• The APC/C is a large complex of 11-13 subunit proteins, including a cullin (Apc2) and RING (Apc11) subunit much like SCF. (wikipedia.org)
  • The subunit, CDC20 allows APC to degrade substrates such as anaphase inhibitors (Pdsp1) at the beginning of anaphase, on the other hand when CDC20 is substituted for specificity factor Hct1, APC degrades a different set of substrates, particularly mitosis cyclins in late anaphase. (wikipedia.org)
  • The anaphase-promoting complex (APC) or cyclosome is a multi-subunit E3 protein ubiquitin ligase that regulates important events in mitosis, such as the initiation of anaphase and exit from telophase. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Enzymatic assays performed with APC purified fromstrains lacking each of the essential subunits revealed that onlycdc27Delta complexes retain detectable activity in the presence of Cdh1.This residual activity depends on the C-box domain of Cdh1, but not on theC-terminal IR domain, suggesting that the C-box mediates a productiveinteraction with an APC subunit other than Cdc27. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Structural basis for the subunit assembly of the anaphase-promoting complex. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Particularly in yeast, an organism where gluconeogenesis and glycolytic activity are intermittently coordinated, the multi-subunit GID E3 ligase complex specifically targets the surplus of gluconeogenic enzymes, including the conserved Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (Fbp1), for proteasomal degradation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Characterization of the Anaphase Promoting Complex Subunit 4 (APC4) in Arabidopsis thaliana. (fapesp.br)
  • The anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome with the subunit Cdh1 (APC/C(Cdh1)) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in the control of the cell cycle. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The APC/C also targets the mitotic cyclins for degradation, resulting in the inactivation of M-CDK (mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase) complexes, promoting exit from mitosis and cytokinesis Unlike the SCF, activator subunits control the APC/C. Cdc20 and Cdh1 are the two activators of particular importance to the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle. (nih.gov)
  • The Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase mediates degradation of cell cycle proteins during mitosis and G1. (biu.ac.il)
  • The process of cell division or mitosis is tightly regulated and complex. (survivinpathway.com)
  • It associates with the complex in late MITOSIS from anaphase through G1 to regulate activity of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES and to prevent premature DNA replication. (jefferson.edu)
  • Serine/threonine-protein kinase that performs 2 crucial functions during mitosis: it is essential for spindle-assembly checkpoint signaling and for correct chromosome alignment. (icr.ac.uk)
  • Here, we used experimental and computational approaches to dissect the quantitative mechanisms underlying the ordered degradation of the substrates of the ubiquitin ligase APC/C Cdc20 , a key regulator of chromosome segregation in mitosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The activator Cdc20 is then replaced by a second activator, Cdh1, and APC/C Cdh1 promotes complete degradation of M cyclin, followed by polo-like kinase 1, Aurora A, and other substrates, to complete mitosis and cytokinesis and drive progression into G1 [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The pre-replication complex (pre-RC) assembly or the DNA replication licensing is the first step in DNA replication initiation, characterized by the sequential recruitment of ORCs, Cdc6, Cdt1 and MCMs to the DNA replication origins to form the pre-RC at the end of mitosis ( Bell and Dutta 2002 ). (intechopen.com)
  • Anaphase-promoting complex (also called the cyclosome or APC/C) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that marks target cell cycle proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once perceived as a system exclusively involved in removing damaged protein from the cell, ubiquitination and subsequent protein degradation by the proteasome is now perceived as a universal regulatory mechanism for signal transduction whose importance approaches that of protein phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The APC/C's main function is to trigger the transition from metaphase to anaphase by tagging specific proteins for degradation. (wikipedia.org)
  • In particular, ubiquitin-mediated degradation is critically important at transition points where it provides directionality and irreversibility to the cell cycle, which is essential for maintaining genome integrity. (intechopen.com)
  • The APC/C complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins: it mainly mediates the formation of 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains and, to a lower extent, the formation of 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. (nih.gov)
  • Here we aimed to generate skipping over exon 23 of the CFTR transcript, to eliminate the W1282X nonsense mutation and avoid RNA degradation induced by the nonsense mediated mRNA decay mechanism, allowing production of partially active CFTR proteins lacking exon 23. (bvsalud.org)
  • Many cell-cycle regulators are targeted for degradation by being tagged with chains of the small protein ubiquitin. (nature.com)
  • In yeast, the glucose-induced degradation-deficient (GID) E3 ligase selectively degrades superfluous gluconeogenic enzymes. (elifesciences.org)
  • We observe that each gene and its products have a unique set of DNA, RNA or protein motifs that encode a regulatory program to define the logical circuitry that guides the life cycle of these biomolecules, from transcription to degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The APC/C is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that drives mitotic progression by promoting timely degradation of key regulatory proteins [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Securin degradation then unleashes separase to promote sister-chromatid separation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It was the discovery of the APC/C (and SCF) and their key role in eukaryotic cell-cycle regulation that established the importance of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis in cell biology. (wikipedia.org)
  • The APC, in conjunction with other enzymes, assembles multi-ubiquitin chains on a variety of regulatory proteins, thereby targeting them for proteolysis by the 26S proteasome. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • A driving force of the cell cycle is the activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), the activities of which are controlled by the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of key regulators such as cyclins and CDK inhibitors. (scienceopen.com)
  • APC catalyzes the formation of cyclin B-ubiquitin conjugate that is responsible for the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of B-type cyclins. (nih.gov)
  • The anaphase promoter complex (APC) is a multiprotein complex - an ubiquitin E3 ubiquitin ligase - involved in ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of cell cycle regulatory proteins, and in which we include the destruction of mitotic cyclins during the metaphase-anaphase transition. (fapesp.br)
  • The identification of the complete set of genes encoding the APC subunits in Arabidopsis, suggests that the basic processes controlled by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis in plants are similar to those of other organisms. (fapesp.br)
  • The E3 ligase APC/C(Cdh1) promotes ubiquitylation-mediated proteolysis of PAX3 to suppress melanocyte proliferation and melanoma growth. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC) is an unusuallycomplicated ubiquitin ligase, composed of 13 core subunits and either oftwo loosely associated regulatory subunits, Cdc20 and Cdh1. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Cdh1 Proteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (jefferson.edu)
  • Cdh1 is an activator of the anaphase-promoting complex-cyclosome, and is involved in substrate recognition. (jefferson.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Cdh1 Proteins" by people in this website by year, and whether "Cdh1 Proteins" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (jefferson.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Cdh1 Proteins" by people in Profiles. (jefferson.edu)
  • Acts as a substrate for anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) in complex with its activator CDH1 (APC/C-Cdh1). (icr.ac.uk)
  • Here, we identified sporadic mutations occurring in the genes encoding APC components, including Cdh1, in human melanoma samples and found that loss of APC/C(Cdh1) may promote melanoma development and progression, but not by affecting cell cycle regulatory targets of APC/C. Most of the mutations we found in CDH1 were those associated with ultraviolet light (UV)-induced melanomagenesis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Knocking down Cdh1 in melanoma cells in culture or before implantation in mice promoted doxorubicin resistance, whereas reexpressing wild-type Cdh1, but not E3 ligase-deficient Cdh1 or a mutant that could not interact with PAX3, restored doxorubicin sensitivity in melanoma cells both in culture and in xenografts. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The Anaphase Promoting complex/cyclosome co-activator, Cdh1, is a novel target of human Papillomavirus 16 E7 oncoprotein in cervical oncogenesis. (du.ac.in)
  • These two subunits catalyze ubiquitination of substrates when the C-terminal domain of Apc2 forms a tight complex with Apc11. (wikipedia.org)
  • The activity of CDKs is controlled by their binding to coactivator subunits termed Cyclins, as well as by CDK inhibitory proteins termed CKIs. (intechopen.com)
  • This protein is a component of anaphase-promoting complex (APC), which is composed of eight protein subunits and highly conserved in eukaryotic cells. (nih.gov)
  • Solving the structure of protein complexes is particularly challenging when they contain many subunits. (nature.com)
  • One of the most complex ubiquitin ligases is the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) - a 1.5-megadalton assemblage of 1-2 copies of each of 13 different subunits, as well as two diffusible activators. (nature.com)
  • Our structure explains how this TPR sub-complex, together with additional scaffolding subunits (Apc1, Apc4 and Apc5), coordinate the juxtaposition of the catalytic and substrate recognition module (Apc2, Apc11 and Apc10 (also known as Doc1)), and TPR-phosphorylation sites, relative to co-activator, regulatory proteins and substrates. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here, we identified all subunits of the mammalian GID/CTLH complex and provide a comprehensive map of its hierarchical organization and step-wise assembly. (elifesciences.org)
  • Proto-oncogene proteins that negatively regulate RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE signaling. (nih.gov)
  • mTOR inhibitors dramatically reduced collagen-induced platelet aggregation and promoted the destabilization of platelet aggregates formed under shear flow conditions. (researchtoactionforum.org)
  • These proteins target the APC/C to specific sets of substrates at different times in the cell cycle, thus driving it forward. (wikipedia.org)
  • Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)
  • Information on how its 13 constituent proteins are assembled, and how they interact with co-activators, substrates and regulatory proteins is limited. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Is regulated by MAD2L1: in metaphase the MAD2L1-CDC20-APC/C ternary complex is inactive and in anaphase the CDC20-APC/C binary complex is active in degrading substrates. (thermofisher.com)
  • These changes are orchestrated by a small number of master regulators, including the cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Each Cdk or APC/C isoform has a large number of substrates, and the substrates of each isoform are modified in a specific order that leads to sequential substrate activation or inactivation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Specific substrates generally bind with sufficient affinity that they remain bound during multiple ubiquitin transfer reactions, resulting in processive substrate modification [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a multisubunit ubiquitin ligase that regulates progression through the cell cycle by marking key cell division proteins for destruction. (ugent.be)
  • Here, we extend this work to show that hMDC1 regulates normal metaphase-to-anaphase transition through its ability to bind directly to the APC/C and modulate its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We suggest therefore that hMDC1 functionally regulates the normal metaphase-to-anaphase transition by modulating the Cdc20-dependent activation of the APC/C. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The CDC20-APC/C complex positively regulates the formation of synaptic vesicle clustering at active zone to the presynaptic membrane in postmitotic neurons. (thermofisher.com)
  • Among these genes is cdc34, the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme of the Skp1/cullin/F-box (SCF) complex. (cornell.edu)
  • Ubiquitin Proteasome System Current Insights into Mechanism Cellular Regu. (intechopen.com)
  • Specifically, the boundary between G1 and S-phase is tightly regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome system. (intechopen.com)
  • The proteasome, a key component of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP), has emerged as a validated target of multiple myeloma (MM) therapeutics. (scienceopen.com)
  • A hallmark of proteome balance is the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) that degrades roughly 80% of multi-ubiquitinated proteins ( Collins and Goldberg, 2017 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • The accumulation of both Cyclin and CKI proteins is tightly regulated at the level of transcription. (intechopen.com)
  • In addition, Cyclin and CKI proteins are controlled at the level of their destruction. (intechopen.com)
  • In particular, our data suggests that the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (Cip1/Waf1), which is expressed in response to DNA damage, promotes quiescence by blocking positive feedback loops that facilitate G1 progression downstream of serum stimulation. (cellcycle.org.uk)
  • During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene shares strong similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc23, a protein essential for cell cycle progression through the G2/M transition. (nih.gov)
  • Progression through the cell cycle is accompanied by dramatic changes in cellular content and behavior, and involves a large number of proteins and processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • High p21 levels mediate G1 arrest via CDK inhibition, yet lower levels have no impact on G1 progression, and the ubiquitin ligases CRL4 Cdt2 and SCF Skp2 couple to degrade p21 prior to the G1/S transition. (cellcycle.org.uk)
  • Indeed, Hbp1 accumulates in cells lacking GID/CTLH activity, and Hbp1 physically interacts and is ubiquitinated in vitro by reconstituted GID/CTLH complexes. (elifesciences.org)
  • The BUB1-BUB3 complex interacts with MAD1L1. (icr.ac.uk)
  • Here we identify two critical motifs within BubR1M that contribute to Cdc20 binding and anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome inhibition: a destruction box (D box) and a phenylalanine-containing motif termed the Phe box.ABubR1 mutant lacking these motifs is defective in MCC maintenance in mitotic human cells but is capable of supporting spindle-checkpoint function. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The BUB1-BUB3 complex plays a role in the inhibition of APC/C when spindle-assembly checkpoint is activated and inhibits the ubiquitin ligase activity of APC/C by phosphorylating its activator CDC20. (icr.ac.uk)
  • Inhibition of Arabidopsis thaliana CIN-like TCP transcription factors by Agrobacterium T-DNA-encoded 6B proteins. (cnrs.fr)
  • The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) E2 protein, which inhibits the E6 and E7 viral oncogenes, is believed to have antioncogenic properties. (docksci.com)
  • It also directly binds to BubR1, a kinetochore-associated kinase implicated in the mitotic checkpoint, the major cell cycle control pathway in which unattached kinetochores prevent anaphase onset. (rupress.org)
  • Unattached or tensionless kinetochores activate the checkpoint and enhance the production of the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) consisting of BubR1, Bub3, Mad2, and Cdc20. (elsevierpure.com)
  • MCC is a critical checkpoint inhibitor of the anaphase-promoting complex/ cyclosome, a ubiquitin ligase required for anaphase onset. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Has a key role in the assembly of checkpoint proteins at the kinetochore, being required for the subsequent localization of CENPF, BUB1B, CENPE and MAD2L1. (icr.ac.uk)
  • Stranglehold on the spindle assembly checkpoint: the human papillomavirus E2 protein provokes BUBR1-dependent aneuploidy. (docksci.com)
  • This phenotype is associated with interaction of E2 with the Mitotic Checkpoint Complex (MCC) proteins Cdc20, MAD2 and BUBR1. (docksci.com)
  • Silencing of the SAC during metaphase activates the ubiquitin ligase APC/C (anaphase-promoting complex, also known as the cyclosome) and results in the proteasomal destruction of the separase inhibitor securin 1 . (nature.com)
  • Biochemical reconstitution demonstrates that the mammalian complex possesses inherent E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, using Ube2H as its cognate E2. (elifesciences.org)
  • A substantial portion of the regulatory interactions in the higher eukaryotic cell are mediated by simple sequence motifs in the regulatory segments of genes and (pre-)mRNAs, and in the intrinsically disordered regions of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although these regulatory modules are physicochemically distinct, they share an evolutionary plasticity that has facilitated a rapid growth of their use and resulted in their ubiquity in complex organisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, we contrast the regulatory properties of protein motifs and the regulatory elements of DNA and (pre-)mRNAs, advocating that co-regulation, co-operativity, and motif-driven regulatory programs are common mechanisms that emerge from the use of simple, evolutionarily plastic regulatory modules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • protein_coding" "Cz01g27080.t1","No alias","Chromochloris zofingiensis","Solute-binding protein family 5 domain [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • ATP-citrate lyase/succinyl-CoA ligase [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "Cz02g09110.t1","No alias","Chromochloris zofingiensis","2-hydroxy-palmitic acid dioxygenase Mpo1-like [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "Cz03g01030.t1","No alias","Chromochloris zofingiensis","Rieske [2Fe-2S] iron-sulphur domain [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • The conserved family of Transcription Intermediary Factors (TIF1) proteins consists of key transcriptional regulators that control transcription of target genes by modulating chromatin state. (elifesciences.org)
  • Results were correlated with immunoreactivity for USP7 (herpes virus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease 7) and SUMO2/3 (small ubiquitin-related modifier protein 2/3) as well as PTEN and p53 FISH gene status. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell division cycle protein 20 homolog is a protein in humans that is encoded by CDC20 gene. (cusabio.com)
  • Centromere-associated protein-E (CENP-E) is an essential mitotic kinesin that is required for efficient, stable microtubule capture at kinetochores. (rupress.org)
  • Separase then triggers the cleavage of cohesin, the protein complex that binds sister chromatids together. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lipoate protein ligase B primarily recognizes the C8-phosphopantetheine arm of its donor substrate and weakly binds the acyl carrier protein. (du.ac.in)