Protein tyrosine b cell activation factor receptor. Medical search. Frequent questions

Sprouty inhibits of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, a pathway crucial for developmental processes initiated by activation of various receptor tyrosine kinases. (wikipedia.org)
Receptors that are tyrosine protein kinases include those receptors for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and certain lymphokines. (discoverx.com)
Receptor tyrosine kinases are cell surface transmembrane proteins responsible for intracellular signal transduction. (discoverx.com)
Chemical inhibition and siRNA knockdown experiments demonstrated that STAT-3 activation is dependent on the activation of nonreceptor tyrosine-protein kinase 2 (TYK2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinases. (cdc.gov)
Our studies show that poultry dust extract controls the induction of immune and inflammatory mediator expression via a cellular pathway involving oxidative stress-mediated STAT-3 activation by TYK2 and EGFR tyrosine kinases. (cdc.gov)
The ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) couples binding of extracellular growth factor ligands to intracellular signaling pathways regulating diverse biologic responses, including proliferation, differentiation, cell motility, and survival. (genome.jp)
The binding of IL-7 to its receptor induces dimerization of IL-7Ra and the common gamma chain (gc) which leads to activation of receptor associated tyrosine Janus kinases JAK1 (IL-7R) and JAK3 (γc). (biolegend.com)
These proteins are latent in the cytoplasm and become activated through tyrosine phosphorylation which typically occurs through cytokine receptor associated kinases (JAKs) or growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. (nih.gov)
Recently a number of non-receptor tyrosine kinases (for example src and abl) have been found to cause STAT phosphorylation. (nih.gov)
VEGF-induced pMF was attenuated by the MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 [1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis( o -aminophenylmercapto)butadiene] and was abolished by the phosphotidinositol 3 kinase/Akt inhibitor LY294002 [2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-1(4 H )-benzopyran-4-one hydrochloride], demonstrating that ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases and Akt are both required for full expression of VEGF-induced pMF. (jneurosci.org)
EGFR belongs to the HER/ERbB family of proteins that includes three other receptor tyrosine kinases, ERbB2, ERbB3, ERbB4. (thermofisher.com)
Most growth factors bind to cell-surface receptors that are linked to tyrosine kinases. (lumenlearning.com)
These cell-surface receptors are called receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). (lumenlearning.com)

Phosphorylation of Syk Activation Loop Tyrosines Is Essential for Syk Function. (crossref.org)
Binding of Sema4D to plexin-B1 stimulates the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of ErbB-2, resulting in the phosphorylation of both plexin-B1 and ErbB-2. (rupress.org)
Our data indicate that ErbB-2 is an important component of the plexin-B receptor system and that ErbB-2-mediated phosphorylation of plexin-B1 is critically involved in Sema4D-induced RhoA activation, which underlies cellular phenomena downstream of plexin-B1, including axonal growth cone collapse. (rupress.org)
Here we demonstrate for the first time that MAVS undergoes extensive tyrosine phosphorylation upon viral infection, indicating that MAVS phosphorylation might play an important role in MAVS function. (nih.gov)
A tyrosine-scanning mutational analysis revealed that MAVS tyrosine-9 (Y9) is a phosphorylation site that is required for IFN-β signaling. (nih.gov)
Indeed, MAVS Y9F mutation severely impaired TRAF3/TRAF6 recruitment and displayed decreased tyrosine phosphorylation in response to VSV infection compared to wild type MAVS. (nih.gov)
Poultry dust extract activated STAT-3 phosphorylation in Beas2B and normal human bronchial epithelial cells and in mouse lungs. (cdc.gov)
Antioxidants suppressed the increase of STAT-3 phosphorylation induced by poultry dust extract indicating that oxidative stress [elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels] is important for the activation. (cdc.gov)
Ligand binding to the four closely related members of this RTK family -epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, also known as ErbB-1 or HER1), ErbB-2 (HER2), ErbB-3 (HER3), and ErbB-4 (HER4)-induces the formation of receptor homo- and heterodimers and the activation of the intrinsic kinase domain, resulting in phosphorylation on specific tyrosine residues (pY) within the cytoplasmic tail. (genome.jp)
These effects exerted by EGF and TGFÎ± were dependent on EGF receptor (EGFR) expression and activation and involved phosphorylation of the Tyr 1045 and Tyr1173 EGFR sites. (unical.it)
The mRNA and protein levels of α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Snail and the phosphorylation levels of Smad2/3, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ (ERK1/2) were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. (molvis.org)
Mechanistically, we revealed that nintedanib reduces the TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Smad2/3, p38MAPK, and ERK1/2, suggesting that nintedanib acts through both classic and nonclassic signaling pathways of TGF-β1 to prevent HTF activation. (molvis.org)
Intermittent hypoxia-induced pLTF is associated with greater ERK phosphorylation (activation) in the region of the phrenic motor nucleus ( Wilkerson and Mitchell, 2009 ), and pLTF requires ERK (not Akt) activation in its underlying mechanism (M. S. Hoffman and G. S. Mitchell, unpublished observation). (jneurosci.org)
Phosphorylation of EGFR at certain residues is also mediated by Src-non-receptor kinase. (thermofisher.com)
Phosphorylation of EGFR at Y1086 specifically allows binding of the adaptor protein GRB2, leading to activation of the MAPK pathway. (thermofisher.com)
As a mechanism to control EGFR phosphorylation at the plasma membrane, receptor endocytosis and vesicular trafficking relocalizes activated, phosphorylated EGFR to perinuclear compartments rich in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (PTPs), such as PTPN1, which dephosphorylate and inactivate the receptor. (tu-dortmund.de)
Although the role of few PTPs in regulating EGFR phosphorylation is known, it is unclear how PTPs that are spatially segregated in distinct cellular compartments, modulate EGFR autocatalytic activation and hence its downstream signaling. (tu-dortmund.de)
Through quantitative imaging of EGFR phosphorylation upon genetic perturbations of classical PTPs and EGFR-PTP interactions, we identified endoplasmic reticulum (ER) associated PTPN2 and plasma membrane associated receptor-like PTPRG/J as strong, direct negative regulators of EGFR. (tu-dortmund.de)
Using single cell measurements of phosphorylation of the EGFR downstream signaling tyrosine residue Y1068, we generated a spatial-temporal reactivity map to identify local phosphatase activity. (tu-dortmund.de)
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is produced by stromal and mesenchymal cells, and it stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, motility, morphogenesis and angiogenesis in various organs via tyrosine phosphorylation of its cognate receptor, Met. (spandidos-publications.com)
Activation of JAK-1 and TYK-2 leads to phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. (cdc.gov)
ERK is activated in a phosphorylation cascade when epidermal growth factor (EGF) binds the EGF receptor. (lumenlearning.com)
Upon phosphorylation, ERK enters the nucleus and activates a protein kinase that, in turn, regulates protein translation (Figure 1). (lumenlearning.com)
Integrin-mediated RON growth factor receptor phosphorylation requires tyrosine kinase activity of both the receptor and c-Src. (123dok.org)
Integrin-in-duced epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) RTK phosphorylation depends on the kinase activity of the receptor (7, 13). (123dok.org)
The intact receptor lacks tyrosine kinase activity, but binding of GH and dimerization results in association with JAK2, a member of the Janus kinase family, which results in self-phosphorylation of the JAK2 and a cascade of phosphorylation of cellular proteins. (medscape.com)
Perilipin 1 binds to aquaporin 7 in human adipocytes and controls its mobility via protein kinase A mediated phosphorylation. (lu.se)

These events are influenced by and activate other molecular pathways, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK),[2] and therapies are now available that target these pathocellular processes. (cancernetwork.com)
The Shc- and/or Grb2-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a common target downstream of all ErbB receptors. (genome.jp)
Identification of a novel inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. (rndsystems.com)
Overexpression of human stem cell factor impairs melanocyte, mast cell, and thymocyte development: a role for receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated mitogen activated protein kinase activation in cell differentiation. (proquest.com)

Platelet activation pathways. (medscape.com)
In the last 8 decades, theories regarding carcinogenesis have progressed to include numerous pathways by which cells achieve immortality. (cancernetwork.com)
It further leads to activation of the Akt and mTor pathways inside the cell. (proteopedia.org)
10 Galectins can function inside the cells by modulating signaling pathways, 11 although they also act extracellularly by establishing multivalent interactions with cell surface glycans and delivering signals that lead to disruption of cellular homeostasis. (nature.com)
Signaling effectors containing binding pockets for pY-containing peptides are recruited to activated receptors and induce the various signaling pathways. (genome.jp)
In addition, IL-7 controls T-cell size and metabolism through the activation of PI3 kinase-dependent pathways and regulation of glucose metabolism. (biolegend.com)
Our results emphasize the need for new endocrine agents able to block widespread actions of estrogen without exerting any stimulatory activity on transduction pathways shared by the steroid and growth factor-signaling networks. (unical.it)
Recent studies have revealed that AXL contributes to leukaemic phenotypes through activation of oncogenic signalling pathways that lead to increased cell migration and proliferation. (cancerindex.org)
They act as mediators between multiple growth factor receptors that possess tyrosine kinase activity, such as the insulin and insulin growth factor receptors, and a complex network of intracellular signalling molecules, resulting in activation of, for example, the PI3K and RAS/ERK pathways and subsequent transcription of target genes. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
However, alterations in key molecular pathways such as for example WNT/-catenin, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are normal to HCC development [4-6]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Therefore, SLE is currently believed to be a T cell-driven condition and, indeed, targeting molecules expressed on T cells and their signalling pathways can be one of the potential therapeutic strategies in SLE. (hindawi.com)
Stimulation of TCRs upon antigen binding triggers downstream signalling pathways which enables various physiological functions of the T cells. (hindawi.com)
EGFR activation signals multiple downstream signaling cascades such as the Ras - ERK, PI3-K - Akt, Jak - STAT and PKC pathways that help in growth and proliferation of cells. (thermofisher.com)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
At the proliferation stage, proliferation related pathways and basic cellular and metabolic processes were inhibited, while regulatory factors that initiate differentiation enter the ready-to-activate state, which provides a precondition for initiating adipose differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Using signal transduction pathways, receptors in the plasma membrane produce a variety of effects on the cell. (lumenlearning.com)
The results of signaling pathways are extremely varied and depend on the type of cell involved as well as the external and internal conditions. (lumenlearning.com)
Cell signaling pathways also play a major role in cell division. (lumenlearning.com)
As mentioned earlier, signaling pathways control cell growth. (lumenlearning.com)
These signaling pathways are controlled by signaling proteins, which are, in turn, expressed by genes. (lumenlearning.com)
Integrin engagement by ECM can modulate growth factor signaling pathways, increasing the activity of growth factor RTKs (7, 8) and their downstream intracellular mediators (9, 10). (123dok.org)
When the ligand attaches (binds), the PDGFRA receptor protein is turned on (activated), which leads to activation of a series of proteins in multiple signaling pathways. (medlineplus.gov)
These signaling pathways control many important cellular processes, such as cell growth and division (proliferation) and cell survival. (medlineplus.gov)
As a result, the signaling pathways are constantly turned on (constitutively activated), which increases the proliferation and survival of cells. (medlineplus.gov)

Zinc has "mimetic" activity where it is involved in a range of functions including insulin receptor signal transduction, insulin storage, secretion and tissues/organelle distribution, and inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases [ 5 - 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

Ligand binding at the cell surface induces autophosphorylation of MET on its intracellular domain that provides docking sites for downstream signaling molecules. (joplink.net)
Recruitment of these downstream effectors by MET leads to the activation of several signaling cascades including the RAS-ERK, PI3 kinase-AKT, or PLCgamma-PKC. (joplink.net)
Here, potential mechanisms involving alterations in T-cell receptor expressions, postreceptor downstream signalling, epigenetics, and oxidative stress which favour activation of lupus T cells will be discussed. (hindawi.com)
Phenotypic and functional alterations in lupus T cells including expansion of the Th17 population, perturbations of the physiology of T-cell receptors (TCRs) and postreceptor downstream signalling, oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes result in exaggeration of TCR response to stimuli and the propensity of lupus T cells to get activated [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)

Most notably, in humans, it suppresses the insulin receptor and EGFR-transduced MAPK signaling pathway, but does not inhibit MAPK activation by a constitutively active mutant Ras. (wikipedia.org)
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutants play an important role in NSCLC progression. (jcancer.org)
Using gene-silencing experiments and specific pharmacological inhibitors, we have ascertained that EGF and TGFÎ± induce GPR30 expression through the EGFR/ERK transduction pathway, and the recruitment of c-fos to the activator protein-1 site located within GPR30 promoter sequence. (unical.it)
Interestingly, we show that functional cross talk of GPR30 with both activated EGFR and ERÎ± relies on a physical interaction among these receptors, further extending the potential of estrogen to trigger a complex stimulatory signaling network in hormone-sensitive tumors. (unical.it)
In addition, important for resistance is the ability of tamoxifen to bind to and activate GPR30, the expression of which is up-regulated by EGFR activation. (unical.it)
The EGFR system plays an important role in cell proliferation, survival and migration and its own altered activity continues to be implicated in the development and growth of several tumors including HCC [7]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
The activation of EGFR by heterologous ligands because of the principal activation of another receptor is known as transactivation. (exposed-skin-care.net)
The ligand-independent transactivation of EGFR in addition has been described, and involves the physical interaction of EGFR with other receptors such as for example platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) [16] or IGF1R [17]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Furthermore, GPCR-ligands [15,18] and cytokines such as for example growth hormones (GH) and prolactin (PRL) [19] have the ability to phosphorylate the EGFR in the lack of EGFR-ligand shedding upon the activation of Src and Janus tyrosine kinase 1 (Jak1), respectively. (exposed-skin-care.net)
2.?The EGFR System EGFR, also called ErbB1/HER1, is a 170 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that defines a family group of tyrosine kinase. (exposed-skin-care.net)
EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor, HER1, ErbB1) is encoded by the EGFR gene located on chromosome 7 in humans. (thermofisher.com)
EGFR is a transmembrane receptor and binding of its cognate ligands such as EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) and TGF alpha (Transforming Growth Factor alpha) to the extracellular domain leads to EGFR dimerization followed by autophosphorylation of the tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic domain. (thermofisher.com)
Upon receptor activation and signaling, EGFR is endocytosed and targeted for degradation or recycling. (thermofisher.com)
Mutations in the EGFR gene are associated with lung cancer and multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encode different protein isoforms of EGFR have been found. (thermofisher.com)
Increased production or activation of EGFR has been associated with poor prognosis in a variety of tumors. (thermofisher.com)
Autocatalytic activation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) at the plasma membrane increases the sensitivity of the cell to extracellular growth factors but can also generate spontaneous receptor activation in the absence of stimulation. (tu-dortmund.de)
Through its activity on ligandless EGFR at plasma membrane, PTPRG regulates the autocatalytic activity of EGFR and influences the responsiveness of a cell to EGF dose. (tu-dortmund.de)
Altogether our findings indicate that by spatially segregating PTPs with different functional relationships to EGFR, the cell is able to sense and respond to its environment. (tu-dortmund.de)

Overexpression and/or activation of c-Met, the protein tyrosine kinase receptor for the hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), and the protein tyrosine kinase, Src, have been implicated in the progression and metastasis of human colorectal carcinoma (CRC). (oldcitypublishing.com)
Receptor tyrosine kinase that transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding to hepatocyte growth factor/HGF ligand. (joplink.net)
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). (spandidos-publications.com)

We demonstrate that epidermal growth factor (EGF) and TGFÎ± transactivate the GPR30 promoter and accordingly up-regulate GPR30 mRNA and protein levels only in endometrial and tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. (unical.it)
MA5-14485 targets Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in IHC (P) applications and shows reactivity with Human samples. (thermofisher.com)

Upon activation by its cytokine ligand, stem cell factor (SCF), this protein phosphorylates multiple intracellular proteins that play a role in in the proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis of many cell types and thereby plays an important role in hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, melanogenesis, and in mast cell development, migration and function. (nih.gov)
Understanding the function of lectin-glycan recognition systems in cell death will facilitate the implementation of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling unbalanced cell proliferation and survival in several pathologic conditions. (nature.com)
In this fashion, IL-7 induces cell activation, survival, and proliferation of T lymphocytes. (biolegend.com)
Primary cultured HTFs were incubated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) alone or combined with nintedanib, and cell proliferation and migration were measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and the scratch wound assay, respectively. (molvis.org)
Promotes also differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic cells. (joplink.net)
Expression of IRS1 , IRS2 or IRS4 in the 32D haematopoietic cell line leads to proliferation of the myeloid progenitor cells and expression of activated IRS4 has recently been demonstrated in the human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2, with inhibition of IRS4 resulting in diminished growth. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
Integrin-based effects on growth factor re-ceptors include enhancement of cell migration (11, 12), survival (13), and proliferation (14 -17). (123dok.org)
They negatively regulate members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily (MAPK/ERK, SAPK/JNK, p38), which are associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation. (antibodies-online.com)
In vitro studies based on MCF-7 cell proliferation and induction of vitellogenin in primary culture of rainbow trout hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)

Growing evidence suggests that the interaction between the genomic/epigenomic aberrations in cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment, composed of immune and stromal cells, contributes to the development of tumor invasion via mechanisms such as the so-called "angiogenic switch,"[3-5] creating multiple opportunities for therapeutic intervention. (cancernetwork.com)
Dr. Petritsch is an expert in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, and cancer stem cells, and her team's emphasis is on intra-tumoral heterogeneity, in vitro and in vivo cancer model development, and tumor-immune interactions. (stanford.edu)
We therefore work to gain an understanding of how brain cells control the fate of their progeny, whereby we unravel novel points of vulnerabilities in brain tumor cells, that could be exploited therapeutically. (stanford.edu)
It is known that brain tumor cells, on the other hand, defy many general principles of neurobiology. (stanford.edu)
Tumor cell hierarchies are poorly understood, providing no explanation for why tumor cells with stem-like, progenitor-like, and differentiated features co-exist and interact with normal brain cells and immune-infiltrating cells within a single tumor entity, and how this heterogeneity relates to the lack of active immune infiltration. (stanford.edu)
As Src has been shown to upregulate Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), we sought to determine if the reduced tumor size and incidence could be due to reduced vessel formation in the c-Met downregulated clones. (oldcitypublishing.com)
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the seventh most frequently diagnosed tumor in adults in Europe and represents approximately 2.5% of cancer deaths. (cancerindex.org)
The molecular biology underlying renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development and progression has been a key milestone in the management of this type of tumor. (cancerindex.org)
Calebin-A induced death of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cells by activation of histone acetyltransferase. (cancerindex.org)
In lots of tumor cells these inter-receptor communications have already been from the resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors [18]. (exposed-skin-care.net)

The STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription), were identified in the last decade as transcription factors which were critical in mediating virtually all cytokine driven signaling. (nih.gov)
They act as adapters for transmitting various signals in response to stimuli through cytokine and growth factor receptors, and T- and B-cell antigen receptors. (antikoerper-online.de)
This transactivation could be triggered by multiple G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), cytokine receptors, integrins and other tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs) [13-15]. (exposed-skin-care.net)

These proteins contain pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, and bind SHP2 tyrosine phosphatase and GRB2 adapter protein. (antikoerper-online.de)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein phosphatase subfamily. (antibodies-online.com)
Polymorphisms of protein tyrosine phosphatase CD148 influence Fc?RIIA-dependent platelet activation and the risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. (cdc.gov)

The function of this protein has been found, in Drosophila to inhibit branching of the trachea by antagonizing the BNL-FGF pathway. (wikipedia.org)
Innate immunity to viruses involves receptors such as RIG-I, which senses viral RNA and triggers an IFN-β signaling pathway involving the outer mitochondrial membrane protein MAVS. (nih.gov)
In this study, we have identified STAT-3 as an important transcription factor controlling the induction of expression of immune and inflammatory mediators by poultry dust extracts in airway epithelial cells and in mouse lungs and delineated the cellular pathway for STAT-3 activation. (cdc.gov)
Conditional Met KO mice were generated using Cre‑loxP methodology and characterization of these mice indicated that the HGF‑Met signaling pathway is essential in regeneration, protection, and homeostasis in various tissue types and cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
The result of another signaling pathway affects muscle cells. (lumenlearning.com)
Activation of RTKs initiates a signaling pathway that includes a G-protein called RAS, which activates the MAP kinase pathway described earlier. (lumenlearning.com)
In the present work, we investi-gated the pathway involved in integrin-mediated activation of RON. (123dok.org)

The gene product is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor family, a group of transcription factors regulated by small hydrophobic hormones, a subset of which do not have known ligands and are referred to as orphan nuclear receptors. (cancerindex.org)
Inside the cell, ligands bind to their internal receptors, allowing them to directly affect the cell's DNA and protein-producing machinery. (lumenlearning.com)
The ligands that promote cell growth are called growth factors . (lumenlearning.com)
Receptor proteins have specific sites into which certain other proteins, called ligands, fit like keys into locks. (medlineplus.gov)

The canonical form of this glycosylated transmembrane protein has an N-terminal extracellular region with five immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane region, and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain at the C-terminus. (nih.gov)
These include the adaptors Crk, Nck, the phospholipase C gamma (PLCgamma), the intracellular tyrosine kinase Src, or the Cbl E3 ubiquitin protein ligase. (genome.jp)

It has been found to be a PtdIns(4,5)P2-binding domain that targets the proteins to a cellular localization that maximizes their inhibitory potential. (wikipedia.org)
Phagocytosis of invading microorganisms by immune cells was first discovered by the father of cellular immunology Ilya Metchnikoff in 1882, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize. (frontiersin.org)
At the cellular level, total zinc concentrations of human cells are 200-300 μ M [ 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
Given the low plasma concentration of zinc and its importance in cellular signaling, it is essential that the availability and distribution of "free" zinc (free zinc is used to differentiate zinc involved in cell signaling from zinc that tightly bound to protein and therefore thermodynamically unavailable) are tightly controlled [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
However, information on transcription factors and cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling the production of immune and inflammatory mediators induced by organic dust is limited. (cdc.gov)
At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
This involves purification of a specific protein from the pool of cellular proteins, followed by Western blotting of a suspected interacting protein ( 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Unlike immunofluorescence microscopy approaches, which provide correlative information about proteins sharing cellular space, co-IP can confirm direct often high-affinity physical interactions between two proteins or protein complexes of equal or better affinity. (aacrjournals.org)
This gene may be involved in several cellular functions including growth, migration, aggregation and anti-inflammation in multiple cell types. (cancerindex.org)
In contrast, in many cancerous cell lines and tumors, where growth factor dysregulation is frequently at the heart of cellular transformation, the STAT proteins (in particular Stats 1, 3 and 5) are persistently tyrosine phosphorylated or activated. (nih.gov)
while Stats 3 and 5 are involved in promoting cell cycle progression and cellular transformation and preventing apoptosis. (nih.gov)
The enzyme MAP kinase then stimulates the expression of proteins that interact with other cellular components to initiate cell division. (lumenlearning.com)

The protein encoded by this gene is the principal activator of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase in response to activation of the high affinity IgE receptor. (antikoerper-online.de)
The IGFBPs are a family of 6 structurally related proteins with a high affinity for binding IGF. (medscape.com)

Several cytoplasmic docking proteins appear to be recruited by specific ErbB receptors and less exploited by others. (genome.jp)
The presence of novel amino acids in the cytoplasmic domain of stem cell factor results in hematopoietic defects in Steel(17H) mice. (proquest.com)
Recent data suggest that integrin association with RTKs might also protect the latter against the activity of phosphatases (17, 19) and/or ensure the correct subcellular juxtaposition of cytoplasmic tails of dimer-ized growth factor receptors (17). (123dok.org)

In that case, adhesion-induced aggregation of integrins might trigger co-aggregation (5) and autophosphorylation of growth factor RTKs (13). (123dok.org)

Cell fate decisions within these hierarchical brain cell lineages are tightly controlled and irreversible: e.g. cells in the state of differentiation will not turn into progenitor cells or stem cells. (stanford.edu)
This is especially true for malignant glioma cells, which simultaneously express markers of different lineages and states exhibiting incomplete differentiation. (stanford.edu)
IL-7 is necessary to specify CD8 lineage differentiation during CD4/CD8 cell fate choice in the thymus by inducing expression of the transcription factor Runx3. (biolegend.com)
Furthermore, nintedanib prevented HTF myofibroblast differentiation via downregulation of mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA and Snail. (molvis.org)
Subconjunctival fibrosis is mediated by the activities of human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTFs), which initiate myofibroblast differentiation upon stimulation by many fibrogenic factors. (molvis.org)
Moreover, we identified and classified more than 100 transcription factors that showed significant changes during differentiation, and found novel transcription factors that were not reported to be related to preadipoctye differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)

The activated JAK proteins in turn phosphorylate specific residues on the IL-7R creating docking sites for signaling molecules such as STAT5 and to a lesser extent STAT1 and STAT3. (biolegend.com)

Ligand-binding on α subunit induces activation of β subunit by autophosphorylation. (proteopedia.org)

Sprouty proteins are targeted to membrane ruffles upon growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase activation. (wikipedia.org)
Platelets play a primary role in this process, interacting with subendothelium-bound von Willebrand factor (vWf) via the membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib complex. (medscape.com)
This protein can be a membrane-bound or soluble protein. (nih.gov)
Signaling through the interaction of membrane-restricted stem cell factor and c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase: genetic evidence for a differential role in erythropoiesis. (proquest.com)
As to the basis for their collaboration, integrins and growth factor receptors may form macromolecular complexes on the cell membrane (7, 8, 13, 16 -18). (123dok.org)
The PDGFRA gene provides instructions for making a receptor protein that is found in the cell membrane of certain cell types. (medlineplus.gov)

In adult mice, IL-7/IL-7R signaling up regulates expression of early B cell factor (EBF), and EBF in turn regulates expression of B cell-specific genes required for the transition from lymphoid progenitor to pro-B cells. (biolegend.com)
Linkage and comparative mapping studies indicate that the transferred chromosome segment contains a number of candidate genes for hypertension, including genes encoding a brain dopamine receptor and a renal epithelial potassium channel. (jci.org)
2) a more complete definition of the sets of genes which are activated by different STATs and (3) how these sets of activated genes differ as a function of cell type. (nih.gov)
Expression of genes encoding Mg2+ channels and transporters such as transient receptor potential melastatin 6 (Trpm6), transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (Trpm7), cyclin and CBS domain divalent metal cation transport mediator 2 (Cnnm2), and Slc41a3 were unchanged based on genotype. (bvsalud.org)
Mutations in these genes can result in malfunctioning signaling proteins. (lumenlearning.com)
The genes that regulate the signaling proteins are one type of oncogene, which is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. (lumenlearning.com)
The FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion gene (as well as other PDGFRA fusion genes) provides instructions for making a fusion protein that has the function of the normal PDGFRA protein. (medlineplus.gov)

T cells recognize antigens presented to them by the major histocompatibility complex of antigen-presenting cells via the TCRs expressed on their surface. (hindawi.com)
Influence of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Alleles and Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors (KIR) Types on Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT). (cdc.gov)

N-terminal 6His-tagged recombinant, human PDGF receptor β, amino acids 557 end. (discoverx.com)
La activación de la actividad proteín-tirosina cinasa de los receptores tiene lugar por dimerización o heterodimerización de los tipos de receptor de PDGF inducida por ligandos. (bvsalud.org)
Activation of the protein-tyrosine kinase activity of the receptors occurs by ligand-induced dimerization or heterodimerization of PDGF receptor types. (bvsalud.org)

Overall, phagocytosis is considered a beneficial phenomenon, since it eliminates dead cells and induces an anti-inflammatory response. (frontiersin.org)
Organic dust induces inflammatory gene expression in lung epithelial cells via ROS-dependent STAT-3 activation. (cdc.gov)
IL-7 induces anti-apoptotic factors Bcl2 and Bcl-xL and inhibiting pro-apoptotic factors such as Bad and Bax. (biolegend.com)
CD4 T cell lymphopenia increases the expression of circulating IL-7, and TGFb induces IL-7 downregulation. (biolegend.com)

Therefore chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis are thought to be pre-neoplastic conditions as well as the infections by hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses, chronic alcohol abuse or genetic conditions such as for example hereditary hemochromatosis and a 1-antitrypsin deficiency are believed risks factors for HCC. (exposed-skin-care.net)
IGF-I deficiency can be the result of GH resistance or insensitivity due to genetic disorders of the GH receptor causing GH receptor deficiency (growth hormone receptor deficiency [GHRD], Laron syndrome) or postreceptor defects, including the principal transduction agent STAT5b, the IGF-I/IGFBP3 stabilizer acid labile subunit (ALS), the IGF-I gene, or the IGF-I receptor. (medscape.com)
Genetic rearrangements and point mutations affecting the PDGFRA gene are somatic mutations, which are mutations acquired during a person's lifetime that are present only in certain cells. (medlineplus.gov)
The FIP1L1 gene provides instructions for a protein that plays a role in forming the genetic blueprints for making proteins (messenger RNA or mRNA). (medlineplus.gov)
Platelet receptor and clotting factor polymorphisms as genetic risk factors for thromboembolic complications in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. (cdc.gov)

The somatic mutation occurs initially in a single cell, which continues to grow and divide, producing a group of cells with the same mutation (a clonal population). (medlineplus.gov)
When the FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion gene mutation or point mutations in the PDGFRA gene occur in blood cell precursors, the growth of eosinophils (and occasionally other blood cells, such as neutrophils and mast cells) is poorly controlled, leading to PDGFRA -associated chronic eosinophilic leukemia. (medlineplus.gov)

Integrins are cell adhesion molecules that mediate cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell interactions. (embl.de)
in-teraction is mediated by integrins, transmembrane nonco-valently linked heterodimeric receptors consisting of␣ and ␤ subunits (6). (123dok.org)
Despite the cited progress in this area of research, the molecular mechanisms underlying growth factor receptor activation by integrins remain to be defined. (123dok.org)

Combining these new datasets with existing published gene expression and protein expression data have identified selected panels of novel biomarkers which have been evaluated on over 100 cervical cancer and pre-cancer cases using standard immunohistochemistry approaches. (europa.eu)
Various growth factors, cytokines, and prostaglandins upregulate HGF gene expression, including basic fibroblast growth factor, oncostatin M, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
By contrast, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 was demonstrated to markedly downregulate HGF gene expression ( 10 , 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The most critical of these proteins is the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b), which couples GH binding to the activation of gene expression that leads to the intracellular effects of GH, including synthesis of IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and ALS. (medscape.com)

Additionally, the Src selective inhibitor, PP2, significantly reduced basal VEGF production in KM20 parental cells, and this effect could be rescued by HGF treatment. (oldcitypublishing.com)
The second kind of protein with which PKC can interact is a protein that acts as an inhibitor. (lumenlearning.com)
An inhibitor is a molecule that binds to a protein and prevents it from functioning or reduces its function. (lumenlearning.com)
In this case, the inhibitor is a protein called Iκ-B, which binds to the regulatory protein NF-κB. (lumenlearning.com)
Olsson PO, Gustafsson R, In 't Zandt R, Friman T, Maccarana M, Tykesson E, Oldberg Å, Rubin K, Kalamajski S. The Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Imatinib Augments Extracellular Fluid Exchange and Reduces Average Collagen Fibril Diameter in Experimental Carcinoma. (lu.se)

Growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) are upregulated to stimulate angiogenesis, while downregulation of endogenous protein inhibitors (thrombospondin 1 and interferon) disrupts the balance of physiologic angiogenesis. (cancernetwork.com)
Specificity and mechanism of action of some commonly used protein kinase inhibitors. (rndsystems.com)
Lastly, while currently available outcomes of clinical trials evaluating therapeutic agents which manipulate the T cells such as calcineurin inhibitors indicate that they are at least as efficacious and safe as conventional immunosuppressants in treating lupus glomerulonephritis, larger clinical trials are undoubtedly required to validate these as-yet favourable findings. (hindawi.com)

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Tyro3-Axl-Mer (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. (cancerindex.org)

The alpha granules contain hemostatic proteins such as fibrinogen, vWf, and growth factors (eg, platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factors). (medscape.com)
A dominant-negative form of ErbB-2 blocks Sema4D-induced RhoA activation as well as axonal growth cone collapse in primary hippocampal neurons. (rupress.org)
Inhibition of PDGFRB (PDGFR1, JTK12, CD140B,Beta platelet-derived growth factor) receptor kinase may be useful in the treatment of several tumors. (discoverx.com)
Insulin-like Growth Factor ( IGF-1 ) is a member of the insulin protein family. (proteopedia.org)
This protein deals with a large scale of regulations, from growth to nutrition and it is even implied in stress response, breeding and longevity. (proteopedia.org)
[1] . It is the main actor in primary growth cell control. (proteopedia.org)
In the pituitary gland inside the brain, Growth Hormone ( GH ) is secreted and its release enable transcription of IGF1 in liver and depending on the nutritional state, a paracrine or autocrine activation IGF-1 occurs. (proteopedia.org)
IGF-1 then acts as a ligand and can interact with Insulin Receptor protein and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein . (proteopedia.org)
Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor ( IGF-1R ) is a transmembrane protein receptor. (proteopedia.org)
Therefore, the various concentration of the insulin proteins regulates the cell activity in different context, for instance in excess of glucose or lack of Growth Hormone. (proteopedia.org)
Once IGF1 is bound to Insulin-like Growth Binding Protein (IGFBP), IGF-1 cannot be linked to IGF1R any longer. (proteopedia.org)
Claudia earned her PhD (Dr. rer.nat) at the Institute for Molecular Pathology (IMP) in Vienna, where she trained in cancer signaling, and identified crucial regulators of growth factor receptor kinase signaling. (stanford.edu)
Although one typically thinks of carbohydrates as associated with cell growth and viability, glycosylation also has an integral role in many processes leading to cell death. (nature.com)
It transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding to the vitamin K-dependent protein growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6). (cancerindex.org)
The importance of STAT activation to growth control in experiments using anti-sense molecules or dominant negative STAT protein encoding constructs performed in cell lines or studies in animals lacking specific STATs strongly indicate that STATs play an important role in controlling cell cycle progression and apoptosis. (nih.gov)
Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA-165) is primarily known for its role in angiogenesis, it also plays important neurotrophic and neuroprotective roles for spinal motor neurons. (jneurosci.org)
Because another growth/trophic factor that signals via a receptor tyrosine kinase (brain derived neurotrophic factor) elicits a long-lasting facilitation of respiratory motor activity in the phrenic nerve, we tested the hypothesis that VEGFA-165 elicits similar phrenic motor facilitation (pMF). (jneurosci.org)
solid course="kwd-title" Keywords: G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), a desintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM), transactivation, growth factor receptor 1. (exposed-skin-care.net)
HGF was cloned as a growth factor for hepatocytes ( 1 , 2 ), is identical to scatter factor (SF) and was originally discovered as a fibroblast-derived cell motility factor for epithelial cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Cancer biologists study the molecular origins of cancer with the goal of developing new prevention methods and treatment strategies that will inhibit the growth of tumors without harming the normal cells of the body. (lumenlearning.com)
and by soluble growth factors (1-5). (123dok.org)
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is the effector of growth induced by growth hormone (GH). (medscape.com)
Specific receptors on cell membranes that react with PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR, its analogs, or antagonists. (bvsalud.org)
However, because the thrombopoietin receptor is the only growth factor receptor in hematopoietic stem cells, thrombocytosis can occur before erythrocytosis. (msdmanuals.com)

Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
Endogenous lectins and glycans are critical signals in the resolution of cell death. (nature.com)
VEGFA-165 signals by activating its receptor tyrosine kinase VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). (jneurosci.org)
Cells do not normally divide unless they are stimulated by signals from other cells. (lumenlearning.com)

In the present study, we evaluated the regulation of G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)30 expression in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive endometrial, ovarian, and estrogen-sensitive, as well as tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. (unical.it)

Protein kinase C regulates human pluripotent stem cell self-renewal. (rndsystems.com)
An example of a protein that regulates translation in the nucleus is the MAP kinase ERK. (lumenlearning.com)
MSP was discov-ered as a serum factor that regulates the motility of macro-phages (22). (123dok.org)

This gene is a member of the GRB2-associated binding protein (GAB) gene family. (antikoerper-online.de)

In normal cells and in animals, ligand dependent activation of the STATs is a transient process, lasting for several minutes to several hours. (nih.gov)
The protein has been shown to interact with retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors, inhibiting their ligand-dependent transcriptional activation. (cancerindex.org)

Two decades later, pioneering studies suggested that lectin-like molecules constitutively expressed on the surface of macrophages can selectively recognize changes on glycans decorating the surface of apoptotic thymocytes, 4 , 5 although these studies likewise did not provide substantial insight into the mechanisms by which lectin-glycan interactions regulate cell death. (nature.com)
The surface of the living cells is decorated by a complex layer of glycosylated molecules that store relevant biological information. (nature.com)
The current state of clinical trials evaluating therapeutic agents which target molecules expressing on and inside T cells for the treatment of SLE will be updated. (hindawi.com)
The GH molecule binds to its specific cell surface receptor (GHR), which dimerizes with another GHR molecule so that the single GH molecule is enveloped by 2 GHR molecules. (medscape.com)

In addition, interaction with estrogen receptors has been demonstrated, leading to inhibition of function. (cancerindex.org)
Synergistic activation of estrogen receptor with combinations of environmental chemicals. (cdc.gov)

It also mediates homodimer formation of these proteins. (wikipedia.org)
SLC41A1 is a Na+/Mg2+ exchanger that mediates Mg2+ efflux from cells and is hypothesized to facilitate basolateral extrusion of Mg2+ in the DCT. (bvsalud.org)
RON is an RTK that mediates the biological effects of mac-rophage-stimulating protein (MSP) (20, 21). (123dok.org)

Phosphorylated STATs form homo- or hetero-dimers, enter the nucleus and working coordinately with other transcriptional co-activators or transcription factors lead to increased transcriptional initiation. (nih.gov)
When Iκ-B is bound to NF-κB, the complex cannot enter the nucleus of the cell, but when Iκ-B is phosphorylated by PKC, it can no longer bind NF-κB, and NF-κB (a transcription factor) can enter the nucleus and initiate RNA transcription. (lumenlearning.com)

IGF-1 is a 8.28 kDa protein consisting of 69 amino acids. (proteopedia.org)
Mouse IL-7, amino acids Glu26 -Ile154 (Accession# NM_008371.4) was expressed in insect cells. (biolegend.com)

This molecule helps the transportation of glucose into the cells, thus reducing the blood sugar rate, contrary to glucagon. (proteopedia.org)
In this manner, a muscle cell obtains a ready pool of glucose by activating its formation via glycogen degradation and by inhibiting the use of glucose to form glycogen, thus preventing a futile cycle of glycogen degradation and synthesis. (lumenlearning.com)
The glucose is then available for use by the muscle cell in response to a sudden surge of adrenaline-the "fight or flight" reflex. (lumenlearning.com)

BioLegend carrier-free recombinant proteins provided in liquid format are shipped on blue-ice. (biolegend.com)

There were tendencies for higher mRNA abundance of THY1, BGLAP, and NIPA1 in cells receiving 0.3 mM Mg2+ and 5 nM 1,25D. (bvsalud.org)
Others regulate the translation of proteins from mRNA. (lumenlearning.com)
ERK phosphorylates MNK1, which in turn phosphorylates eIF-4E, an elongation initiation factor that, with other initiation factors, is associated with mRNA. (lumenlearning.com)
When eIF-4E becomes phosphorylated, the mRNA unfolds, allowing protein synthesis in the nucleus to begin. (lumenlearning.com)

IGF binding involves 3 basic types of receptors: the structurally homologous insulin receptor and type 1 IGF receptor and the distinctive type 2 IGF-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptor. (medscape.com)
Polycythemia vera involves increased production of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. (msdmanuals.com)
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a disorder that involves the following: (1) low levels of most or all of the immunoglobulin (Ig) classes, (2) a lack of B lymphocytes or plasma cells that are capable of producing antibodies, and (3) frequent bacterial infections. (medscape.com)

Under physiological circumstances, the resistance of the endothelial cell lining to interactions with platelets and coagulation factors prevents thrombosis. (medscape.com)
We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)
IL-7 also controls T cell-dendritic cell interactions that are essential for both T-cell homeostasis and activation in vivo . (biolegend.com)
These tend to fall roughly into two categories: validation of putative or suspected interactions and identification of unknown associated proteins. (aacrjournals.org)
The classic method for analysis of protein-protein interactions is the co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), also known as a "pull down" ( 1, 2 ), which constitutes the gold standard in the field. (aacrjournals.org)
The validity of co-IP approaches can quickly deteriorate when forced expression of tagged proteins are used to investigate possible interactions, yet this approach, particularly when endogenous factors are assessed, can provide useful information about potential protein associations. (aacrjournals.org)

Recent investigations have shown that the RON receptor is expressed in various cell types including epithelial cells (23) and that MSP-mediated effects on epithelial cells are integrin-dependent (23, 24). (123dok.org)

Anatomy5

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs22

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes6

Information Science2

Kinases13

Phosphorylation27

Mitogen-activa4

Pathways24

Signal Transduction1

Downstream4

EGFR18

Hepatocyte growth3

Epidermal growth2

Proliferation9

Tumor10

Cytokine3

Phosphatase3

Pathway7

Ligands4

Intracellular tyrosine kinase2

Cellular12

High-affinity2

Cytoplasmic3

RTKs1

Differentiation6

Residues1

Autophosphorylation1

Membrane6

Genes7

Antigen2

PDGF3

Induces4

Genetic5

Mutation2

Integrins3

Gene expression4

Inhibitor5

Inhibitors3

Subfamily1

Growth24

Signals4

Regulation1

Regulates3

GRB21

Ligand dependent2

Molecules4

Estrogen2

Mediates3

Transcription2

Amino acids2

Glucose3

Recombinant Proteins1

MRNA4

Involves3

Interactions6

Epithelial cells1