Protein vacuole membrane protein. Medical search. Frequent questions

A biological membrane, biomembrane or cell membrane is a selectively permeable membrane that separates the interior of a cell from the external environment or creates intracellular compartments by serving as a boundary between one part of the cell and another. (wikipedia.org)
The bulk of lipids in a cell membrane provides a fluid matrix for proteins to rotate and laterally diffuse for physiological functioning. (wikipedia.org)
Researchers at the National Institutes of Health believe they have discovered how influenza viruses open a hole in the cell membrane to inject genetic material into the cell. (nih.gov)
The cell wall is a fairly rigid layer surrounding a cell, located external to the cell membrane, which provides the cell with structural support, protection, and acts as a filtering mechanism. (protopage.com)
The cell membrane is a lipid bilayer that contains a wide variety of molecules mostly proteins and lipids. (protopage.com)
In multicellular animals, AP1 targets its ligands from the trans-Golgi network to the cell membrane, mainly to the basolateral surface of polarized epithelial cells or somato-dendritic compartment of neurons ( Nakatsu,2014 ). (eu.org)
The malarial pathogen, Plasmodium falciparum , grows within a vacuole formed by an invagination of the cell membrane of its erythrocyte host. (asmblog.org)
Solanum nigrum (SN) is a herb with anticancer effects such as destruction of tumor cell membrane, induction of apoptosis by NF-kappaB, caspase activation, nitric oxide production and inhibition of angiogenesis [ 3 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
The SER is an organelle found in lots of different cell types and has various functions such as synthesis of lipids and steroids, metabolism of carbohydrates, regulation of calcium concentration, drug detoxification, attachment of receptors on cell membrane proteins, and steroid metabolism- depending on cell type. (conceivingconcepts.com)
Many intracellular pathogens rely on host cell membrane compartments for their survival. (pasteur.fr)
Other factors associated with the appearance of oral cancer include the action of alcohol in facilitating the passage of carcinogens via the cell membrane of the oral mucosa and the effect of alcohol on the heightened metabolic activity of the liver which could thereby activate carcinogenic substances 15-16 . (bvsalud.org)

In eucaryotic cells, new phospholipids are manufactured by enzymes bound to the part of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane that faces the cytosol. (wikipedia.org)
the expression levels of protein associated with apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) of SKO-007 cells in various groups were detected by Western blotting method. (researchgate.net)
The Golgi Apparatus sorts, modifies, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell. (protopage.com)
The endoplasmic reticulum translates proteins and transports items throughout the cell. (protopage.com)
the effector proteins have an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) type signal sequence that routes them into the parasite's secretory pathway and thus across the first membrane. (asmblog.org)
Although it is still not clear where autophagosome membranes originate, possible sources are the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and the Golgi [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Two studies, the "Ultrastructure of tubular smooth endoplasmic reticulum aggregates in human metaphase II oocytes and clinical implications" and "The relationship between pregnancy outcome and smooth endoplasmic reticulum clusters in MII human oocytes" conclude that having eggs with vacuoles is associated with impaired fertilization, poor embryo development and lower positive pregnancy outcomes. (conceivingconcepts.com)
VCP is involved in several cellular processes related to the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation of proteins. (escholarship.org)

Golgi and vacuolar membrane proteins reach the vacuole in vps1 mutant yeast cells via the plasma membrane. (rupress.org)
This orientation is maintained during membrane trafficking - proteins, lipids, glycoconjugates facing the lumen of the ER and Golgi get expressed on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
The organelles of the secretory and endocytic pathway include the ER, Golgi network, endosomes and lysosomes or, the lysosome like yeast vacuole. (upstate.edu)
The vacuole/lysosome (pH 4/5.5) is the most acidic compartment in eukaryotes, whereas the Golgi is relatively alkaline (pH 6.6). (upstate.edu)
For example, alkaline vacuole/lysosome are deficient in autophagy, Golgi pH regulates its ability to glycosylate proteins and failure to maintain endosomal pH perturbs with its ability to recycle receptors to the Plasma membrane or, the trans-Golgi. (upstate.edu)
She was particularly interested in the Golgi apparatus, a cluster of membrane-bound compartments that help coordinate this trafficking, and spent much of her time manipulating the organelle's activity to try to better understand how it works. (the-scientist.com)
Roy's team had found that "this protein called AnkX, when microinjected into cells-even at picomole levels-could cause the entire Golgi to fragment in, like, five minutes," Mukherjee says. (the-scientist.com)
Golgi apparatus membrane. (cusabio.com)

Cereal endosperm is a short-lived tissue adapted for nutrient storage, containing specialized organelles, such as protein bodies (PBs) and protein storage vacuoles (PSVs), for the accumulation of storage proteins. (nature.com)
Together our data identified promising targets to be genetically engineered to modulate seed storage protein accumulation that have a growing role in health and nutritional issues. (nature.com)
The autophagic pathway constitutively maintains cellular homeostasis by recycling cytoplasmic organelles and proteins, but it is also stimulated by environmental stress conditions, such as starvation, oxidative stress, and the accumulation of misfolded proteins. (mdpi.com)
A subset of SNAREs is specifically recruited to the immediate vicinity of the inclusion membrane, and their accumulation is reduced around inclusions that lack IncA, demonstrating that IncA plays a predominant role in SNARE recruitment. (pasteur.fr)
Loss of IPIP27 causes accumulation of PtdIns(4,5)P 2 on aberrant endomembrane vacuoles, mislocalization of the cytokinetic machinery, and extensive cortical membrane blebbing. (iric.ca)
Some studies have shown that in cells without the LAMP-2 protein, fusion between autophagic vacuoles and lysosomes occurs more slowly, which may lead to the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles. (medlineplus.gov)

This is usually in the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. (wikipedia.org)
The term inclusion body myositis was originally used by Yunis and Samaha in 1971 for a case of myopathy that phenotypically suggested chronic polymyositis but showed cytoplasmic vacuoles and inclusions on muscle biopsy . (medscape.com)
cytoplasmic organelle which is responsible for protein synthesis. (infovisual.info)

Certain proteins and lipids rest only on one surface of the membrane and not the other. (wikipedia.org)
The biological membrane is made up of lipids with hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads. (wikipedia.org)
In the membrane, they can be covalently bound to lipids to form glycolipids or covalently bound to proteins to form glycoproteins. (wikipedia.org)
Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is frequently the main lipid component of microbial membranes and the second most abundant phospholipid in mammals, comprising as much as 45% of brain lipids. (matreya.com)
PE acts as a chaperone in transport membrane folding.1 In animals PE is involved in the secretion of very-low-density lipoproteins and aids in membrane fusion and fission.2 In plants lyso PE retards senescence by inhibiting phospholipase D. PE is the precursor to many important lipids. (matreya.com)
Smooth ER contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks, including the synthesis of membrane lipids and the detoxification of drugs. (protopage.com)
The primary components of membranes - large, fat-like molecules called lipids and compact molecules like cholesterol - make great barriers. (scitechdaily.com)
During phase separation, the membrane remains intact but partitions into multiple, distinct zones or domains that segregate lipids and proteins. (scitechdaily.com)
After the degradation of damaged proteins and lipids, amino acids and fatty acids are released into the cytoplasm and recycled for new biosynthesis of cellular components or energy production [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Organelles are also identified by the presence of specific Phosphoinositide (PI) lipids on the cytosolic leaflet of their membrane. (upstate.edu)
Surprisingly, we only observed mild changes to the localization of other regulatory lipids, but membrane fluidity and solubility was significantly altered. (biorxiv.org)
Taken together, these results suggest that sphingolipids containing C26 VLCFAs act as regulatory lipids in the homotypic vacuolar fusion cascade by assembling membrane microdomains that promote the protein and lipid machinery required for the tethering and docking of vacuoles. (biorxiv.org)

The contractile vacuole of the freshwater protozoan Paramecium multimicronucleatum is a membrane-bound exocytotic vesicle that expels excess cytosolic water. (biologists.com)
Adaptin-binding acidic dileucine motifs and variants thereof occur almost exclusively on the cytosolic side of membrane proteins, mostly integral (transmembrane) proteins. (eu.org)
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that eliminates dysfunctional cytosolic biomolecules through vacuole-mediated sequestration and lysosomal degradation. (hindawi.com)
V-ATPase is made of two subcomplexes: a cytosolic V 1 that carries out ATP hydrolysis, and a membrane bound V o that is responsible for proton translocation. (upstate.edu)

Wild type fungal cells grown in liquid TBI medium develop a distinct subapical swelling and form large vacuoles. (usda.gov)
Our results revealed that patients' myoblasts accumulate large vacuoles. (escholarship.org)

During development, protein trafficking and storage require an extensive reorganization of the endomembrane system. (nature.com)
Consequently, endomembrane-modifying proteins will influence the final grain quality and yield. (nature.com)
Based on proteome annotation and a homology search, 94 proteins associated with the endomembrane system were identified that exhibited significant changes in abundance during grain development. (nature.com)
Thus, endomembrane-modifying proteins within the endomembrane system will have an influence on the final grain quality/yield and recombinant protein production. (nature.com)
The present study characterizes an inhibitor of endomembrane protein trafficking, TE1 (trafficking and endocytosis inhibitor 1/TENin1) that reduces gravitropic root bending in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. (portlandpress.com)

The transport of cellular materials into lysosomes requires the formation of cellular structures called autophagic vacuoles (or autophagosomes), which then attach (fuse) to lysosomes. (medlineplus.gov)
The LAMP-2 protein may be involved in the fusion between autophagic vacuoles and lysosomes. (medlineplus.gov)
People with Danon disease have an abnormally large number of autophagic vacuoles in their muscle cells. (medlineplus.gov)

And each of those cells contains specialized compartments, or organelles, which are also enclosed by membranes. (scitechdaily.com)
Depending on organism, cell type as well as the nature of the adaptin complex bound, they can target either to cell surface or to specific, internal membrane-bound organelles (endosomes, lysosomes, melanosomes, synaptic vesicles, etc. (eu.org)
Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that eliminates damaged cell organelles, unfolded proteins, and various intracellular pathogens through lysosomal degradation. (hindawi.com)
During elongation and maturation, the phagophore encapsulates damaged proteins and cell organelles. (hindawi.com)
Despite its importance, there are few data on the three-dimensional organisation and quantification of these organelles within the apical complex or how they are trafficked to this specialised region of plasma membrane for exocytosis. (brookes.ac.uk)
Autophagy, the type II cell death, is a physiological mechanism involving degradation of intracellular damaged proteins and organelles into membrane vacuoles. (ijpsonline.com)

In vitro membrane-bound vesicles obtained by 'bisecting' (although the two parts were not always identical in size) an in vitro contractile vacuole established their own independent rounding-slackening cycles. (biologists.com)
In vitro contractile vacuole vesicles could fuse again when the vesicles slackened. (biologists.com)
Severed radial arms also became vesiculated and, like contractile vacuole membranes, these in vitro vesicles showed independent rounding-slackening cycles and vesicle-vesicle fusions. (biologists.com)
Tethered neutrophils enter in membrane-bound vesicles before penetrating into the megakaryocyte cytoplasm. (elifesciences.org)
We find it pleasing that distantly related eukaryotic pa--thogens also appear to share a common mechanism - a mechanism that involves eukaryote membrane gymnastics such as secretory vesicles, exocytosis, and endocytosis. (asmblog.org)

These ATG proteins also perform an important parallel role in 'noncanonical' autophagy, a lysosome-associated signaling pathway with key functions in immunity, inflammation, cancer, and neurodegeneration. (babraham.ac.uk)
Specifically, loss-of-function mutations in NHX1 block delivery of internalized surface proteins and newly synthesized proteins to the vacuole, the equivalent of the metazoan lysosome in yeast. (concordia.ca)
Ultimately, the autophagosome fuses with a lysosome, facilitated by Rab7 and LAMP proteins. (hindawi.com)
The Class C Vps complex is required for SNARE-mediated membrane fusion at the lysosome-like yeast vacuole. (embl.de)
Only the lysosome/vacuole possesses a low abundant signaling lipid PI(3,5)P2. (upstate.edu)
The role the LAMP-2 protein plays in the lysosome is unclear. (medlineplus.gov)
Some researchers think the LAMP-2 protein may help transport cellular materials or digestive enzymes into the lysosome. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the LAMP2 gene lead to the production of very little or no LAMP-2 protein, which may impair the process of transporting cellular material into the lysosome. (medlineplus.gov)

Recent work published in The EMBO Journal and EMBO Reports reveals a novel role for the protein TECPR1 as a sensor for stressed membranes and regulator of lysosomal membrane repair. (babraham.ac.uk)
Lysosomal membrane proteins Lamp1 and Lamp2 show increased molecular weights in patients' myoblasts due to differential N-glycosylation. (escholarship.org)
Lysosomal-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP2) is a heavily glycosylated protein found inside the lysosomal membrane. (medscape.com)

Antimicrobial proteins and peptides offer a multifaceted mechanism suitable to fight bacterial resistance. (frontiersin.org)
It appears that a primary role for PE, in bacterial membranes at least, is simply to dilute the high negative charge density of the anionic phospholipids. (matreya.com)
What makes it fascinating is both its biomechanics (it makes use of a fancy nanotechnology needle-like de-vice) and its strategic aspects (the delivered proteins, termed effector proteins, enable the bacterial pathogens to attach to or damage the host cell). (asmblog.org)
A large family of bacterial proteins is inserted in the inclusion membrane, and the role of these inclusion proteins is mostly unknown. (pasteur.fr)
The researchers discovered that the protocells were able to produce energy-rich molecules (ATP) via glycolysis and synthesize RNA and proteins by in vitro gene expression, indicating that the inherited bacterial components remained active in the synthetic cells. (nanowerk.com)
The released bacterial DNA was condensed into a single nucleus-like structure, and the droplet interior infiltrated with a cytoskeletal-like network of protein filaments and membrane-bounded water vacuoles. (nanowerk.com)

The in vitro contractile vacuole isolated from P. multimicronucleatum along with a small amount of cytosol and confined under mineral oil showed periodic rounding and slackening at fairly regular intervals. (biologists.com)
Activity lasted for over 30 min at room temperature (24-27 degrees C). The rounding of the in vitro contractile vacuole corresponded to the increased membrane tension of the in vivo contractile vacuole that occurs immediately before fluid expulsion. (biologists.com)
Unlike the in vivo contractile vacuole, the in vitro contractile vacuole did not expel fluid, since it lacked a mechanism to form a pore. (biologists.com)
The subsequent slackening of the in vitro contractile vacuole corresponded to the fluid-filling phase of the in vivo contractile vacuole that occurs at decreased membrane tension. (biologists.com)
Fluid filling occurred in the in vitro contractile vacuole only when it was isolated together with its radial arms. (biologists.com)
An additional rounding phase of the in vitro contractile vacuole could be induced by applying suction to a portion of its membrane with a micropipette when the contractile vacuole was in its slackened phase. (biologists.com)
ATP was found to be required for contractile vacuole rounding but inhibitors of actin or tubulin polymerization, such as cytochalasin B and Nocodazole, had no effect on the in vitro contractile vacuole's rounding-slackening cycle. (biologists.com)
Thus, to test this hypothesis, I first devised and optimized an in vitro LE - vacuole membrane fusion assay, which relies on the assembly of complementary β-lactamase fragments to form an active enzyme upon lumenal content mixing. (concordia.ca)
Vacuoles isolated from these cells displayed reduced levels of in vitro fusion, which we traced to a block in tethering and docking. (biorxiv.org)

By then it was known that Listeria infects cells such as macrophages-motile human immune cells that engulf pathogens and cellular debris-by being taken up into vacuoles and breaking out of those vacuoles into the cytoplasm. (the-scientist.com)

Conclusion: Prion protein 106-126 peptide can induce apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells and present cellular toxicity definitely. (researchgate.net)
It might be a perfect model to study the cellular toxicity of prion protein. (researchgate.net)
cellular organelle that elaborates sugars and proteins. (infovisual.info)
Non-canonical autophagy is a key cellular pathway in immunity, cancer, and neurodegeneration, characterized by conjugation of ATG8 to endolysosomal single membranes (CASM). (babraham.ac.uk)
She learned that researchers had identified more than 300 Legionella peptides that mimic host proteins or otherwise hijack existing cellular pathways to the bacterium's advantage. (the-scientist.com)
These diseases are a result of storage in cellular vacuoles and include Danon disease, Pompe disease, Fabry disease , and a form of HCM related to a mutation in the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated, gamma-2 noncatalytic subunit of protein kinase ( PRKG2 ). (medscape.com)
Then, both types of bacteria were destroyed so that the released cellular components remained trapped inside or on the surface of the droplets to produce membrane-coated bacteriogenic protocells containing thousands of biological molecules, parts and machinery. (nanowerk.com)
The LAMP2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called lysosomal associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP-2), which, as its name suggests, is found in the membrane of cellular structures called lysosomes . (medlineplus.gov)

The most common cause of HCM is now known to be one of over 200 possible mutations in at least 10 genes that involve sarcomeric proteins. (medscape.com)
Forms of HCM without evidence of mutations in sarcomeric proteins have also been identified. (medscape.com)
Inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget's disease and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD) is caused by mutations in the valosin containing protein (VCP) gene. (escholarship.org)
Around 60-80% of cases1 are caused by mutations of the gene that encodes optic atrophy protein 1 (OPA1), a protein that has a key role in inner mitochondrial membrane fusion and remodelling of cristae and is crucial for the dynamic organization and regulation of mitochondria2. (bvsalud.org)

100 effector proteins. (europa.eu)
Thus, the effector proteins made by the parasite must cross two plasma membranes - those of parasite and host - en route to the host's cyto-plasm. (asmblog.org)
During infection, it, too, delivers effector proteins across the two membranes and into the host cell. (asmblog.org)
The P. infestans genome encodes at least 169 (and perhaps more than 400) putative effector proteins with this HT sequence. (asmblog.org)
Another research group pulled these two stories togeth-er by demonstrating that the HT signal sequence from P. infestans can deliver the effector proteins of P. falcipar-um from the malarial vacuole to the host erythrocyte. (asmblog.org)

From left to right: Step one, fusion peptides bind to the inner surface of the vacuole membrane. (nih.gov)
Step two, the fusion peptides bind to each other, tilting and pinching the inner and outer surface of the membrane together, forming a hole. (nih.gov)
The researchers found that within the acidic environment of the vacuole, fusion peptides on the spike protein bind to the vacuole's inner membrane. (nih.gov)
This attraction of the fusion peptides pulls membrane proteins together and pushes away the fats, thinning the membrane at the binding site. (nih.gov)
A rocking motion of the peptides penetrates the outer layer of the membrane, thinning the spot to the point of breaking, as the action pinches the inner and outer lipid layers together. (nih.gov)
We designed new peptides of GRA6, GRA7, and SAG1 proteins, with more SNPs among the three clonal strains than those previously designed. (frontiersin.org)
developed a typing method based on antibody binding to polymorphic peptides, designed from proteins related to virulence. (frontiersin.org)

Because membrane fusion between late endosomes and vacuoles is the final event necessary for protein delivery, and because Nhx1 binds Gyp6, a Rab-GTPase activating protein that is predicted to regulate membrane fusion, I hypothesized that Nhx1 may play a role in LE - vacuole membrane fusion. (concordia.ca)
AP2 is chiefly involved in endocytosis of cell surface proteins and their trafficking to early or late endosomes. (eu.org)

A cleavage product of Polycystin-1 is a mitochondrial matrix protein that affects mitochondria morphology and function when heterologously expressed. (livecareer.com)
They are concentrated in mitochondria and are key building blocks of membrane bilayers where they are distributed asymmetrically with the majority confined to the inner leaflet. (matreya.com)
They are made of pieces of membranes, vacuoles, and granules with mitochondria inside. (protopage.com)

Proteins are adapted to high membrane fluidity environment of the lipid bilayer with the presence of an annular lipid shell, consisting of lipid molecules bound tightly to the surface of integral membrane proteins. (wikipedia.org)
To enable the membrane as a whole to grow evenly, half of the new phospholipid molecules then have to be transferred to the opposite monolayer. (wikipedia.org)
Membranes contain sugar-containing lipid molecules known as glycolipids. (wikipedia.org)
In all but a few cases, it's unclear how those molecules help proteins within membranes do their jobs. (scitechdaily.com)
The autophagophore membrane then elongates and encloses the molecules to be degraded forming an autophagosome, which occurs in two separate conjugation reactions catalyzed by autophagy-related proteins (ATGs). (hindawi.com)

The disease is associated with progressive proximal muscle weakness, inclusions and vacuoles in muscle fibers, malfunction in the bone remodeling process resulting in Paget's disease, and premature frontotemporal dementia. (escholarship.org)

A study by Hashem et al using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes indicated that LAMP2 protein deficiency in Danon disease results in autophagic flux impairment, which in turn causes excessive oxidative stress and, subsequently, cardiomyocyte apoptosis. (medscape.com)
In a study that included two girls, aged 10 and 13 years, Hedberg Oldfors et al found evidence that early onset HCM in Danon disease, in contrast to the late-onset cases that can occur, may result from an uneven distribution of LAMP2 protein in cardiac muscle, with the protein lacking in some large portions of the muscle, while its expression is preserved in other large myocardial areas. (medscape.com)

Then, we selected 48 genes that may encode uncharacterised effectors (e. g. no detectable amino acid identity to other proteins or with a particular putative biochemical activity) from the genome of C. trachomatis strain L2/434/Bu. (europa.eu)
This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-34a and 11 of its bioinformatically selected target genes and proteins to test their potential dysregulation in RCC. (hindawi.com)
The findings may inform the development of new technologies to combat infectious microbes and to insert medications, genes, and proteins into cells to treat diseases. (nih.gov)

It was the early 2000s, and Mukherjee was working in Dennis Shields's lab at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, studying how cells organize the internal transport of proteins and other cargo. (the-scientist.com)

Endocytosis and/or vesicular sorting signals for membrane proteins. (eu.org)
They serve to initiate clathrin-mediated endocytosis or protein sorting and can work synergistically with the adaptin mu subunit binding YxxPhi-type motifs ( TRG_ENDOCYTIC_2 ). (eu.org)

Sporadic inclusion body myositis (s-IBM) and hereditary inclusion body myopathies (h-IBM) encompass a group of disorders sharing the common pathological finding of vacuoles and filamentous inclusions. (medscape.com)

The cell membranes are different from the isolating tissues formed by layers of cells, such as mucous membranes, basement membranes, and serous membranes. (wikipedia.org)
Objective: To investigate the effects of prion protein 106-126 peptide on inducing apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells. (researchgate.net)
Methods: After differentiated by nerve growth factor (NGF), the PC12 cells were infected by prion protein 106-126 peptide. (researchgate.net)
Within the RNaseA superfamily there is a group of highly cationic proteins secreted by innate immune cells with anti-infective and immune-regulatory properties. (frontiersin.org)
These findings identify emperipolesis as a new cell-in-cell interaction that enables neutrophils and potentially other cells passing through the megakaryocyte cytoplasm to modulate the production and membrane content of platelets. (elifesciences.org)
We have raised rabbit polyclonal antibodies against 5 of these proteins and we are currently analysing their subcellular localisation in C. trachomatis infected cells. (europa.eu)
Cells are enveloped in a membrane that protects from disease-causing organisms, while permitting nutrients to enter and waste to leave. (nih.gov)
Membranes are crucial to our cells. (scitechdaily.com)
Membranes help cells carry out tasks like breaking down food for energy, building and dismantling proteins, keeping track of environmental conditions, sending signals, and deciding when to divide. (scitechdaily.com)
The new findings show for the first time that, in response to environmental conditions, yeast cells precisely regulate the temperature at which their membrane undergoes phase separation. (scitechdaily.com)
The team behind this discovery suggests that phase separation is likely a "switch" mechanism that these cells use to govern the types of work that membranes do and the signals they send. (scitechdaily.com)
Previous work showed that these domains can be seen in the membranes of living yeast cells," said lead author Chantelle LeveilIe, a UW doctoral student in chemistry. (scitechdaily.com)
These experiments showed that the yeast cells always maintained phase separation in the vacuole membrane until the temperature rose about 25 degrees above their growth temperature. (scitechdaily.com)
We think this is a clear sign that yeast cells are engineering the vacuole membrane in different environmental conditions to maintain this consistent state of phase separation," said Leveille. (scitechdaily.com)
Type III secretion, the mechanism that introduces bacte-rial proteins into eukaryote host cells, rates among the most exciting themes of modern pathogenic microbio-logy. (asmblog.org)
A re-cent report investigated how one such effector protein, Avr3a, is delivered into the plant cells. (asmblog.org)
In this way, they demonstrated that Avr3a has an HT sequence that is required for trans-location of the protein into the host cells. (asmblog.org)
The cryo-EM analysis also revealed a population of free V 1 bound to Oxidation Resistance 1 (Oxr1p), a poorly characterized protein that has been implicated in protecting cells from oxidative stress. (upstate.edu)

In fungi and plants, dileucine motifs are often responsible for the vacuolar or tonoplast localization of proteins carrying these motifs. (eu.org)

The gene Tri12 encodes a predicted Major Facilitator Superfamily protein suggested to play a role in export of trichothecene mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species. (usda.gov)
For this, we constructed translational fusions comprising the first 20 amino acids of the IncA or IncC effectors and a reporter protein (the mature form of TEM-1 beta-lactamase), expressed under the control of the Y. enterocolitica yopE effector gene promoter (PyopE). (europa.eu)

In general, autophagy degrades long-lived damaged intracellular proteins, in contrast to the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which controls the degradation of short-lived proteins [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

In the plasma membrane, flippases transfer specific phospholipids selectively, so that different types become concentrated in each monolayer. (wikipedia.org)
A strain having Tri12p linked to green fluorescent protein shows localization of the protein consistent with the plasma membrane. (usda.gov)
Auxin gradients are established and maintained by polarized distribution of auxin transporters that undergo constitutive endocytic recycling from the PM (plasma membrane) and are essential for the gravitropic response in plants. (portlandpress.com)

The nucleus holds the DNA and protein. (protopage.com)

notably, integration of proteomics data with in situ subcellular microscopic analyses showed a high abundance of cytoskeleton proteins associated with acidified PBs at the early development stages. (nature.com)

This phenomenon occurs in otherwise unmanipulated murine marrow in vivo, resulting in circulating platelets that bear membrane from non-megakaryocytic hematopoietic donors. (elifesciences.org)
Phase separation in the vacuole occurs right when the yeast cell needs to stop dividing because its food supply has run out," said Merz. (scitechdaily.com)

Oxr1p belongs to the group of TLDc domain containing proteins that are highly conserved in higher eukaryotes. (upstate.edu)

Past research has shown that when sugar is plentiful, the yeast cell's vacuole - an important organelle for storage and signaling - grows large and its membrane appears uniform under a microscope. (scitechdaily.com)

IPIP27 scaffolds the inositol phosphatase oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe (OCRL) by coupling it to endocytic BAR domain proteins. (iric.ca)
Chanroj S, Padmanaban S, Czerny DD, Jauh G-Y, Sze H. K+ transporter AtCHX17 with its hydrophilic C tail localizes to dynamic membranes of the secretory/endocytic system: role in reproduction and seed set . (sinica.edu.tw)

Immunofluorescence assays, using specific antibodies, detected the proteins of interest (in green) in asexual blood stage (ABS) parasites, using MSP1 (in red). (huji.ac.il)

To infect a cell, spike proteins-projections on the virus's outer surface-bind to the cell's surface. (nih.gov)
The cell's outer membrane envelops the virus in a pocket-like structure called a vacuole, which encapsulates the virus and takes it inside the cell. (nih.gov)
We asked: If it's important for a cell to have these domains, then if we change the cell's environment - by growing them at different temperatures - would the cell 'care' and devote energy to maintaining phase separation in its membranes? (scitechdaily.com)

Yeast VPS27 vacuolar sorting protein, which is required for membrane traffic to the vacuole. (embl.de)

Autophagy is a fundamental catabolic process coordinated by a network of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. (babraham.ac.uk)
Conjugation of the Atg8 (autophagy related 8) family of ubiquitin-like proteins to phospholipids of the phagophore is a hallmark of macroautophagy/autophagy. (babraham.ac.uk)

However, the Atg8 family of proteins are not found solely attached to double-membrane autophagosomes. (babraham.ac.uk)
The phagophore encloses small portions of the cytoplasm to form a double-membrane structure called an autophagosome. (hindawi.com)

The V-ATPase complex regulates non-canonical Atg8-family protein lipidation through ATG16L1 recruitment. (babraham.ac.uk)

Biologists have known that, when the domains appear in the yeast vacuole's membrane, the cell stops dividing. (scitechdaily.com)
These two events may be linked because the yeast vacuole's membrane contains two complexes of proteins that are important for cell division. (scitechdaily.com)

In the poster section, Joanna Shisler (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [UIUC], Urbana) reported that the modified virus, Ankara, activates nuclear factor κB through the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal–regulated kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, possibly facilitating the host immune response. (cdc.gov)

The role of sphingolipids in controlling the endolysosomal membrane trafficking remains unclear. (biorxiv.org)

Integral proteins hold strong association with the lipid bilayer and cannot easily become detached. (wikipedia.org)

However, it is flipped to the outer membrane to be used during blood clotting. (wikipedia.org)

We observed the proteins internalization within macrophages and their capacity to eradicate the intracellular mycobacterial infection at a low micro-molar range. (frontiersin.org)
PROJECT SUMMARYFor decades, NRAMP1 (for natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1, renamed SLC11A1 forsolute carrier protein family 11, member 1) has been characterized as a divalent cation/H+ antiporter in thephagosomal membrane of macrophages that pumps iron and manganese out of the vacuole. (usda.gov)

and allows the aminoglycoside to ionically associate with the inner membrane ( Bryan and Van Den Elzen, 1977 ). (elifesciences.org)

Moreover, endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-related proteins and their transcripts are most abundant at early and mid-development. (nature.com)
This dissertation reports the function of Nhx1, an endosomal Na+ (K+)/H+ exchanger, in late endosome - vacuole membrane fusion in the model eukaryote S. cerevisiae. (concordia.ca)

Involved in the transfer of iron and Mn(2+) from the cytosol to the vacuole for storage of these metals. (cusabio.com)

They share a unique hydrophobic motif thought to target them to the membrane of the large vacuole where Chlamydia resides intracellularly. (europa.eu)
The obligate intracellular bacteria Chlamydia replicate within an intracellular vacuole, termed an inclusion. (pasteur.fr)
Here we identify SNARE-like motifs in the inclusion protein IncA, which are conserved among most Chlamydia species. (pasteur.fr)

Intracytoplasmic neutrophils develop membrane contiguity with the demarcation membrane system, thereby transferring membrane to the megakaryocyte and to daughter platelets. (elifesciences.org)

Under electron microscope, chromatin gathered along the inside of the nuclear membrane, vacuole bodies appeared. (researchgate.net)

However it is currently unclear how the Tri12 protein (Tri12p) may influence trichothecene sensitivity and virulence of the wheat pathogen Fusarium graminearum. (usda.gov)
To study the function of known effectors, we focused on the C. trachomatis Inc proteins, an important group of potential chlamydial virulence factors. (europa.eu)

Although commonly associated with autophagosomes, LC3 can also be recruited to membranes by covalent lipidation in a variety of non-canonical contexts. (babraham.ac.uk)

While the noncanonical autophagy pathway shares the common ATG machinery, it bears key mechanistic and functional distinctions, and is characterized by conjugation of ATG8 to single membranes (CASM). (babraham.ac.uk)
The researchers believe that these molecular interactions can explain why so many viruses make holes in their target membranes, why the fusion machinery of influenza variants typically does not mutate, and how spike proteins allow viral genetic material to enter the cell. (nih.gov)
I then used this biochemical assay to characterize the ions and protein machinery responsible for this fusion event. (concordia.ca)
However, interaction with the SNARE machinery is probably not restricted to IncA as at least another inclusion protein shows similarities with SNARE motifs and can interact with SNAREs. (pasteur.fr)

Anatomy47

Organisms16

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs104

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes57

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture7

Information Science3

Health Care1

Cell membrane11

Endoplasmic8

Golgi8

Accumulation6

Cytoplasmic3

Lipids12

Cytosolic4

Large vacuoles2

Endomembrane5

Autophagic vacuoles3

Organelles6

Vesicles5

Lysosome8

Lysosomal membrane3

Bacterial6

Vitro9

Pathogens1

Cellular8

Mutations4

Effector proteins5

Peptides7

Endosomes2

Mitochondria3

Molecules5

Muscle fibers1

Lamp22

Genes3

Transport of proteins1

Endocytosis2

Inclusions1

Cells18

Tonoplast1

Gene2

Degradation1

Plasma3

Nucleus1

Cytoskeleton1

Occurs2

Domain containi1

Organelle1

Endocytic2

Specific antibodies1

Cell's3

Vacuolar sorting1

Autophagy related2

Double-membrane2

Regulates1

Vacuole's2

Kinase1

Endolysosomal1

Lipid bilayer1

Outer membrane1

Macrophages2

Inner membrane1

Endosomal2

Cytosol1

Chlamydia3

Intracytoplasmic1

Nuclear1

Virulence2

Autophagosomes1

Machinery4