] 0) and mildly demented: CDR 1) subjects. (wustl.edu)
  • BERLIN, Germany, February 10, 2022 / B3C newswire / -- Recently, two companies that have been active in the field of Host Cell Protein (HCP) detection for many years have partnered up to offer their respective methods to biologics developers for optimal outcomes. (b3cnewswire.com)
  • Bod1 depletion does not affect the activity or localization of Aurora B but does cause mislocalization of the microtubule depolymerase mitotic centromere- associated kinesin and prevents its efficient phosphorylation by Aurora B. Therefore, Bod1 is a novel kinetochore protein that is required for the detection or resolution of syntelic attachments in mitotic spindles. (rupress.org)
  • 2021. "Mass spectrometry-based direct detection of multiple types of protein thiol modifications in pancreatic beta cells under endoplasmic reticulum stress. (pnnl.gov)
  • Based on immunological and mass spectrometric analysis, SALSA was estimated to constitute up to 4-10% of the total protein amount in meconium, making it one of the most abundant proteins. (researchgate.net)
  • There is abundant evidence for an accumulation of protein damage in many human diseases, but our knowledge of how this arises, the role that it plays in disease initiation and development, and how to prevent it, is limited. (ku.dk)
  • Calgranulins, annexins, S100 calcium-binding protein A7, and epidermal fatty acid binding protein were abundant in CVF and differentially present in PTL and SPTB samples, as were the serum proteins α-1- antitrypsin, α1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, serotransferrin, and vitamin D binding protein. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We want to determine how and when oxidative damage occurs on proteins, in a quantitative and rigorous manner. (ku.dk)
  • Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra (SWATH) is a label-free mass spectrometry quantitative technique, which can retain complete fragment ion data and has good accuracy as well as reproducibility. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • Blackman LM, Arikawa M, Yamada S, Suzaki T, Hardham AR (2011) Identification of a mastigoneme protein from Phytophthora nicotianae . (springer.com)
  • The identification of the intracellular sGAG-interacting proteins could help to unravel these functions. (degruyter.com)
  • Identification is the process of determining the identity of the proteins, often done through mass spectrometry or protein sequencing. (proprofs.com)
  • Such identification takes mass spectrometry to do this. (studykraken.com)
  • The pathways related to cell protein folding and degradation need to be elucidated because of training was set. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Pathway inference tools were used to interpret these proteins in terms of functionally enriched pathways in the tumor cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We observed "protein ubiquitination" and "apoptosis signaling" pathways were both enriched in the two breast cancer models while "IGF signaling" and "cell motility" pathways were enriched in BT474 and "amino acid metabolism" were enriched in the SKBR3 cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While "protein ubiquitination" and "apoptosis signaling" pathways were common to both the cell lines, the observed patterns of protein expression suggest that the evasion of apoptosis in each tumorigenic cell line occurs via different mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many mechanisms of protein function contribute to amyloidogenesis, including "nonphysiologic proteolysis, defective or absent physiologic proteolysis, mutations involving changes in thermodynamic or kinetic properties, and pathways that are yet to be defined. (medscape.com)
  • Such dependant enzymes include those of the citric acid cycle, the mitochondrial electron transport chain, as well as several other pathways in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. (medscape.com)
  • A proteomics approach revealed that several proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, the site of N -glycoprotein synthesis, are down-regulated upon apratoxin A exposure. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Our proteomics platform allows for the analysis of a high number of samples (high throughput proteomics), for the charactrization of stimulus or desease related proteomic signatures or markers and for a closer look at interesting candidate proteins, their expression profiles and modifications. (marine-biotechnologie.de)
  • Here, I tried to verify the interaction of the candidate proteins with PrP in the complex via Western blotting. (univie.ac.at)
  • Proteins are the 'workers' of cells and essential for life as a result of their structure and functional roles. (ku.dk)
  • The identified plutonium interacting proteins also have functional roles in downregulation of apoptosis and other pro-proliferative processes. (northwestern.edu)
  • Mass spectrometry is a powerful technique used in proteomics to analyze and measure the mass of proteins. (proprofs.com)
  • Enrichment analysis for protein localization showed that mainly intracellular and cell-associated interacting proteins were identified. (degruyter.com)
  • It has various applications including protein expression, protein localization, and protein structure determination. (proprofs.com)
  • [ 5 ] Only 10% of amyloidosis deposits consist of components such as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), apolipoprotein-E (apoE), and serum amyloid P-component (SAP), while nearly 90% of the deposits consist of amyloid fibrils that are formed by the aggregation of misfolded proteins. (medscape.com)
  • Serum concentrations are determined using gas chromatography isotope dilution high resolution mass spectrometry (GC/IDHRMS), which minimizes or eliminates many interferences associated with low-resolution measurement of organohalogen compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • Specimen rejected if submitted as serum, in plasma gel tube, or in EDTA. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, molecular docking was also used in the present study to simulate the binding of cordycepin with different antibacterial targets, such as β-ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase III (FabH), DNA gyrase B and thymidylate kinase, in order to identify the most likely antimicrobial mechanism of cordycepin. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Identified targets may be mechanistically linked to AMD pathogenesis because the identified proteins are implicated in autophagy, immunomodulation, and protection from oxidative stress and apoptosis. (duke.edu)
  • These proteins may modulate the interaction of platelets with their local cellular environment. (hindawi.com)
  • By identifying many sGAG-specific interacting proteins, our data provide a resource for upcoming studies aimed at molecular mechanisms and understanding of sGAG cellular effects. (degruyter.com)
  • Proteomic research provides a global view of the processes underlying healthy and diseased cellular processes at the protein level. (technologynetworks.com)
  • The results showed that chaperonin containing tailless complex polypeptide the large number of proteins involved, the complex relationship between proteins and the lack of research on the effects of movement and cell protein folding and degradation. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Chaperonin Containing Tailless Complex Polypeptide 1 (CCT-1) is one of the important elements of protein folding pathway in cells and proteasome is an important component of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) dependent protein degradation pathway in cells. (ijpsonline.com)
  • and Protein S100-A9, also known as calgranulin B that, when complexed with S100A8, forms calprotectin. (duke.edu)
  • The antiadipogenic mechanism of endostatin lies in its interaction with Sam68 RNA-binding protein in the nuclei of preadipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The interaction of sGAG with α2-macroglobulin receptor-associated protein (LRPAP1), exportin-1 (XPO1), and serine protease HTRA1 (HTRA1) was confirmed in reverse assays. (degruyter.com)
  • Therefore the functions of nucleomorph-encoded proteins must be elucidated indirectly by application of methods in genetically accessible organisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Self-polymerization of MDI onto protein was observed on some amino acids at higher MDI concentrations. (cdc.gov)
  • In our function, primarily, the checkerboard titration technique was put on screen the perfect working concentrations from the the layer antigen as well as the VHH-AP fusion proteins. (pepas.org)
  • MDI haptenation of proteins is central to dNCO immunological sensitization, however, the resultant protein conjugates are complex and difficult to characterize. (cdc.gov)
  • Durch native Gele und Gel-Permeations-Chromatographie (GPC) wurde die Grösse des IP-Komplexes (800kD) bestätigt. (univie.ac.at)
  • A test target is what the test interrogates ( e. g. the analyte, chromosomal region/mitochondrion, gene or protein). (nih.gov)
  • The gene CPLCG5 encodes a cuticle protein that plays an important role in pyrethroid resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, relating gene expression with the specific role that the corresponding protein plays in a signaling pathway is complicated by post-transcriptional control of protein expression [ 8 ] and tight regulation of protein activity [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)