• The intrathalamic grafts of rats which had received a low dose of apomorphine (0.25 mg/kg) 2 h before perfusion showed clusters of intensely Fos-immunoreactive nuclei throughout the transplant, indicating that these cells had developed dopamine receptors and supersensitivity to dopamine agonists. (shengsci.com)
  • In these cells, the ERK1/2 pathway is potently activated by Gq protein-coupled receptor agonists (such as endothelin-1 or alpha-adrenergic agonists), which activate protein kinase C isoforms. (reading.ac.uk)
  • Here, we review the mechanisms associated with the activation of the ERK1/2 pathway by these agonists with particular emphasis on signal integration into the pathway. (reading.ac.uk)
  • Alpha-2 agonists often have a sedating effect and are commonly used as anesthesia enhancers in surgery, as well as in treatment of drug or alcohol dependence . (wikipedia.org)
  • This chapter discusses two groups of drugs that affect the sympathetic nervous system-adrenergic agonists, or sympathomimetics , and adrenergic antagonists, also called adrenergic blockers or sympatholytics -along with their dosages and uses. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Intravenous (IV) adrenergic agonists and antagonists are high-alert medications because they can cause significant harm to a patient in the event of a medication error. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system are called adrenergic agonists, adrenergics, or sympathomimetics because they mimic the sympathetic neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • β2-adrenergic agonists attenuate organic dust-induced lung inflammation. (cdc.gov)
  • β2-Adrenergic receptor agonists (β2-agonists) activate PKA, and we hypothesized that β2-agonists would beneficially impact HDE-induced adverse airway inflammatory consequences. (cdc.gov)
  • In striatal neurons in primary culture, both the CB1 receptor agonist [3-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-11-hydroxy-Δ 8 tetrahydrocannabinol] (HU210) and the D2 receptor agonist quinpirole inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation when applied separately. (jneurosci.org)
  • Isoprenaline is a catecholamine non-selective beta-adrenergic agonist typically used to treat bradycardia and heart block. (drugbank.com)
  • Isoprenaline is a non-selective beta adrenergic receptor agonist used in a number of indications for the heart, as well as bronchospasm in anesthesia. (drugbank.com)
  • Isoprenaline is a non-selective beta adrenergic receptor agonist. (drugbank.com)
  • Guanabenz, an alpha2-selective adrenergic agonist and GADD34 functional inhibitor, was identified to enhance the efficacy of sunitinib by targeting GADD34-induced protective autophagy in glioblastoma cells, TMZ-resistant cells, hypoxic cultured cells, sphere-forming cells, and colony formation abilities. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • This study was designed to investigate the effects of clonidine and yohimbine, an alpha-2 ( α 2 ) adrenoceptor agonist and antagonist respectively in the tail flick and hot plate tests. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim of the experiment was to study the role of the noradrenergic receptor system in the NMRs using the receptor agonist clonidine and antagonist yohimbine in the tail flick and hot plate tests, in order to establish whether NMR can be used as animal model for noradrenergic mechanisms in thermal antinociception. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Specifically it is both an alpha and beta adrenergic agonist (you may remember clenbuterol is a selective beta-2 agonist). (roids360.net)
  • In addition, Ephedrine HCL Injection enhances the release of norepinephrine, a strong endogenous alpha agonist. (roids360.net)
  • This augmentation was blocked by the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A or the D2 antagonist sulpride. (jneurosci.org)
  • The EP4 receptor antagonist, L-161,982, blocks prostaglandin E2-induced signal transduction and cell proliferation in HCA-7 colon cancer cells. (research.com)
  • DESYREL (trazodone hydrochloride) tablets for oral administration contain trazodone hydrochloride, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and 5HT2 receptor antagonist . (rxlist.com)
  • Sunitinib, a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is currently being tested as therapy for glioblastomas. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Further, emerging evidence suggests that nicotine can also regulate the expression of genes/proteins involved in various functions such as ERK1/2, CREB, and c-FOS [ 20 - 22 ], as well as the expression state of multiple biochemical pathways, for example, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol phosphatase signaling, growth factor signaling, and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways [ 23 - 25 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a member of the Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase family, is characterized as a key regulator in inflammatory and apoptosis signaling pathways. (shengsci.com)
  • In the alveoli, agonism of beta-2 adrenergic receptors, activates similar pathways to the heart, however the end result is regulation of sodium channels, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and sodium potassium ATPase. (drugbank.com)
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate functional genetic polymorphisms of physiologic pathways related to the regulation of the cardiovascular function (alpha-adrenergic receptors, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and bradykinin B2 receptor) and exercise muscle vasodilatation in apparently healthy men and women. (scipedia.com)
  • Enzymes and receptors of prostaglandin pathways with arachidonic acid-derived versus eicosapentaenoic acid-derived substrates and products. (research.com)
  • It binds to alpha-adrenergic receptors in the nasal mucosa. (drugbank.com)
  • Because it crosses the blood-brain barrier so that the the alpha receptors it binds are ones in the CNS instead of on the effector organ. (proprofs.com)
  • This means that the alpha receptors it binds to are located in the central nervous system (CNS) rather than on the effector organ, which in this case is the heart. (proprofs.com)
  • Epinephrine binds both α and β adrenergic receptors to cause vasoconstriction and vasodilation. (meltingpointathens.com)
  • T3 binds to the nuclear receptor (TR) and combines with another receptor (RXR) then combines with a receptor element on DNA. (cdc.gov)
  • It binds on the DNA, exerting an effect on DNA to regulate the synthesis of proteins regulated by DNA. (cdc.gov)
  • Cannabinoids act at the CB1 receptor to inhibit adenylate cyclase activity via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein. (jneurosci.org)
  • whereas dopamine D2 receptors inhibit adenylate cyclase via G i -proteins ( Sibley and Monsma, 1992 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Previously, CB1 receptors have been shown to inhibit D1 receptor-mediated cAMP accumulation ( Bidaut-Russell and Howlett, 1991 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • The present data indicate that activated alpha 2-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors inhibit dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channels via pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins without the involvement of a cAMP-dependent intermediate step. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • This means that they block or inhibit the activity of the α1 receptors. (proprofs.com)
  • cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)-activating agents can inhibit PKC activation in epithelial cells, leading to reduced inflammatory cytokine production following HDE exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • The signal may stimulate or inhibit the receiving cell, depending on the neurotransmitter and receptor involved. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Autoantibodies (AAB) against nuclear and membrane structures as well as neurotransmitter receptors including muscarinic cholinergic receptor M3/M4-antibodies (M3-mAChR/M4-mAChR) and beta-1 and -2-adrenergic receptor (beta1-AR/beta2-AR) have been described in patients with ME/CFS ( 3 , 6 - 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The beta-1 adrenergic receptor (β 1 adrenoceptor), also known as ADRB1, is a beta-adrenergic receptor, and also denotes the human gene encoding it. (meltingpointathens.com)
  • Two subtypes of cannabinoid receptors have been identified. (jneurosci.org)
  • There are 3 alpha-1-AR subtypes: alpha-1A, -1B and -1D, all of which signal through the Gq/11 family of G-proteins and different subtypes show different patterns of activation. (nih.gov)
  • Nine receptor subtypes have been identified thus far including three alpha-1 AR subtypes (1A/D, 1B, and 1C), three alpha-2 ARs (2A, 2B, and 2C), and three beta AR subtypes (1, 2, and 3). (thermofisher.com)
  • Nicotine, as the primary psychoactive component of tobacco smoke, produces diverse neurophysiological, motivational, and behavioural effects through interactions with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the central nervous system (CNS). (hindawi.com)
  • These antibodies belong to a network of natural antibodies against adrenergic, cholinergic and other G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) which were shown to be dysregulated and dysfunctional in various autoimmune diseases ( 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • These drugs bind to α1 receptors and activate them, leading to vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure. (proprofs.com)
  • Through various cellular signaling mechanisms, hormones and medications activate the beta-1 receptor. (meltingpointathens.com)
  • Water-alcohol extracts activate detoxification processes, support tissue renewal, intensify protein synthesis, stabilize cell membrane structure, and prevent prostatic hyperplasia. (crossthelimits.co.uk)
  • Only dopamine can activate these receptors. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • These receptors classify as G-protein coupled receptors with either inhibitory or excitatory effects and different binding affinities to norepinephrine. (meltingpointathens.com)
  • In these patients the expression of the inhibitory G-protein G (i) is increased. (meltingpointathens.com)
  • EP(4) prostanoid receptor coupling to a pertussis toxin-sensitive inhibitory G protein. (research.com)
  • Depending on the receptor, the response may be excitatory or inhibitory. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Norepinephrine can then go on to bind three main receptors: alpha1 (alpha-1), alpha-2, and beta receptors. (meltingpointathens.com)
  • The four main receptors are alpha 1 , alpha 2 , beta 1 , and beta 2 , which mediate the major responses described in Table 15.1 and illustrated in Fig. 15.1 . (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Prazosin is thought to produce alpha-adrenergic blockade in a different way from the classical alpha-blockers phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine.2 The unusual side effects of prazosin, frequency of micturition and incontinence of urine, have been attributed to this alpha-blocking action.5 We now consider priapism a potential hazard of treatment with prazosin. (erowid.org)
  • Pertussis toxin treatment of striatal neurons prevented the inhibition of cAMP accumulation by D2 receptors but unmasked a cannabinoid receptor-mediated stimulatory effect on cAMP accumulation. (jneurosci.org)
  • Similar augmentation of cAMP accumulation after pertussis toxin treatment was observed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with, and stably expressing, the CB1 receptor. (jneurosci.org)
  • Treatment of the pertussis toxin-treated cells with cholera toxin before CB1 receptor activation amplified the stimulatory pathway, suggesting that this response was mediated through a G s -type G-protein. (jneurosci.org)
  • Stimulation of cAMP accumulation was not observed after pertussis toxin treatment of CHO cells expressing the human CB2 receptor, suggesting that this novel signaling pathway is unique to the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. (jneurosci.org)
  • Pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin or intracellular infusion of the GDP analogue guanosine-5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) was without effects on the control Ca2+ channel current but abolished its hormonal inhibition. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Four pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins were identified in membranes of PC-12 cells: two members of the Gi family, Gi1 and Gi2, and two members of the Go family, Go2 and another Go subtype (possibly Go1). (mdc-berlin.de)
  • As reported in an Iowa State University publication, Kanthasamy's group is now looking for additional compounds that also can serve to neutralize protein kinase-C. By identifying more compounds that perform the function of neutralizing kinase-C, notes the report, researchers are more likely to locate one that works well and has few side effects. (digitalnaturopath.com)
  • Structural organization of the human prostaglandin EP3 receptor subtype gene (PTGER3). (shengsci.com)
  • Prostaglandin EP3 receptor subtype is a seven-membrane-spanning protein with multiple C-terminal tails generated by alternative mRNA splicing. (shengsci.com)
  • Alpha-1-adrenergic receptors (alpha-1-ARs) are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. (nih.gov)
  • Agonism of beta-1 adrenergic receptors lead to increased strength of contractility, conduction of nerve impulses, speed of relaxation, and rate in the heart. (drugbank.com)
  • When beta-1 receptors are stimulated they increase the heart rate and increase the heart's strength of contraction or contractility. (meltingpointathens.com)
  • Stimulation of the beta 1 receptors increases myocardial contractility and heart rate. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • In patients with infection-triggered onset, the associations of low sCD26 with elevated autoantibodies (AAB) against alpha1 adrenergic (AR) and M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) point to a pathomechanism of infection-triggered autoimmune-mediated vascular and immunological dysregulation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Alpha1 adrenergic receptors are a type of adrenergic receptors that play a central role in the sympathetic nervous system-the part of the nervous system that increases heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, and eye pupil size. (meltingpointathens.com)
  • They act on one or more adrenergic receptor sites located in the effector cells of muscles such as the heart, bronchiole walls, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, urinary bladder, and ciliary muscles of the eye. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind briefly to specific receptors on the adjoining neuron or effector cell. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The beta-2 receptors are located in the bronchioles of the lungs and the arteries of the skeletal muscles. (meltingpointathens.com)
  • Due to these unique characteristics, researchers have been bio prospecting NMRs as research animal models for nociception with the aim to further understand mechanisms involved in various biological diseases affecting humans [ 2 , 3 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By binding to α2 receptors in the CNS, clonidine can modulate the release of norepinephrine, resulting in a decrease in sympathetic outflow and ultimately leading to a decrease in heart rate. (proprofs.com)
  • 1 Cyclic AMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylates cardiac L-type calcium channels such as Ca v 1.2. (drugbank.com)
  • Signaling through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 cascade in cardiac myocytes. (reading.ac.uk)
  • The extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) are particularly implicated in the growth response of cardiac myocytes. (reading.ac.uk)
  • Signaling to the nucleus and the regulation of transcription factor activity associated with ERK1/2 activation in cardiac myocytes are also discussed. (reading.ac.uk)
  • It is a G-protein coupled receptor associated with the Gs heterotrimeric G-protein and is expressed predominantly in cardiac tissue. (meltingpointathens.com)
  • This means that while they bind to the receptor in an antagonistic manner, they also stimulate the receptor at the same time. (proprofs.com)
  • The Beta1 Receptor is a generally excitatory GPCR connected to the Gs G-protein. (meltingpointathens.com)
  • A calcium-sensing receptor (Casr) belonging to the metabotropic glutamate family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) that transduces the effects of extracellular calcium in the parathyroid gland as w. (shengsci.com)
  • Abcam: antibodies, proteins, kits. (abcam.com)
  • Serial sections were stained with Cresyl Violet and studied immunohistochemically with antibodies against DARPP-32 (dopamine- and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein, as striatal marker), Fos protein, glutamate decarboxylase (67,000 mol. (shengsci.com)
  • Antibodies that detect beta-1 Adrenergic Receptor can be used in several scientific applications, including Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot, Immunocytochemistry, Flow Cytometry and ELISA. (thermofisher.com)
  • These antibodies target beta-1 Adrenergic Receptor in Human, Mouse, Rat and Non-human primate samples. (thermofisher.com)
  • Our beta-1 Adrenergic Receptor polyclonal antibodies are developed in Rabbit. (thermofisher.com)
  • Choose from 1 of 10 beta-1 Adrenergic Receptor antibodies, which have been validated in experiments with 26 publications and 34 images featured in our data gallery. (thermofisher.com)
  • This gene encodes alpha-1A-adrenergic receptor. (nih.gov)
  • This gene encodes a ubiquitin specific processing protease that was first identified as a substrate of the VHL (von Hippel-Lindau disease) protein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • The transcription of COX-1 yields a 2.7-kilobase (kb) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that encodes a 576-residue, 65-kd protein. (medscape.com)
  • Conversely, the transcription of COX-2 yields a 4.5-kb mRNA that encodes a 70-kd protein with roughly 70-75% homology to the COX-1 protein. (medscape.com)
  • The G-protein beta-gamma complex interacts with adenylyl cyclases via protein-protein interactions with the C1 and C2 cytoplasmic loops of adenylyl cyclase. (reactome.org)
  • 2 Agonism of beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors causes the alpha subunit of G-protein coupled receptors to exchange GMP for GTP, activating them, and allowing the alpha subunit to dissociate from the beta and gamma subunits. (drugbank.com)
  • Agonism of beta-2 adrenergic receptors leads to glycogenolysis in the liver, 5 glucagon release from the pancreas, and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. (drugbank.com)
  • 10 Agonism of beta-2 adrenergic receptors can also increase chloride ion transport across CFTR. (drugbank.com)
  • Find the beta-1 Adrenergic Receptor antibody that fits your needs. (thermofisher.com)
  • Clonidine uniquely stimulates α 2 receptors, yet affects the heart rate which is normally affected by beta receptors. (proprofs.com)
  • Why can this drug affect the heart rate by affecting alpha instead of beta receptors? (proprofs.com)
  • What happens when beta 1 receptors are stimulated? (meltingpointathens.com)
  • Are beta receptors G-protein? (meltingpointathens.com)
  • Background: The beta-adrenergic receptors of the myocardium play an important role in the regulation of heart function. (meltingpointathens.com)
  • The beta-adrenergic receptors belong to the family of G-protein coupled receptors. (meltingpointathens.com)
  • The beta 1 receptor is vital for the normal physiological function of the sympathetic nervous system. (meltingpointathens.com)
  • Targeted activation of the beta-1 receptor increases heart rate, renin release, and lipolysis. (meltingpointathens.com)
  • Do beta receptors cause vasodilation? (meltingpointathens.com)
  • These studies demonstrate that beta(1)-adrenergic receptors play a dominant role in the murine vascular system to mediate vasodilation. (meltingpointathens.com)
  • How does beta-1-adrenergic dysfunction affect the G-protein receptor? (meltingpointathens.com)
  • Beta blockers , which counter some of the effects of noradrenaline by blocking their receptors, are frequently used to treat glaucoma , migraine , and a range of cardiovascular problems. (wikipedia.org)
  • The enzyme encoded by this gene also regulates G-protein coupled receptor signaling by mediating the deubiquitination of beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2). (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • The beta 1 receptors are located primarily in the heart but are also found in the kidney. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • The beta 2 receptors are found mostly in the smooth muscles of the lung and GI tract, the liver, and the uterine muscle. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • FIG. 15.1 Effects of activation of alpha 1 , alpha 2 , beta 1 , and beta 2 receptors. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Specifically it is both an alpha and beta adren. (roids360.net)
  • Stuckey et al19 evaluated whether an 8-week and central alpha 2-1 and beta-adrenergic receptors. (bvsalud.org)
  • His primary scientific interests are in Receptor, Biochemistry, Molecular biology, Prostaglandin E2 receptor and Cell biology. (research.com)
  • His research integrates issues of Signal transduction and Prostaglandin in his study of Receptor. (research.com)
  • His work carried out in the field of Receptor brings together such families of science as Prostaglandin E, Prostaglandin and Kinase. (research.com)
  • Their distinct biosynthetic activity includes an endoperoxidase synthase reaction that oxygenates and cyclizes polyunsaturated fatty acid precursors (eg, arachidonic acid) to form prostaglandin G 2 (PGG2), and a peroxidase reaction that converts PGG2 to prostaglandin H 2 (PGH2), as shown below. (medscape.com)
  • In turn, PGH2 is converted to biologically active products (ie, prostaglandin E 2 [PGE2]) by individual synthase and reductase reactions. (medscape.com)
  • It was shown that in these patients the expression of the beta1-adrenergic receptor is reduced on the mRNA and protein level. (meltingpointathens.com)
  • His Molecular biology research integrates issues from Alpha, Gene expression, Complementary DNA, Protein kinase C and Gene isoform. (research.com)
  • Wdr12, a mouse gene encoding a novel WD-Repeat Protein with a notchless-like amino-terminal domain. (shengsci.com)
  • Lung tissue gene/protein response demonstrated distinct patterns that are better predicted by either particle dose/aerosol responses (IL-1, KC, TGF-) or particle reactivity (TSLP, IL13, IL-6). (cdc.gov)
  • Identification of putative transmembrane receptor sequences homologous to the calcium-sensing G-protein-coupled receptor. (shengsci.com)
  • In addition to being ubiquitinated by the VHL-E3 ligase complex, this enzyme deubiquitinates hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 alpha and thereby causes increased expression of HIF-1alpha targeted genes which play a role in angiogenesis, glucose metabolism, cell proliferation and metastasis. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • Transmitters are inactivated by (1) reuptake of the transmitter back into the neuron (nerve cell terminal), (2) enzymatic transformation or degradation, and (3) diffusion away from the receptor. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • 2. Lindvall, O., Björklund, A.: The organization of the ascending catecholamine neuron systems in the rat brain as revealed by the glyoxylic acid fluorescence method. (lu.se)
  • It produces 2 hormones: vasopressin, which causes blood pressure to rise and regulates the amount of water in the body's cells, and oxytocin, which causes the uterus to contract during childbirth and lactation to begin. (medscape.com)
  • Used by athletes as an alternative source of energy, it helps to protect the body's carbohydrate reserves and protect muscle proteins against catabolism. (crossthelimits.co.uk)
  • It blocks the adenosine receptors in the brain, eliminating the feeling of tiredness during training. (crossthelimits.co.uk)
  • Alpha blockers , which counter a different set of noradrenaline effects, are used to treat several cardiovascular and psychiatric conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • The alpha 2 receptors are located in the postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • This stimulation of cAMP was not Ca 2+ -sensitive and was unaffected by a range of protein kinase inhibitors. (jneurosci.org)
  • Briefly, following receptor stimulation, activated Gs leads to stimulation of adenylyl cyclase and the generation of intracellular cAMP which induces further downstream signaling responsible for the physiological actions of beta1 receptor activation. (meltingpointathens.com)
  • Alpha adrenergic receptors are blocked by TCAs in the periphery, causing vasodilation. (emra.org)
  • A Syntenic Cross Species Aneuploidy Genetic Screen Links RCAN1 Expression to β-Cell Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. (lu.se)
  • These proteins regulate growth and development. (cdc.gov)
  • Pharmacological, structural, and molecular cloning data indicate significant heterogeneity within this receptor family. (thermofisher.com)
  • The study incorporates disciplines such as 5-HT5A receptor, Interleukin 5 receptor alpha subunit, Transfection and Interleukin 10 receptor, alpha subunit in addition to Molecular biology. (research.com)
  • The scientist's investigation covers issues in Receptor, Biochemistry, Cell biology, Molecular biology and Endocrinology. (research.com)
  • This drug, the first of a new class of antihypertensive agents, interferes with alpha-adrenergic function at the postsynaptic level. (erowid.org)
  • In such cases, the dendrites (a neuron's receiving branches) on the postsynaptic neurons release neurotransmitters that affect receptors on the presynaptic neurons. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The thyroid hormone regulates energy and fat metabolism and protein synthesis by regulating different enzymes that are involved in those processes. (cdc.gov)
  • It regulates the receptor for cholesterol, takes it out of the blood stream and puts it into the cells. (cdc.gov)
  • The WD-repeat protein family consists of a large group of structurally related yet functionally diverse proteins found predominantly in eukaryotic cells. (shengsci.com)
  • Cytokines and other factors produced by cells of the immune system can cross the blood-brain barrier to induce the release of neurotransmitters and hormones from the brain and pituitary, leading to several central nervous system (CNS)-dependent responses such as sleep, depression, thermogenesis, and anorexia [2-4]. (brainimmune.com)
  • Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein (GADD) 34 was identified as a candidate involved in sunitinib-promoted autophagy through activating p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • In Cell biology, John W. Regan works on issues like EP4 Receptor, which are connected to CREB and MAPK/ERK pathway. (research.com)