• Cargoes include both protein factors that are part of the ciliary backbone (known as the axoneme) as well as certain signaling factors such as G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that function in the ciliary membrane to transfer extracellular information to the interior of the cell. (au.dk)
  • The long term goal of our research is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which proteins are targeted to specific and distinct compartments. (stanford.edu)
  • As a sub-objective, since PDE10A transcript variants were reported strictly through analyses of bovine genomic sequence, we also wanted to determine the nucleotide and amino acid sequences by experimental evidence. (plos.org)
  • Since it has an amine-reactive succinimidyl group, fluorescein derived from CFSE can covalently bond to proteins or other amino groups in the cell or on the cell membrane. (dojindo.com)
  • Fluorescent dyes with aromatic amino or guanidine groups, such as propidium iodide (PI), diaminophenylindole (DAPI), acridine orange (AO), and Hoechst dyes, interact with nucleotides to emit fluorescence. (dojindo.com)
  • My lab focuses on the mechanisms that generate specific microtubule arrays in polarised cells, the dynamic interactions of microtubule tips with intracellular structures and the cell cortex to control cell shape changes and the transport along microtubule arrays mediated by dynein and kinesins. (mechanochemistry.org)
  • EMBO J 2016) and determined the structures of several IFT proteins, which have significantly informed us on IFT complex assembly and function (see figure). (au.dk)
  • We also determined the structures of factors involved in the IFT of large protein complexes known as Outer-Dynein-Arms (ODAs) required for the beating of motile cilia (Taschner et al. (au.dk)
  • We also study the NPC1 protein that is essential for cholesterol transport in humans and can lead to Niemann Pick C disease when mutated. (stanford.edu)
  • The eukaryotic cell is organized into different compartments and organelles, which require the directed transport of macromolecules within the cell. (au.dk)
  • Microtubules are essential for chromosome segregation, intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, directed cell migration and differentiation. (mechanochemistry.org)
  • Our research group studies proteins and protein complexes responsible for such intracellular transport that organizes the inner life of eukaryotic cells. (au.dk)
  • In our lab, we use techniques of protein co-expression in bacteria, insect cells and mammalian cells to produce large multi-subunit IFT complexes for structural and biochemical studies. (au.dk)
  • As in somatic cells, sperm intracellular cAMP concentration is regulated by the opposite action of two enzymes: the adenylyl cyclases (AC), which synthesize cAMP from ATP, and the phosphodiesterases (PDE), which break the phosphodiester bond of cAMP to form 5'-adenosine monophosphate (AMP). (plos.org)
  • We purified spike S1 protein from HEK cells for testing the device. (mechanochemistry.org)
  • Fluorogenic esterase substrates that can be passively loaded into viable cells, such as Calcein-AM, BCECFAM, Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE), and Fluorescein diacetate (FDA), are converted by intracellular esterases into fluorescein analogs with green fluorescence. (dojindo.com)
  • A barrier at the base of the cilium separates the organelle from the cell body necessitating active transport of both soluble and membrane associated protein cargoes via IFT. (au.dk)
  • Although a high level of PDE10A gene expression is observed in the testis, information on the identity of the isoforms or on the cell type that express the PDE10 protein is lacking. (plos.org)
  • Here we show that vascular edhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is required for proper cell migration, adhesion, contractility and clonogenic behaviour. (mechanochemistry.org)
  • The most commonly stained cell components are cell membranes, proteins, and nucleotides. (dojindo.com)
  • These compounds are neutral molecules that pass through cell membranes and covalently conjugate with cell proteins. (dojindo.com)
  • Nucleotide staining with fluorescent intercalators is mostly used for dead cell detection. (dojindo.com)
  • Role of mitochondrial calcium transport in failing heart. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Sperm intracellular cAMP levels depend on the activity of adenylyl cyclases, mostly SACY, though transmembrane-containing adenylyl cyclases are also present, and on the activity of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE) whose role is to degrade cAMP into 5'-AMP. (plos.org)
  • Acts as a multispecific organic anion pump which can transport nucleotide analogs. (nih.gov)
  • Fluorogenic esterase substrates that can be passively loaded into viable cells, such as Calcein-AM, BCECFAM, Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE), and Fluorescein diacetate (FDA), are converted by intracellular esterases into fluorescein analogs with green fluorescence. (dojindo.com)
  • Creatine kinase is known to interact with mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) in the transfer of ADP and ATP into and out of the mitochondria. (scirp.org)
  • A. Dorner and H. P. Schultheiss, "Adenine Nucleotide Translocase in the Focus of Cardiovascular Diseases," Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, Vol. 17, No. 8, 2007, pp. 284-290. (scirp.org)
  • J. D. Sharer, J. F. Shern, H. Van Valkenburgh and D. C. Wallace and R. A. Kahn, "ARL2 and BART Enter Mitochondria and Bind the Adenine Nucleotide Transporter," Molecular Biology of the Cell, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2002, pp. 71-83. (scirp.org)
  • Studies show that this protein provides resistance to thiopurine anticancer drugs, 6-mercatopurine and thioguanine, and the anti-HIV drug 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine. (nih.gov)
  • The minimum urancestral FSF set reveals the urancestor had advanced metabolic capabilities, was especially rich in nucleotide metabolism enzymes, had pathways for the biosynthesis of membrane sn1,2 glycerol ester and ether lipids, and had crucial elements of translation, including a primordial ribosome with protein synthesis capabilities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These compounds are neutral molecules that pass through cell membranes and covalently conjugate with cell proteins. (dojindo.com)
  • Since it has an amine-reactive succinimidyl group, fluorescein derived from CFSE can covalently bond to proteins or other amino groups in the cell or on the cell membrane. (dojindo.com)
  • Probe Set ID Ref Seq Protein ID Signal Strength Name Gene Symbol Species Function Swiss-Prot ID Amino Acid Sequence 1367452_at NP_598278 16.52 small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 precursor Sumo2 Rattus norvegicus " Ubiquitin-like protein that can be covalently attached to proteins as a monomer or as a lysine-linked polymer. (nih.gov)
  • By comparing the infected and un-infected proteome of SHK-1 cells, we observed changes in cellular and ROS homeostasis, innate immune response, microtubules and actin cytoskeleton organization and dynamics, alteration in phagosome components, iron transport and metabolism, and amino acids, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolism, together with an overall energy and ATP production alteration. (preprints.org)
  • b ) An overview of phytoplasma metabolism and transport. (nature.com)
  • One reason this synthesis has not emerged is that we simply don't know how the cell "reads" and processes information inherent in the lipid composition of a membrane and integrates it into interactions with integral and peripheral membrane proteins. (nih.gov)
  • These proteins, called ADP-ribosylation factors, or Arfs, have recently been found to 1) interact with specific lipid components of membranes, 2) modify the lipid composition and release potential second messengers through activation of phospholipase D (PLD), and 3) regulate the assembly of at least a subset of protein complexes or membrane coats (for reviews, see refs. (nih.gov)
  • A role for Arf proteins in membrane traffic has now been confirmed by several independent techniques. (nih.gov)
  • We learned this from in vitro assays of membrane traffic, including those for intra-Golgi transport and nuclear vesicle and endosome fusion, which are inhibited by GTPgS and require the addition of cytosol or a cytosolic factor (7,8). (nih.gov)
  • ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. (nih.gov)
  • Although this exciting development should not be minimized, what is lacking from the emerging models of regulated and constitutive endo- and exocytosis is an integrated view encompassing the roles of these proteins and of the lipid components in membranes. (nih.gov)
  • The most commonly stained cell components are cell membranes, proteins, and nucleotides. (dojindo.com)
  • Similar to results obtained with anti-ANT, the fusion GFP-ANT protein is detected in myofibrils and mitochondria. (scirp.org)
  • These results raise the possibility that direct channeling of nucleotides between mitochondria and myofibrils is assisted by an ANT protein thereby circumventing the need for a phosphagen shuttle in the IFM. (scirp.org)
  • The myofibrillar ANT may represent a unique adaptation in the muscles that require efficient exchange of nucleotides between mitochondria and myofibrils. (scirp.org)
  • E. Pebay-Peyroula and G. Brandolin, "Nucleotide Exchange in Mitochondria: Insight at a Molecular Level," Current Opinion in Structural Biology, Vol. 14, No. 4, 2004, pp. 420-425. (scirp.org)
  • Since mitochondria have electron transport systems, they can be stained with various redox dyes. (dojindo.com)
  • This export contributes to the degradation of phosphodiesterases and possibly an elimination pathway for cyclic nucleotides. (nih.gov)
  • Polymeric SUMO2 chains are also susceptible to polyubiquitination which functions as a signal for proteasomal degradation of modified proteins (By similarity). (nih.gov)
  • Some portray biological membranes as molecular putty readily fashioned into different shapes (vesicles, tubes, and sheets) by proteins or protein complexes. (nih.gov)
  • In short, Arf proteins appear to be both sensors of the lipid environment and transducers of information (including information inherent in lipids), which results in changes in Arf activities and the consequent assembly of protein structures on the membranes. (nih.gov)
  • Coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Selective ligands are being used as pharmacological probes to determine the role of extracellular nucleotides in the brain and in peripheral tissues. (nih.gov)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. (nih.gov)
  • The products of these genes can be conveniently (but not always accurately) lumped into four sub-families of the Ras superfamily: the Ras, Rab, Rho, and Arf proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Arfs are ubiquitous in eukaryotes, are very highly conserved both structurally and functionally, and exchange guanine nucleotides in a complex, highly regulated fashion that is sensitive to lipids, salts, and divalent metals. (nih.gov)
  • Localization of Arf proteins to the cytosolic side of (predominantly) cis -Golgi structures, and later other Golgi-related structures, further supports the conclusion that a major site of Arf action in mammalian cells is the Golgi complex. (nih.gov)
  • In two of these cases (intra-Golgi transport and nuclear vesicle fusion), the cytosolic factor was purified to homogeneity and shown unambiguously to be an Arf protein. (nih.gov)
  • Independent studies have confirmed roles for Arf proteins in the movement of proteins out of the ER and Golgi and in endocytosis. (nih.gov)
  • This post-translational modification on lysine residues of proteins plays a crucial role in a number of cellular processes such as nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis and signal transduction. (nih.gov)
  • This protein functions in the cellular export of its substrate, cyclic nucleotides. (nih.gov)
  • some of them related to key functions for bacterial survival in other intracellular pathogens. (preprints.org)
  • To confirm this unexpected result, we created a transgenic line that expresses a chimeric GFP-ANT protein and used an anti-GFP antibody to determine the intracellular distribution of the fusion protein in the IFM. (scirp.org)
  • Unlike vertebrate muscle that relies on a phosphagen (creatine phosphate/creatine kinase) system to regulate high energy phosphate flux, insect flight muscle has been reported to lack mitochondrial arginine kinase (analogous to creatine kinase), a key enzyme that enables intracellular energy transport. (scirp.org)
  • The ternary complex containing UFD1L, VCP and NPLOC4 binds ubiquitinated proteins and is necessary for the export of misfolded proteins from the ER to the cytoplasm, where they are degraded by the proteasome. (nih.gov)
  • This may be the result of reductive evolution as a consequence of life as an intracellular parasite in a nutrient-rich environment. (nature.com)
  • Is the Subject Area "Nucleotides" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
  • Description of the protein which includes the UniProt Function and the NCBI Gene Summary. (nih.gov)
  • The outer circle shows predicted protein-coding regions on the plus strand classified by function using the color code at the bottom of the figure. (nature.com)