• The increase in 36Cl- permeability is diminished by protein kinase A inhibitors and is not mediated by an increase in intracellular calcium concentrations. (nih.gov)
  • This stimulation of cAMP was not Ca 2+ -sensitive and was unaffected by a range of protein kinase inhibitors. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here, we examined molecular and functional analyses of choline transporters in human pancreatic-cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2 and the elucidation of the action mechanism behind the antitumor effect of novel choline-transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1) inhibitors, Amb4269951 and its derivative Amb4269675. (bvsalud.org)
  • Also displays broad nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity. (enquirebio.com)
  • Expression of nucleoside diphosphate kinase, mitochondria-associated adenylate kinase, and several mitochondria-associated creatine kinase isozymes was highest in the outer retina, whereas expression of cytosolic adenylate kinase and brain creatine kinase was higher in the cones, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells indicating the diversity of ATP-buffering strategies among retinal neurons. (molvis.org)
  • Adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3) (also known as ADK or myokinase) is a phosphotransferase enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of the various adenosine phosphates (ATP, ADP, and AMP). (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, molecular dynamics simulations, enzyme kinetics, X-ray crystallography, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy are combined to elucidate the catalytic mechanism of adenylate kinase and to delineate the roles of catalytic residues in catalysis and the conformational change in the enzyme. (scilifelab.se)
  • Here, we have discovered an intricate interplay between the enzyme adenylate kinase and its substrate ATP. (scilifelab.se)
  • A new subfamily of short bacterial adenylate kinases with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis enzyme as a model: a predictive and experimental study. (rhea-db.org)
  • A sequence comparison with 52 different forms of adenylate kinases (AK) suggests that the enzyme from M. tuberculosis belongs to a new subfamily of 'short' bacterial AKs. (rhea-db.org)
  • Many path-sampling algorithms have been applied to the closed open transition of the enzyme adenylate kinase (AdK), which undergoes a large, clamshell-like conformational transition between an open and a closed state. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The combined results indicate that glycolysis is regulated by the compartmental expression of hexokinase 2, pyruvate kinase M1, and pyruvate kinase M2 in photoreceptors, whereas the inner retinal neurons exhibit a lower capacity for glycolysis and aerobic glycolysis. (molvis.org)
  • Sub-cellular localization of the ADK enzymes is done by including a targeting sequence in the protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two further enzymes are known to be related to the ADK family, i.e. yeast uridine monophosphokinase and slime mold UMP-CMP kinase. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes a member of the adenylate kinase family of enzymes. (origene.com)
  • Our goals were twofold: 1) to characterize the gene expression, protein expression, and activity of key synthesizing and regulating enzymes of energy metabolism in the whole mouse retina, retinal compartments, and/or cells and 2) to provide an integrative analysis of the results related to function. (molvis.org)
  • Enzymes employ a wide range of protein motions to achieve efficient catalysis of chemical reactions. (scilifelab.se)
  • Many biological macromolecules such as enzymes, molecular motors or membrane transport proteins perform their function by cycling between multiple conformational states. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Adenylate Kinase is a 3-domain protein that undergoes a large structural rearrangement upon ligand binding. (smog-server.org)
  • While the role of collective protein motions in substrate binding, product release, and regulation of enzymatic activity is generally understood, their roles in catalytic steps per se remain uncertain. (scilifelab.se)
  • The overall features with specific recognition of the correct substrate and nonproductive binding by the incorrect substrate bear a strong similarity to previous findings for the ATP specific NMP kinase adenylate kinase. (scilifelab.se)
  • Egan, J. J., Greenberg, A. S., Chang, M. K. & Londos, C. Control of endogenous phosphorylation of the major cAMP-dependent protein kinase substrate in adipocytes by insulin and beta-adrenergic stimulation. (nature.com)
  • Differences in expression profiles, substrate specificities, kinetic properties and subcellular localization among the AK (adenylate kinase) isoenzymes have been shown to be important for maintaining a proper adenine nucleotide composition for many different cell functions. (rhea-db.org)
  • LysR substrate binding domain, Bacterial regulatory helix-turn-helix protein [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Thus, the mitochondrion attempts to keep ATP levels high due to the combined action of adenylate kinase and the controls on oxidative phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is worth noting that we have found the key upstream target of DOX-induced HF, PTP1B, which inhibits the expression of HIF-1α by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IRS, leading to disorders of fatty acid metabolism and glycolysis, which together with the decrease of Nrf2, SOD, Cytc, and AK4 proteins lead to oxidative stress. (frontiersin.org)
  • We measured this using an improved fluorescent reporter and by phosphorylation of endogenous cAMP-response-element binding protein (CREB). (nature.com)
  • Cyclic AMP increased phosphorylation of fluke protein in both fractions. (erowid.org)
  • The recombinant protein, overexpressed in Escherichia coli, exhibits a low catalytic activity and an unexpectedly high thermal stability (Tm = 64.8 degrees C). Based on various spectroscopic data, on the known three-dimensional structure of the AK from E. coli and on secondary structure predictions for various sequenced AKs, we propose a structural model for AK from M. tuberculosis (AKmt). (rhea-db.org)
  • Cannabinoids act at the CB1 receptor to inhibit adenylate cyclase activity via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein. (jneurosci.org)
  • Treatment of the pertussis toxin-treated cells with cholera toxin before CB1 receptor activation amplified the stimulatory pathway, suggesting that this response was mediated through a G s -type G-protein. (jneurosci.org)
  • Large conformational changes in proteins play an important role in cellular signaling. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Whitford study also reported findings that show that localized regions of a protein unfold during conformational transitions. (wikipedia.org)
  • The results illustrate a linkage between enzymatic catalysis and collective protein motions, whereby the disparate time scales between the two processes are bridged by a cascade of intermediate-scale motion of catalytic residues modulating the free energy landscapes of the catalytic and conformational change processes. (scilifelab.se)
  • Although functional protein conformational change trajectories are to a degree stochastic, they nonetheless pass through a well-defined transition state whose detailed structural properties can rapidly be identified using PATH. (aip.org)
  • Computational treatments of protein conformational changes tend to focus on the trajectories themselves, despite the fact that it is the transition state structures that contain information about the barriers that impose multi-state behavior. (aip.org)
  • Slower, protein conformational changes can be rate-limiting even if the catalyzed chemical reaction is rapid. (aip.org)
  • 28 High-energy configurations, or conformational transition states, therefore impose discrete multi-state behavior on proteins, 21 significantly enhancing function by creating the capacity for a protein to transmit time and ligand-dependent information and/or mechanical motion necessary for signaling and other free-energy transduction processes. (aip.org)
  • Understanding such conformational transitions, which typically occur on the millisecond to second time scale, is central to understanding protein function. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Seyler, SL & Beckstein, O 2014, ' Sampling large conformational transitions: Adenylate kinase as a testing ground ', Molecular Simulation , vol. 40, no. 10-11, pp. 855-877. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Neuronal microtubule-associated protein 2D is a dual A-kinase anchoring protein expressed in rat ovarian granulosa cells. (nature.com)
  • Adenylate kinases regulate the adenine and guanine nucleotide compositions within a cell by catalyzing the reversible transfer of phosphate group among these nucleotides. (origene.com)
  • α-Synuclein (140 aa) is a natively unfolded protein that is enriched in the presynaptic terminal of the neurons in the brain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Insights into the evolution of enzymatic specificity and catalysis: From Asgard archaea to human adenylate kinases. (scilifelab.se)
  • Dynamic Connection between Enzymatic Catalysis and Collective Protein Motions. (scilifelab.se)
  • thus, the balance between conformations regulates protein activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, it is a rapidly diffusible cytoplasmic protein that specifically reports net PKA activity in situ. (harvard.edu)
  • Many heterologously expressed mutants of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) exhibit residual chloride channel activity that can be stimulated by agonists of the adenylate cyclase/protein kinase A pathway. (nih.gov)
  • We recently described the structure of M. musculus RNF213 (PDB: 6TAX) and characterized its enzymatic activity, revealing it as a large monomeric protein with a functional dynein-like AAA (ATPases Associated with diverse cellular Activities) core that exists alongside a novel E3 ligase module ( 16 ). (biorxiv.org)
  • Fasciola hepatica were collected from fresh beef livers and particulate fractions of whole flukes, 'tails' or 'heads' (anterior ends) assayed for adenylate cyclase (AC) activity and cyclic AMP concentration using a protein binding assay. (erowid.org)
  • Protein kinase activity was 2-5 times greater in the 'head' than in the posterior end of the fluke and in both particulate and supernatant fractions half-maximal activation was obtained at 0.1-0.4 mcM cyclic AMP. (erowid.org)
  • Incubation of fluke heads for 5 min with 1 mM 5HT increased protein kinase activity of both fractions in the absence of added cyclic AMP, but with 5 mcM cyclic AMP protein kinase activity was increased inthe particulate and decreased in the super-natant fraction. (erowid.org)
  • Structural Basis for GTP versus ATP Selectivity in the NMP Kinase AK3. (scilifelab.se)
  • SCOPe: Structural Classification of Proteins - extended. (berkeley.edu)
  • The characterization of human adenylate kinases 7 and 8 demonstrates differences in kinetic parameters and structural organization among the family of adenylate kinase isoenzymes. (rhea-db.org)
  • A group of researchers from the University of Pau (France) developed an ICP-MS-assisted proteomics approach for the characterization of Se-containing proteins in selenium-rich yeast. (speciation.net)
  • Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene. (origene.com)
  • Unless JohnL or anyone else is prepared to discuss and debate things like the details of how lithium affects the cascade of postsynaptic second-messenger events through adenylate-cyclase regulated protein-kinase, including c-FOS directed gene transcription, its measurement by assaying mRNA and the resulting changes in membrane-bound g-proteins, I don't feel any obligation to at this point justify why Jensen's simple "circuit" models are ludicrous. (dr-bob.org)
  • AK4 (Adenylate Kinase 4) is a Protein Coding gene. (ellynaturals.pl)
  • 2023110 · JAK1 (Janus Kinase 1) is a Protein Coding gene. (ellynaturals.pl)
  • Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a naturally occurring peptide found in the central nervous system that plays a role in somatosensory processing and activation of protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC). (uky.edu)
  • I. Activation of Adenylate Cyclase by 5-Hydroxytryptamine. (erowid.org)
  • Feliciello, A., Rubin, C. S., Avvedimento, E. V. & Gottesman, M. E. Expression of a kinase anchor protein 121 is regulated by hormones in thyroid and testicular germ cells. (nature.com)
  • A DNA sequence encoding the Homo sapiens (Human) AK1 / Adenylate kinase 1, was expressed in the hosts and tags indicated. (enquirebio.com)
  • To date there have been nine human ADK protein isoforms identified. (wikipedia.org)
  • RNF213/ALO17/mysterin (Ring Finger Protein 213) is the largest known human single-chain E3 ubiquitin ligase, first described as the major susceptibility factor for Moyamoya disease (MMD) ( 1 ), a disorder which causes aberrant vasculature development commonly leading to stroke and other complications ( 2 ). (biorxiv.org)
  • Here, this specific problem is addressed by molecular studies of the human NMP kinase AK3, which uses GTP to phosphorylate AMP. (scilifelab.se)
  • PKA: a portrait of protein kinase dynamics. (nature.com)
  • It is shown that the denatured state of protein L expands as the denaturant concentration increases, in a process akin to the transition from a globule to a coil in polymers. (biu.ac.il)
  • Because both the unfolding transition and the coil-globule transition of AK occur at a much lower denaturant concentration than those of protein L, a possible correlation between the two phenomena is suggested. (biu.ac.il)
  • This suggests that MGCs utilize TCA cycle anaplerosis and cataplerosis to generate GTP and ~P transferring kinases to produce ATP that supports MGC energy requirements. (molvis.org)
  • A fundamental problem in computational biophysics is to deduce the function of a protein from the structure. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Hormones mobilize intracellular second messengers and initiate signalling cascades involving protein kinases and phosphatases, which are often spatially compartmentalized by anchoring proteins to increase signalling specificity 1 . (nature.com)
  • A subunit of the enzymatic complex P-TEFb can induce compartmentalization of proteins into liquid-like droplets in cells. (natureasia.com)
  • Taken together, we are now able to provide the fundamental principles for GTP and ATP selectivity in the large NMP kinase family. (scilifelab.se)
  • One application of FCS of current interest is the determination of the size of protein molecules in the various states they sample along their folding reaction coordinate, which can be accessed through the measurement of diffusion coefficients. (biu.ac.il)
  • To set the stage for FCS studies of unfolded proteins, we first show that the diffusion coefficients of small molecules as well as proteins can be determined accurately even in the presence of high concentrations of co-solutes that change the solution refractive index significantly. (biu.ac.il)
  • On aver- comprising some 1015 protein molecules. (lu.se)
  • These nonspecific interactions likely act to lower the available intracellular GTP and ATP concentrations and may have driven evolution of the Michaelis constants of NMP kinases accordingly. (scilifelab.se)
  • rium properties, completely determined by the interactions within crystal structures of 38 nonhomologous proteins, we find that it the system. (lu.se)
  • Proteins: Structure Function and Bioinformatics. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Protein of unknown function (DUF1158) [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Protein of unknown function (DUF2526) [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Protein of unknown function (DUF441) [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Protein of unknown function (DUF2511) [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • CTL1 and CTL2 mRNAs were highly expressed in MIA PaCa-2 cells, and CTL1 and CTL2 proteins were localized in the plasma membrane and the intracellular compartments, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • The results showed that a total of 278 proteins with significant changes were identified by quantitative proteomic analysis, of which 118 proteins were significantly upregulated and 160 proteins were significantly downregulated in myocardial tissue. (frontiersin.org)
  • These data indicate that endogenous levels of deltaF508 protein can be stimulated to increase 36Cl- permeability in airway epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
  • Analysis of NADPH oxidases (NOXs), a major source of superoxide ion in the cell, showed a significant increase of NOX4 mRNA and protein levels after irradiation in both patient groups. (arizona.edu)
  • Flexibility and plasticity allow proteins to bind to ligands, form oligomers, aggregate, and perform mechanical work. (wikipedia.org)
  • larger amplitude are sampled and do not converge even in nano- about protein flexibility has come from x-ray crystallography, in the second-length simulations (8, 9). (lu.se)
  • Results: Among the 1979 quantified proteins, 23 fulfilled our stringent biological criteria. (arizona.edu)
  • proteins could carry out their biological functions. (lu.se)