• Examples include the HU protein in Escherichia coli, a dimer of closely related alpha and beta chains and in other bacteria can be a dimer of identical chains. (wikipedia.org)
  • HU-type proteins have been found in a variety of bacteria (including cyanobacteria) and archaea, and are also encoded in the chloroplast genome of some algae. (wikipedia.org)
  • Histone-like proteins were unknown to be present in bacteria until similarities between eukaryotic histones and the HU-protein were noted, particularly because of the abundancy, basicity, and small size of both of the proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Upon further investigation, it was discovered that the amino acid composition of HU resembles that of eukaryotic histones, thus prompting further research into the exact function of bacterial DNA binding proteins and discoveries of other related proteins in bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Currently, many more functions of bacteria DNA binding proteins have been discovered, including the regulation of gene expression by histone-like nucleoid-structuring protein, H-NS. (wikipedia.org)
  • H-NS is about 15.6 kDa and assists in the regulation of bacterial transcription in bacteria by repressing and activating certain genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Together, these findings provide critical evidence on how FtsKN may mediate the transition between cell elongation and septation in E. coli, and significantly advances our understanding of what is necessary for bacteria to replicate and survive. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Symbiotic bacteria use the roughly 100-nanometer-long syringe-like machines to inject proteins into host cells to help adjust the biology of their surroundings and enhance their survival. (datadance.ai)
  • Using AlphaFold, which predicts a protein's structure from its amino acid sequence, the researchers redesigned tail fibers of an eCIS produced by Photorhabdus bacteria to bind to human cells. (datadance.ai)
  • However, in the absence of Myd88 or under conditions of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis, non-invasive bacteria were trafficked to the MLNs in a CCR7-dependent manner, and induced both T-cell responses and IgA production. (nih.gov)
  • Our results demonstrate that surface located Hsc70 on TG cells mediates the uptake of pathogenic bacteria and proteins containing the TPR domain inhibit the function of Hsc70 by binding to its EEVD motif. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that there was a higher degree of bacterial colonization in the placenta than in other organs, that there were many bacteria in trophoblast giant (TG) cells in the placenta and that an intracellular replication-defective mutant did not induce abortion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Trophoblastic cells are the early targets of L. monocytogenes and bacteria then disseminate rapidly to the other trophoblastic structures, such as the syncytiotrophoblast cells lining the villous core in the labyrinthine zone of the placenta [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This response is triggered by microbial cell walls, peptidoglycans from bacteria or beta-glucans from fungi, and is regulated by two nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathways, the Toll and Imd pathways [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Imd pathway responds to diaminopimelic acid-type peptidoglycan (DAP-type PGN) from the cell wall of Gram-negative and certain types of Gram-positive bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Host cells detect the presence of bacteria using a receptor called TLR9, which senses bacterial DNA (1). (the-scientist.com)
  • The presence of bacteria, particularly their DNA, was necessary for the release of exosomes from the cell, the team found. (the-scientist.com)
  • By sequencing the DNA of bacteria resistant to viral toxins, TAU researchers identified novel proteins capable of stymieing growth in treacherous antibiotic-resistant bacteria. (eurekalert.org)
  • Because bacteria and bacterial viruses have co-evolved over billions of years, we suspected the viruses might contain precisely the weapons necessary to fight the bacteria," Prof. Qimron said. (eurekalert.org)
  • The researchers are continuing their study of bacterial viruses in the hope of identifying compounds and processes that facilitate improved treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria using yet uncharacterized bacterial viruses' proteins. (eurekalert.org)
  • They believe that further basic knowledge on bacterial viruses biology will eventually lead to unexpected breakthroughs in the fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. (eurekalert.org)
  • Researchers show how a mechanism that human cells use to protect themselves against overzealous immune responses can be hijacked by invading bacteria. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Indeed, some of modern medicine's most reliable antibiotics disarm harmful bacteria by disrupting the proteins that build their protective armor. (harvard.edu)
  • The newly profiled protein, RodA, belongs to a family collectively known as SEDS proteins, present in nearly all bacteria. (harvard.edu)
  • SEDS" near-ubiquity renders these proteins ideal targets for the development of broad-spectrum antibiotics to disrupt their structure and function, effectively neutralizing a range of harmful bacteria. (harvard.edu)
  • In a set of experiments, researchers altered the structure of RodA in two bacterial species-the textbook representatives of the two broad classes that make up most of disease-causing bacteria. (harvard.edu)
  • One of them was Escherichia coli , which belongs to a class of organisms with a double-cell membrane known as gram-negative bacteria, so named due to a reaction to staining test used in microbiology. (harvard.edu)
  • Additionally, because the protein is highly conserved across all bacterial species, the discovery of an inhibiting compound means that, at least in theory, a drug could work against many kinds of harmful bacteria. (harvard.edu)
  • Microbiota--the trillions of bacteria that co-exist in the body--regulate the ability of lung dendritic cells to generate immune responses, according to a study led by researchers from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, published online in the Journal of Experimental Medicine . (sciencedaily.com)
  • Human cells harness power of detergents to wipe out bacteria. (discovery.com)
  • Described in the American Chemical Society Synthetic Biology journal, the team describes using protein polymers known as "R bodies", which are found in certain bacteria, as retractable nanoneedles that can extend to puncture cellular membranes and release molecules on command. (harvard.edu)
  • In this time-lapse, retractable protein actuators called "R bodies" - found naturally in certain bacteria - are seen extending from barely-visible tiny coils into long pointy tubes that are capable of rupturing cell membranes. (harvard.edu)
  • When a paramecium of a different strain ingests these shed bacteria containing R bodies, a difference in pH level between the two strains causes the R bodies to extend and puncture the bacteria s cell walls, releasing toxins that kill the host paramecium. (harvard.edu)
  • The Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) is a multiprotein device that has emerged as an important fitness and virulence factor for many Gram-negative bacteria through the injection of effector proteins into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells via a contractile mechanism. (frontiersin.org)
  • These organelles, or bacterial microcompartments (BMCs), are used by some bacteria to fix carbon dioxide, Kerfeld noted. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Ingestion of bacteria may require the help of still other components of the blood, called opsonins , which act to coat the bacterial cell wall and prepare it for ingestion. (britannica.com)
  • Endotoxins (bacterial cell wall components released when certain bacteria disintegrate). (cdc.gov)
  • Role of serotype and virulence determinants of Streptococcus pyogenes biofilm bacteria in internalization and persistence in epithelial cells in vitro. (lu.se)
  • Here, live respiratory epithelial cells were inoculated with broth-grown or biofilm bacteria of different M-types, as well as with isogenic mutants lacking common virulence factors. (lu.se)
  • The M3 protein, but not the M1 or M5 proteins, was required for optimal uptake and persistence of both planktonic and biofilm bacteria inside cells. (lu.se)
  • Microscopy of internalized bacteria showed that planktonic bacteria were internalized in lower numbers as individual or small clumps of bacteria in the cytoplasm, whereas GAS biofilm bacteria displayed a pattern of perinuclear localization of bacterial aggregates that affected actin structure. (lu.se)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Role of serotype and virulence determinants of Streptococcus pyogenes biofilm bacteria in internalization and persistence in epithelial cells in vitro. (lu.se)
  • Some bacterial toxins, produced by pathogenic bacteria, have the same activity. (lu.se)
  • The cell cycle and cellular differentiation in bacteria. (lu.se)
  • Study first to show how some toxins and drugs enter cells. (scitechdaily.com)
  • And it is also how bacterial toxins enter human cells and wreak havoc. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The study identified the ways in which proteins cross a cell membrane, a finding that could create a scientific foundation for better ways of delivering drugs into cells in the future, or for treating illnesses caused by bacterial toxins. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Pei's research team at Ohio State has spent years trying to understand how biomolecules such as bacterial toxins get inside a human cell, with the goal of finding ways to get medications into those cells. (scitechdaily.com)
  • It was through that work that the researchers discovered how some toxins were getting across the cell membranes, said Ashweta Sahni, lead author of the study and a graduate student in Pei's lab at Ohio State. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The team subsequently observed that two structurally different bacterial toxins also employed this same mechanism. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Reference: "Bacterial Toxins Escape the Endosome by Inducing Vesicle Budding and Collapse" by Ashweta Sahni and Dehua Pei, 23 September 2021, ACS Chemical Biology . (scitechdaily.com)
  • We show that NLRP3 activators including bacterial pore-forming toxins, nigericin, ATP, and particulate matter caused mitochondrial perturbation or the opening of a large membrane pore, but this was not required for NLRP3 activation. (nih.gov)
  • Decoy exosomes provide protection against bacterial toxins," Nature , 579:260-64, 2020. (the-scientist.com)
  • To kill a cell, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus discharges an arsenal of toxins. (the-scientist.com)
  • PUNCTURE THIS: Based on experiments with mice and cultured human epithelial cells, researchers pieced together how hosts can use exosomes to defend themselves against bacterial toxins. (the-scientist.com)
  • Exosomes also protected other cells from two additional bacterial toxins, leukotoxin ED and diphtheria toxin. (the-scientist.com)
  • These toxins inhibit the release of neurotransmitters at the neuromuscular junction by cleaving soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex proteins in nerve cells, which prevents the fusion of neurotransmitter containing vesicles to cell membranes 2 . (cdc.gov)
  • MceF interacts with glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), an anti-oxidant enzyme located in the mitochondria, to improve mitochondrial function by promoting an anti-oxidizing effect that averts cell damage and death, which may occur when pathogens replicate inside mammalian cells. (technologynetworks.com)
  • The uptake of abortion-inducing pathogens by trophoblast giant (TG) cells is a key event in infectious abortion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, little is known about phagocytic functions of TG cells against the pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When plants are attacked by bacterial pathogens, a substance called coronatine from these pathogens uses the jasmonic acid system inside the plant cells to suppress the plant's disease response, making the plant more susceptible to disease. (isaaa.org)
  • We've discovered how human cells are spared when MAC is deployed by the immune system to fight pathogens. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Discovering more about how host cells and pathogens interact could also have important implications for understanding mechanisms of infectious diseases, and how to tackle them. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Having the full structural view of the bacterial organelle membrane can help provide important information in fighting pathogens or bioengineering bacterial organelles for beneficial purposes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Bacterial pathogens causing neonatal sepsis and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern may change over time and differ between countries. (who.int)
  • Further, we study how intracellular C3 contributes to recognition and clearance of intracellular bacterial pathogens. (lu.se)
  • One such example is diphtheria toxin, which is produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae and causes diphtheria, a serious and potentially fatal bacterial infection of the nose and throat. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Zamboni explained that it is highly adapted to invade and control macrophages and monocytes - white blood cells that are part of the organism's front-line immune defense - inhibiting the host's responses to the infection. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Objective: We sought to assess the effect of mild steel welding fumes (MS-WF) on PAFR-dependent pneumococcal adhesion and infection to human airway cells in vitro and on pneumococcal airway infection in a mouse model. (cdc.gov)
  • Pneumococcal adhesion and infection of A549, BEAS-2B, and primary human bronchial airway cells were assessed by means of quantitative bacterial culture and expressed as colony-forming units (CFU). (cdc.gov)
  • In A549 and BEAS-2B cells MS-WF increased pneumococcal adhesion and infection and PAFR protein expression. (cdc.gov)
  • Both CV-3988 and N-acetylcysteine reduced MS-WF-stimulated pneumococcal adhesion and infection of airway cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Conclusions: Hypersusceptibility of welders to pneumococcal pneumonia is in part mediated by the capacity of welding fumes to increase PAFR-dependent pneumococcal adhesion and infection of lower airway cells. (cdc.gov)
  • These findings suggest that bacterial infection of TG cells plays a key role in abortion induced by B. abortus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A short period of desiccation-elevated peptidoglycan recognition protein-LC ( PGRP-LC ) expression in MTs, increased antimicrobial peptide ( AMP ) gene induction, and protected animals from bacterial infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We show that desiccation increased ecdysone synthesis in MTs, while inhibition of ecdysone synthesis or ecdysone receptor expression, specifically within MTs, prevented induction of PGRP-LC and reduced protection from bacterial infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given the central role PGRP-LC plays in sensing systemic bacterial infections, steroid hormone regulation provides a significant degree of modulation on the ability of cells or animals to respond to bacterial infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During bacterial infection, autophagy proteins appear to regulate the release of cell-saving exosomes, which bear the brunt of toxin damage. (the-scientist.com)
  • Antibody neutralizing capabilities are traditionally measured in cell-based live viral infection assays that require BSL3 facilities 6 . (nature.com)
  • Bacterial proteins exploit this flexibility to co-opt CD59 for infection. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Additionally, researchers have shown that changing the bacterial composition of the body may have important consequences on the effectiveness of vaccines used to protect the mucosal surfaces of the body against infection. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Bacterial infection from medical devices is a major problem and accounts for an increasing number of deaths as well as high medical costs. (mdpi.com)
  • One way to prevent infection is by modifying the surface of the devices in such a way that no bacterial adhesion can occur. (mdpi.com)
  • In the case of many viruses, resistance is related to the presence on the cell surface of protein receptors that bind to the virus , allowing it to gain entry into the cell and thus cause infection. (britannica.com)
  • impetigo is a common bacterial infection of children's skin but is rarer in adults, and acne is a common infection of the skin of adolescents but is uncommon in childhood or in older adults. (britannica.com)
  • These events are described in detail in the article immune system , but they can be summarized as follows: special types of white blood cells called polymorphonuclear leukocytes or granulocytes , which are normally manufactured in the bone marrow and which circulate in the blood, move to the site of the infection. (britannica.com)
  • If the patient's condition is serious and antibiotics have been given (potentially masking symptoms and hindering growth of organisms on culture), a bacterial infection is assumed to be present. (medscape.com)
  • Since bacterial and eukaryotic cells all contain compartmentalized membranes, a reversible system for breaking barriers establishes a mechanical strategy for precisely controlling cells. (harvard.edu)
  • While some effector proteins specifically target bacterial or eukaryotic cells, others can target both types of cells (trans-kingdom effectors). (frontiersin.org)
  • Unlike the lipid-based membranes of eukaryotic cells, bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) have polyhedral shells made of proteins. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Researchers have known how small molecules penetrate cell membranes, typically by binding to the membrane and then diffusing through it. (scitechdaily.com)
  • While working on the team's other projects, Sahni noticed that some fragments of proteins, known as peptides, cross membranes by pushing against them. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The team witnessed the budding-and-collapse in live cells through confocal microscopy, an imaging technique that allowed them to focus in on what was happening inside the cells, and on the cell membranes, with these specific proteins. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The aim of the proposed challenging project is to develop a new method, using which we will elucidate the relationship between protein sequence and preferred composition and curvature of human membranes. (muni.cz)
  • Enhanced translocation of amphiphilic peptides across membranes by transmembrane proteins. (muni.cz)
  • Tightly bound in a small coil in lower pH, R bodies extend into sharp tubular structures akin to javelins when pH levels rise, puncturing the membranes of the cells housing them. (harvard.edu)
  • The contents within these organelles determine their specific function, but the overall architecture of the protein membranes of BMCs are fundamentally the same, the authors noted. (sciencedaily.com)
  • For lipid-based membranes, there are membrane proteins that get molecules across. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Protein translocation across membranes. (lu.se)
  • While the molecular nature of intracellular cobalamin metabolism in mammals remains poorly understood, the proteins MMACHC, MMADHC, LMBD1 and ABCD4 are implicated in its early uptake and processing. (mcgill.ca)
  • Cell Metabolism, 29, 202-210. (lu.se)
  • We are studying an unexpected role of complement - in the physiology and metabolism of pancreatic beta-cells. (lu.se)
  • Inspired by the efficiency with which plants convert sunlight into sugar, researchers have fabricated a solar cell that uses photosynthetic proteins to convert light into electricity. (sciencenews.org)
  • Researchers describes a hitherto unknown protein with anti-oxidizing properties secreted by Coxiella burnetii. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Researchers at the University of São Paulo (USP) in Brazil, partnering with colleagues in Australia, have identified a novel bacterial protein that can keep human cells healthy even when the cells have a heavy bacterial burden. (technologynetworks.com)
  • The researchers analyzed more than 130 proteins released by Coxiella burnetii when this bacterium invades host cells, and found at least one to be capable of prolonging cell longevity by acting directly on mitochondria. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Researchers at the McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard have harnessed a natural bacterial system to develop a new protein delivery approach that works in human cells and animals. (datadance.ai)
  • The researchers used the artificial intelligence tool AlphaFold to engineer these syringe structures to deliver a range of useful proteins to both human cells and cells in live mice. (datadance.ai)
  • The researchers also used an eCIS to deliver proteins to the brain in live mice - where it didn't provoke a detectable immune response, suggesting that eCISs could one day be used to safely deliver gene therapies to humans. (datadance.ai)
  • Using high-throughput DNA sequencing, the researchers located mutations in bacterial genes that resisted the toxicity of growth inhibitors produced by bacterial viruses. (eurekalert.org)
  • Researchers created an artificial membrane system that closely mimics a cell surface. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • These insights help researchers understand how an immune response is regulated to prevent inflammation and damage to human cells. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • When researchers induced even mild alterations to the structure of RodA's cavity, the protein lost its ability to perform its work. (harvard.edu)
  • April 11, 2023 - Researchers developed a protein delivery system that can be customized to target specific human cell types. (nih.gov)
  • Now researchers report that microbiota regulate the ability of lung dendritic cells to generate immune responses. (sciencedaily.com)
  • To study the production of IgA within the lungs, the researchers used mouse models to isolate specialized cells called dendritic cells and cultured them with antibody-producing B cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • To the researchers' surprise, they found that when they isolated lung dendritic cells from "germ free" or antibiotic-treated mice, the production of IgA was highly impaired. (sciencedaily.com)
  • a new study from researchers at Harvard s Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and Harvard Medical School (HMS) introduces a novel mechanical method for controlling release of molecules inside cells. (harvard.edu)
  • Wyss Institute researchers have harnessed these structures and are adapting them for use in mammalian cells, which could one day lead to novel mechanisms for delivering drugs and other chemicals of interest. (harvard.edu)
  • The researchers were able to show how five different kinds of proteins formed three different kinds of shapes: hexagons, pentagons and a stacked pair of hexagons, which assembled together into a 20-sided icosahedral shell. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The study authors said that by using the structural data from this paper, researchers can design experiments to study the mechanisms for how the molecules get across this protein membrane, and to build custom organelles for carbon capture or to produce valuable compounds. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Mammalian apoptosis-inducing protein, HAP, induces bacterial cell death. (bvsalud.org)
  • In attempting to produce the HAP, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) targeted apoptosis -inducing protein , as a GST-fusion protein we found that the expression of HAP, but not GST alone, induced bacterial cell death . (bvsalud.org)
  • Two bacterial virulence factors are required for effective induction of apoptosis by extracellular GAS: (i) hyaluronic acid capsule that inhibits bacterial internalization and (ii) secreted cytolysin, streptolysin O (SLO), that forms. (lu.se)
  • Two bacterial virulence factors are required for effective induction of apoptosis by extracellular GAS: (i) hyaluronic acid capsule that inhibits bacterial internalization and (ii) secreted cytolysin, streptolysin O (SLO), that forms transmembrane pores that permit extracellular calcium influx into the cytosol. (lu.se)
  • Induction of keratinocyte apoptosis by wild-type GAS was accompanied by cell detachment and loss of epithelial integrity, a phenomenon not observed with GAS deficient in capsule or SLO. (lu.se)
  • We propose that cell signalling initiated by extracellular GAS compromises the epithelial barrier by inducing premature keratinocyte differentiation and apoptosis, thereby facilitating GAS invasion of deeper tissues. (lu.se)
  • To make the solar cell, a team of biologists and engineers led by Marc Baldo of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) harvested photosynthetic proteins from spinach and the bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides and deposited the proteins onto a glass support. (sciencenews.org)
  • Herewe report the structure of a single-domain bacterial fasciclin I protein, Fdp, in the free-living photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides, and show that it confers cell adhesion properties in vivo. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • We found that its protein MceF redirects GPX4 to the mitochondria, where it acts as a potent anti-oxidant, detoxifying the infected cell and preventing cell components from aging, while allowing replication of the bacterium," said Robson Kriiger Loterio, first author of the article, which derived from his PhD research. (technologynetworks.com)
  • The interest of studying this bacterium in depth lies precisely in its ability to subvert cell functions. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Led by MIT Associate Professor Feng Zhang, who is a McGovern Institute investigator and Broad Institute core member, the team took advantage of a tiny syringe-like injection structure, produced by a bacterium, that naturally binds to insect cells and injects a protein payload into them. (datadance.ai)
  • Once a prepared bacterium has been taken inside the white blood cell , a complex series of biochemical events occurs. (britannica.com)
  • A bacterium-containing vacuole (phagosome) may combine with another vacuole that contains bacterial-degrading proteins ( lysozymes ). (britannica.com)
  • The bacterium may be killed, but its products pass into the bloodstream, where they come in contact with other circulating white blood cells called lymphocytes . (britannica.com)
  • The integration host factor (IHF), a dimer of closely related chains which is suggested to function in genetic recombination as well as in translational and transcriptional control is found in Enterobacteria and viral proteins including the African swine fever virus protein A104R (or LMW5-AR). (wikipedia.org)
  • The involvement of viral DNA-binding proteins in the regulation of virulence genes, transcription, DNA replication, and repair make them significant targets. (mdpi.com)
  • Viral Meningitis Viral meningitis tends to be less severe than acute bacterial meningitis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Granulocytes, specifically neutrophils, help the body fight bacterial infections. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are commonly treated with glycopeptide antibiotics such as teicoplanin. (anl.gov)
  • These potential complications have been illustrated in a recent article in the CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), Serious Bacterial Infections Acquired During Treatment of Patients Given a Diagnosis of Chronic Lyme Disease . (scienceblogs.com)
  • The immune system produces a complex range of proteins and chemicals to protect against infections, allergies and cancer. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Antibiotics like amoxicillin are medicines that treat bacterial infections. (healthline.com)
  • Tetracyclines are a group of antibiotics with anti-inflammatory properties that can treat several bacterial infections. (healthline.com)
  • Here we demonstrate a de novo synthesis approach based on a cell-free translation system. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Penicillin G interferes with the synthesis of cell wall mucopeptide during active multiplication, resulting in bactericidal activity against susceptible microorganisms. (medscape.com)
  • It interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis during active replication, causing bactericidal activity against susceptible organisms. (medscape.com)
  • It inhibits bacterial growth, possibly by blocking dissociation of peptidyl tRNA from ribosomes, causing RNA-dependent protein synthesis to arrest. (medscape.com)
  • The team made eCISs that targeted cancer cells expressing the EGF receptor and showed that they killed almost 100 percent of the cells, but did not affect cells without the receptor. (datadance.ai)
  • The capacity of pneumococci to adhere to and infect lower airway cells is mediated by host-expressed platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR). (cdc.gov)
  • In earlier work, we established that 20E, signaling through a canonical nuclear hormone receptor pathway, is required for PGRP-LC expression both in cultured cells and in adult flies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Indeed, while MRSA's alpha-toxin binds the host receptor ADAM10 on exosomes in wildtype mice, destroying the vesicles, in mice lacking ATG16L1, alpha-toxin binds ADAM10 on host cells, forming a pore and killing cells (3). (the-scientist.com)
  • The team found that the innate immune receptor TLR9 senses bacterial DNA in human and mouse cells and triggers exosome release, although the team hasn't yet determined all the steps in the pathway. (the-scientist.com)
  • The research group has focused on the protein Feronia, a receptor kinase protein found in plant cells. (isaaa.org)
  • The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor on target cells and is the immunodominant target of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) identified from convalescent and postvaccination plasma 3 . (nature.com)
  • Yanhai Yin, ISU professor and chair of genetics, development and cell biology and corresponding author of the paper, said the positive association Feronia shares with growth and disease response means it has great potential to be targeted by plant breeders who want to develop crops that can withstand disease without sacrificing growth. (isaaa.org)
  • Recombinant proteins containing tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains were constructed and confirmation of the binding capacity to Hsc70 was assessed by ELISA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, you will have the opportunity to learn microbiologic and immunologic techniques and to express and purify recombinant proteins. (lu.se)
  • We designed a protein biosensor that uses thermodynamic coupling for sensitive and rapid detection of neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants in serum. (nature.com)
  • 2. Investigate associated acute phase reactive proteins/cells of neonatal sepsis o Specific: this study aims to 1. (who.int)
  • In acute meningitis, regardless of presentation, a lumbar puncture (LP) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination are indicated to identify the causative organism and, in bacterial meningitis, the antibiotic sensitivities. (medscape.com)
  • in these processes, bacterial DNA binding proteins have an architectural role, maintaining structural integrity as transcription, recombination, replication, or any other DNA-dependent process proceeds. (wikipedia.org)
  • The role of single-stranded DNA binding (SSB) protein during DNA replication in Escherichia coli cells has been studied, specifically the interactions between SSB and the χ subunit of DNA polymerase III in environments of varying salt concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
  • In DNA replication at the lagging strand site, DNA polymerase III removes nucleotides individually from the DNA binding protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • For less potent cell lines, protein levels are typically ~0.1 mG/L. The presence of the SV40 replication origin will result in high levels of DNA replication in SV40 replication permissive COS cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Moxifloxacin inhibits the A subunits of DNA gyrase, resulting in the inhibition of bacterial DNA replication and transcription. (medscape.com)
  • FtsK is a bifunctional transmembrane protein that coordinates chromosome segregation with its C-terminus (FtsKC) and cell division with its membrane-anchored N-terminal domain (FtsKN). (uoguelph.ca)
  • To find out, Torres, Cadwell, and graduate student Matthew Keller depleted the autophagy protein ATG16L1 in a human cell line and found that the cells then displayed unusually high numbers of a transmembrane protein called ADAM10 on their surfaces. (the-scientist.com)
  • On the outside of one end of the eCIS are tail fibers that recognize specific receptors on the cell surface and latch on. (datadance.ai)
  • Previous research has shown that eCISs can naturally target insect and mouse cells, but Kreitz thought it might be possible to modify them to deliver proteins to human cells by re-engineering the tail fibers to bind to different receptors. (datadance.ai)
  • DAP-type PGN is sensed by two receptors, both members of the peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRPs) family of receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among them, the cell receptors for the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and adrenaline, which are successfully targeted by medications that boost or stem the levels of these nerve-signaling chemicals to treat a range of conditions, including cardiac and respiratory diseases. (harvard.edu)
  • Here, we build large, intact carboxysome shells (over 90 nm in diameter) in the industrial microorganism Escherichia coli by expressing a set of carboxysome protein-encoding genes. (nature.com)
  • Genes for fundamental cell division proteins, FtsZ, FtsA, and ZipA, were expressed inside the lipid compartment of giant vesicles (GVs). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Of note, the genes encoding these effectors and immunity proteins are widely distributed in Salmonella genomes, suggesting a relevant role in interbacterial competition and virulence. (frontiersin.org)
  • Reallocation of these proteins in cellular mitochondria enables mammalian cells to live longer even when they're infected with a very large bacterial burden," said Dario Zamboni, one of the corresponding authors of the article and a professor at the Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP-USP). (technologynetworks.com)
  • Easy-to-use AllPrep Bacterial/Fungal DNA/RNA/Protein Kits isolate total nucleic acids and cellular proteins from Gram (+/-) bacterial cultures and fungal cell cultures. (qiagen.com)
  • Then, in 2016, a team of Harvard Medical School scientists discovered that a previously unsuspected family of proteins that regulate cell division and cell shape had a secret skill: building bacterial walls. (harvard.edu)
  • Some antibiotics break down cell walls, while others inhibit protein production. (healthline.com)
  • Ideal for cases of low-level expression in mammalian cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Our mammalian expression vectors contain the strong CMV promoter for high-level constitutive expression in mammalian cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • we believe they could one day be used to deliver material to mammalian cells. (harvard.edu)
  • In addition, we are also investigating the mechanism of partitioning chemotaxis proteins that regulate flagellar based motility. (uwm.edu)
  • We focus our studies on the chemotaxis systems within Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and seek to elucidate how protein localization is correlated to function. (uwm.edu)
  • Effects of Outer Membrane Protein TolC on the Transport of Escherichia coli within Saturated Quartz Sands. (uwm.edu)
  • In this capacity, we hypothesize that FtsK must modulate septum formation during division through the formation of dynamic and essential protein interactions with both the Z-ring and late stage division machinery. (uoguelph.ca)
  • In addition to working on specific biological systems, e.g. in bacterial cell division, we are developing methods for measurement, data analysis and simulation of interactions. (bbk.ac.uk)
  • the objective of this thesis was to characterize the protein-protein interactions that coordinate this process. (mcgill.ca)
  • abstract = "Cell division is the most dynamic event in the cell cycle. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Increased expression of specific heat shock proteins (HSPs) in CD patients protects intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) from death. (dal.ca)
  • All M-types tested adhered to and were internalized into epithelial cells. (lu.se)
  • In molecular biology, bacterial DNA binding proteins are a family of small, usually basic proteins of about 90 residues that bind DNA and are known as histone-like proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • But in synthetic biology, R bodies now represent a whole new way of controlling delivery of beneficial molecules such as biologic therapies, pharmaceutical drugs or other payloads to specific cells. (harvard.edu)
  • The projects feature state-of-the-art methods for the investigation of cell biology, such as flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, protein interaction analyses using the proximity-ligation assay and Biacore, and genetic manipulation employing the Cas9/CRISPR system. (lu.se)
  • We aim to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for these novel functions of COMP, particularly those related to basic cell biology and tumor immunology. (lu.se)
  • Indiscriminate use of antibiotics in clinical use as well as in food production in western countries has changed the bacterial composition of our body, causing dysbiosis (microbial imbalance), and coinciding with a dramatic increase in allergic disorders like asthma and food allergies. (sciencedaily.com)
  • 2. Determine the susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates to commonly used antibiotics. (who.int)
  • Patients with cirrhosis have an underabundance of commensal microbes, an overabundance of pathogenic microbes, and reduced gut microbiome diversity, as well as gut barrier damage and bacterial translocation. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, this study aims to assess the causative bacterial species, their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and possible associated risk factors of neonatal sepsis. (who.int)
  • Unlike crystals that are grown for soluble proteins (usually to 100 µm in size), the MP crystals of the ExbB-ExbD complex that we reproducibly grow in lipidic cubic phase are "showers", only 5 to 10 µm in all dimensions. (mcgill.ca)
  • In this prototype solar cell, photosynthetic proteins (spheres embedded in yellow peptides) absorb light and pump electrons (e-) into a silver electrode. (sciencenews.org)
  • The buds then detach as small bubbles, which eventually "pop," allowing the peptides to be released inside the cell. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Alpha-toxin is one of its favorites, forming a cylinder of sharp peptides that punches a hole in the host cell, popping it. (the-scientist.com)
  • The carboxysome is a specialized bacterial organelle that encapsulates enzymes into a virus-like protein shell and plays essential roles in photosynthetic carbon fixation. (nature.com)
  • Fasciclin I (FAS1) domains have important roles in cell adhesion, which are not understood despite many structural and functional studies. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Specifically, the protein's molecular profile reveals structural features reminiscent of other proteins whose architecture Kruse has disassembled. (harvard.edu)
  • For BMCs, the shell is already made of proteins, so the shell proteins of BMCs not only have a structural role, they are also responsible for selective substrate transfer across the protein membrane. (sciencedaily.com)
  • These results suggest that a trace amount of HAP induces bacterial cell death and the death is related with reactive oxygen species (ROS). (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, reactive oxygen species generation or a change in cell volume was not necessary for NLRP3 activation. (nih.gov)
  • We hope our approach will be used to further identify new growth inhibitors and their targets across bacterial species and in higher organisms. (eurekalert.org)
  • Recently, efforts have been made to reconstruct it using the individual component proteins to obtain a better understanding of the process of self-reproduction of cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The intact shell and component proteins were crystallized at Berkeley Lab, and X-ray diffraction data were collected at Berkeley Lab's Advanced Light Source and the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, both DOE Office of Science User Facilities. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The synthesized proteins showed polymerization, membrane localization, and eventually membrane deformation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • An opsonin generally is a protein substance, such as one of the circulating immunoglobulins or complement components. (britannica.com)
  • 4. Investigate the utility of some biomarkers (e.g. complement reactive proteins, pro- calcitonin) and inflammatory cells in detecting neonatal sepsis. (who.int)
  • Unlocking the Mysteries of the Immune System: new Roles of complement proteins in Diabetes and Cancer. (lu.se)
  • We found very high levels of expression of the central complement protein, C3, and complement inhibitor CD59 in human pancreatic islets. (lu.se)
  • In blood, complement proteins are a major component and perhaps therefore most of these were identified already decades ago. (lu.se)
  • Expression of COMP in breast cancer tissue Complement-dependent cytotoxicity is one of the mechanisms by which therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are toxic to cancer cells. (lu.se)
  • Here, we tested whether ALKBH6 plays a significant role in preventing alkylating DNA damage and decreasing genomic instability in pancreatic cancer cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • In particular, the loss of ALKBH6 in human pancreatic cancer cells increases alkylating agent-induced DNA damage and significantly decreases cell survival. (frontiersin.org)
  • Overall, our data suggest that ALKBH6 is required to maintain the integrity of the genome and promote cell survival of pancreatic cancer cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • The extremely low 5-year overall survival of patients is, in part, due to pancreatic cancer cells having several mechanisms of resistance to different chemotherapeutic treatments, one of which is their capacity to efficiently repair alkylating agent-induced DNA damage. (frontiersin.org)
  • Priaary structure of alpha-lytic protease: a bacterial homologue of the pancreatic serine proteases. (genome.jp)
  • Our goal is to gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and implications of C3 and CD59 in pancreatic β-cell function and diabetes. (lu.se)
  • Insights derived from this new teicoplanin structure may contribute to the development of next-generation antibacterials designed to overcome bacterial resistance. (anl.gov)
  • Two of these proteins, rare lipoprotein A (RlpA) and FtsA, were confirmed as direct FtsKN protein interactors by in vitro pull-down assays. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Recent advances and future prospects in bacterial and archaeal locomotion and signal transduction. (uwm.edu)
  • These materials are designed to be non-fouling, meaning that protein adsorption and subsequent microbial adhesion are minimized. (mdpi.com)
  • HU is a small (10 kDa) bacterial DNA-binding protein, which structurally differs from a eukaryotic histone but functionally acts similarly to a histone by inducing negative supercoiling into circular DNA with the assistance of topoisomerase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inhibition of pyomelanin production results in increased sensitivity to oxidative stress, and results in increased bacterial death. (uwm.edu)
  • Elucidate the structure, dynamics and functions of intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions (IDPs/IDRs) and their biological regulation by Post-translational modifications. (upstate.edu)
  • These machines, called extracellular contractile injection systems (eCISs), consist of a rigid tube inside a sheath that contracts, driving a spike on the end of the tube through the cell membrane. (datadance.ai)
  • Without it, MAC can burst red blood cells when the immune system is turned on, causing human disease. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Following elution, the protein readily binds DNA, indicating the protein's high affinity for DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some applications, including 2D SDS-PAGE and solution phase proteolytic digestion for mass spectrometry, may require an additional detergent removal step following protein elution. (qiagen.com)
  • Complete blood count with some serological markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), Amyloid A and pro-calcitonin are being used to support the diagnosis. (who.int)
  • In addition, it wil investigate associated reactive proteins (CRP, Pro-calcitonin) and cel ular response during neonatal sepsis in major NICUs in Sana'a. (who.int)
  • Bacteriologist Victor Torres and cell biologist Ken Cadwell , both of New York University Grossman School of Medicine, had found in previous work that a key protein involved in autophagy also makes mice less susceptible to MRSA and alpha-toxin. (the-scientist.com)
  • To find out, Torres, Cadwell, and graduate student Matthew Keller depleted the autophagy protein ATG16L1 in a human cell line and found that. (the-scientist.com)
  • In wild-type mice, host cells respond by releasing exosomes studded with the protein ADAM10, which act as decoys, but mice deficient in an autophagy protein called ATG16L1 release far fewer of the decoy exosomes (2), indicating the autophagy protein is necessary to mount an effective exosome response. (the-scientist.com)
  • Further experiments revealed that ATG16L1 and other autophagy proteins regulated the cultured cells' release of exosomes, small bubbles of cytosol wrapped in plasma membrane and studded with the cell's own proteins. (the-scientist.com)
  • When the cultured cells had normal levels of autophagy proteins and were exposed to bacterial DNA, they released far more exosomes laden with ADAM10 than did the ATG16L1-deficient cells. (the-scientist.com)
  • We found that C3 regulates process of autophagy and cell survival upon stress and now we aim to investigate what role C3 may play in β-cell physiology and islet inflammation. (lu.se)
  • The naturally designed architecture, semi-permeability, and catalytic improvement of carboxysomes have inspired rational design and engineering of new nanomaterials to incorporate desired enzymes into the protein shell for enhanced catalytic performance. (nature.com)
  • After FMT, fecal proteomics detected 301 proteins composed of 154 of human origin - mostly related to gut barrier protection - and 147 of bacterial origin - mostly enzymes - at days 7, 30, and up to 90. (medscape.com)
  • Muselmani, Wael and Kashif-Khan, Naail and Bagneris, Claire and Santangelo, Rosalia and Williams, Mark A and Savva, Renos (2023) A multimodal approach towards genomic identification of protein inhibitors of Uracil-DNA Glycosylase . (bbk.ac.uk)
  • March 28, 2023 - A woman with leukemia is likely cured of HIV after receiving a transplant including stem cells from banked umbilical cord blood. (nih.gov)
  • In this review, we assess the potential role of putative gut microbiota products in the etiopathogeny of Parkinson's disease, with a special emphasis on functional bacterial amyloid proteins, bacterial biosurfactants, endotoxins and short-chain fatty acids. (techscience.com)
  • But the mechanics of how these proteins enter human cells were a scientific mystery. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Because MAC is such a powerful killing machine, human cells need a way to protect themselves from MAC. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • A small protein on the surface of human cells called CD59 is the body's last line of defence against MAC. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • However, there is a downside to CD59, as it can also be hijacked by bacterial proteins to target human cells for invasion. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The human body contains approximately ten times as many bacterial cells as human cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The strong human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter regulatory region drives constitutive protein expression levels as high as 1 mG/L in COS cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Human Cells Ward Off Bacterial Invaders With a Protein That Behaves Like Soap. (discovery.com)
  • Two general types of lymphocytes-T cells and B cells-are of great importance in protecting the human host. (britannica.com)
  • Further, when the germ-free mice were fed with a component of bacterial cell wall called LPS, the lung dendritic cells started instructing B cells to produce IgA again. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Isolate and identify bacterial agents responsible for neonatal sepsis in major hospitals in Sana'a city, Yemen. (who.int)
  • Alpha-toxin binds to ADAM10 in order to puncture the cell, and when these cells were treated with alpha-toxin, they were more likely to die than control cells that had normal levels of ATG16L1. (the-scientist.com)
  • We adapted a designed coronavirus spike RBD biosensor 9 consisting of a switchable lucCageRBD protein containing a 'cage' domain, which in the closed state of the sensor binds a 'latch' domain containing the picomolar affinity RBD binding LCB1 protein 10 , and a lucKey protein that binds to the open state of the sensor, reconstituting luciferase activity 11 . (nature.com)
  • What makes us excited is that this protein has a fairly discrete pocket that looks like it could be easily and effectively targeted with a drug that binds to it and interferes with the protein's ability to do its job," said study co-senior author David Rudner , professor of microbiology and immunobiology at Harvard Medical School. (harvard.edu)
  • A chemical compound-an inhibitor-that binds to this pocket would interfere with the protein's ability to synthesize and maintain the bacterial wall," Rudner said. (harvard.edu)
  • Is the Subject Area "Outer membrane proteins" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
  • One particular feature caught the scientists' attention-a pocket-like cavity facing the outer surface of the protein. (harvard.edu)
  • We use FhuA from E. coli as a model bacterial outer MP. (mcgill.ca)
  • Each antibacterial effector gene is located upstream of a gene encoding a hypothetic immunity protein, thus conforming an effector/immunity (E/I) module. (frontiersin.org)
  • Drawing on advanced molecular techniques and imaging technologies, this thesis refines the membrane topology of FtsKN using site-directed fluorescence labeling, and elucidates several protein interaction partners that are critical for its role as an essential division checkpoint. (uoguelph.ca)
  • The possible roles of molecular hydrogen, a common by-product of bacterial fermentation, are also addressed. (techscience.com)
  • This is a really beautiful example of how protein engineering can alter the biological activity of a natural system," says Joseph Kreitz, the study's first author, a graduate student in biological engineering at MIT, and a member of Zhang's lab. (datadance.ai)
  • Compartmentalization is a ubiquitous building principle in cells, which permits segregation of biological elements and reactions. (nature.com)
  • It was noted by the authors that this method was free from interferences from proteins and bacterial cells so it might have applicability to biological fluids such as blood or urine. (cdc.gov)